Abd. Ghoni, S., Hamid, N., & Othman, A. (2018). Kajian mengenai kesediaan pelajar semester empat Polimas dalam mengharungi cabaran Revolusi Industri 4.0. National Innovation and Invention Competition Through Exhibition (Icompex’ 18). Retrieved from Upikpolimas.edu.my/conference/index/php/icompex/…/263. 

Abdullahi, M. S., Adeiza, A., Abdelfattah, F., Fatma, M., Fawehinmi, O., & Aigbogun, 

O. (2022). Talent management practices on employee performance: A mediating role of employee engagement in institution of higher learning: Quantitative analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training. doi: 10.1108/ICT­10-2021-0075 

Abdullahi, M. S., Raman, K., & Solarin, S. A. (2022). Mediating role of employee engagement on the relationship between succession planning practice and employee performance in academic institutions: PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(2), 808-828. doi: 10.1108/JARHE-02-2021-0056 

Abson, E., & Schofield, P. (2022). Exploring the antecedents of shared leadership in event organisations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 439­451. doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.08.003 

Adjognon, O. L., Cohen-Bearak, A., Kaitz, J., Bokhour, B. G., Chatelain, L., Charns, 

M. P., & Mohr, D.C. (2023). Factors affecting the implementation of employee whole health in the veterans health administration: a qualitative evaluation. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 600. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09450-3 

Adner, R., & Helfat, C. E. (2003). Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities. Strateg Manag J., 24(10), 1011–1025. 

Afram, J., Manresa, A., & Mas-Machuca, M. (2022). The impact of employee empowerment on organisational performance: The mediating role of employee engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour. Intangible Capital, 18(1), 96-119. doi: 10.3926/ic.1781 

Afthanorhan, W. M. A. B. W. (2013). A comparison of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) for confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal Engineering and Science Innovative Technologies (IJESIT), 2(5), 8. 

Aggarwal, A., Jaisinghani, D., & Nobi, K. (2022). Effect of organizational justice and support on organizational commitment and employee turnover intentions: the mediating role of employee engagement. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. doi: 10.1108/IJQSS-08-2021-0112 

Agogo, D., & Hess, T. J. (2015), Technostress and Technology Induced State Anxiety: Scale Development and Implications, Thirty Sixth International Conference on Information Systems, Fort Worth 2015. 

Ahmad, A. R., Segaran, P. A. P., & Sapry, H. R. M. (2020). Industry revolution 4.0 and job creation for the university students. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 9(3), 2968-2971. doi: 10.30534/ijatcse/2020/73932020 

Ahmad, N., Ullah, Z., AlDhaen, E., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., & Vega-Muz, A. (2022). Fostering advocacy behavior of employees: A corporate social responsibility perspective from the hospitality sector. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 865021. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865021 

Ahmad, R., Islam, T., & Saleem, S. S. (2017). Employee engagement, organizational commitment and job satisfaction as consequent of perceived CSR: A mediation model. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 54(1), 153-168. 

Ahmed, S. I., Farooq, S. M., Ahmed, S., & Qureshi, M. A. (2023). Young Leadership Skills Required in the Frugal Innovation Process and Its Developments. In Frugal Innovation and Social Transitions in the Digital Era (pp. 77-105). IGI Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5417-6.ch008 

Ahmetoglu, G., Harding, X., Akhtar, R., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2015). Predictors of creative achievement: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial potential, perfectionism, and employee engagement. Creativity Research Journal, 27, 198-205. doi:10.1080/10400419.2015.1030293 

Ahuja, J., Puppala, H., Sergio, R.P., & Hoffman, E.P. (2023). E-Leadership Is Un(usual): Multi-Criteria Analysis of Critical Success Factors for the Transition from Leadership to E-Leadership. Sustainability, 15, 6506. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086506 

Ajay, M., Smith, B. R., Dixon, A. L., & Robertson, B. (2006). Distributed leadership in teams: The network of leadership perceptions and team performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 232–245. 

Akhir, R. M., Ahmad, S. N., Ahmad, H., & Hashim, N. A. (2018). Staying or leaving? The influence of employees’ engagement towards turnover decision among employees of a semi-government organization in Malaysia. Humanities, 3, 55– 62. doi: 10.20448/801.31.55.62 

Akiba, M., & Liang, G. (2016). Effects of teacher professional learning activities on student achievement growth. J. Educ. Res. 109, 99–110. 

Aktar, A., & Pangil, F. (2017). The Relationship between Employee Engagement, HRM practices and Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from Banking Employees. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v7i3.11353 

Akter, H., Ahmed, W., Sentosa, I., & Hizam, S.M. (2022). Crafting employee engagement through talent management practices in telecom sector. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, a1775. doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.1775 

Al Kahtani, N. S., & Sulphey, M. M. (2022). A study on how psychological capital, social capital, workplace wellbeing, and employee engagement relate to task performance. SAGE Open,12(2). doi: 10.1177/21582440221095010 

Alajami, A. A., Palau, N., Lopez-Soriano, S., & Pous, R. (2023). A ROS-based distributed multi-robot localization and orientation strategy for heterogeneous robots. Intelligent Service Robotics, 16(2), 177-193. doi: 10.1007/s11370-023­00457-7 

Alarcon, G. M., & Lyons, J. B. (2011). The relationship of engagement and job satisfaction in working samples. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 145(5), 463-480. 

Alazmi, A. A., & Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H. (2022). Principal authentic leadership and teacher engagement in Kuwait’s educational reform context. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 50(3), 392–412. doi: 10.1177/1741143220957339 

Al-Belushi F, & Khan F. R. (2017) Impact of monetary incentives on employee’s motivation: Shinas college of technology, oman-a case study. International Journal of Management, Innovation & Entrepreneurial Research, 2395–7662. doi: 10.18510/ijmier.2017.311 

Alblooshi, M., Shamsuzzaman, M., & Haridy, S. (2021). The relationship between leadership styles and organisational innovation: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(2), 338-370. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2019-0339 

Albrecht, S. L. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice. In: (Ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. 

Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., & Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), 7-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-08­2014-0042 

Aldossari, A. S. (2020). Vision 2030 and reducing the stigma of vocational and technical training among Saudi Arabian students. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 12(3), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-020-00089-6 

Alfaqiri, A. S., Noor, S. F. M., & Sahari, N. (2022). Framework for gamification of online training platforms for employee engagement enhancement. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(6), 159-175. doi: 10.3991/ijim.v16i06.28485 

Ali Ababneh, O. M., Awwad, A. S., & Abu-Haija A. (2021). The association between green human resources practices and employee engagement with environmental initiatives in hotels: The moderation effect of perceived transformational leadership. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 20(3), 390-416. doi: 10.1080/15332845.2021.1923918 

Alias, N. E., Nor, N. M., & Hassan, R. (2014). Examining the mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention in the Information and Technology (IT) organizations in Malaysia. Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies, 227­242. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-426-9_9 

Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management. 29(1), 99-118. 

Almeida, S., Mesquita, S., & Carvalho, I. (2022). The covid-19 impacts on the hospitality industry highlights from experts in portugal. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 28(1), 61-81. doi: 10.20867/THM.28.1.3 

Alola, U.V., & Alafeshat, R. (2021). The impact of human resource practices on employee engagement in the airline industry. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1002/pa.2135 

Alolayyan, M. N, Ali, K. A. M., & Idris, F. (2013). Total quality management and operational flexibility impact on hospitals performance: a structural modelling approach. Int J Product Qual Manag., 11(2), 212–227. 

Alolayyan, M. N., & Alyahya, M.S. (2023). Operational flexibility impact on hospital performance through the roles of employee engagement and management capability. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09029-y 

Al-Omar, H. A., Arafah, A. M., Barakat, J. M., Almutairi, R. D., Khurshid, F., & Alsultan, M. S. (2019). The impact of perceived organizational support and resilience on pharmacists’ engagement in their stressful and competitive workplaces in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27, 1044–1052. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.007 

Alshaabani, A., Hamza, K. A., & Rudnák, I. (2022). Impact of diversity management on employees’ engagement: The role of organizational trust and job insecurity. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1), 420. doi: 10.3390/su14010420 

Ameer, A. B., & Arshad, R. (2016). The role of needs-supplies fit and job satisfaction in predicting employee engagement. Jurnal Pengurusan, 47, 3-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2016-47-01 

Ameyaw, M. A., Sun, B., Antwi, S., Bentum-Micah, G., & Ameyaw, J. E. (2022). Relationship beyond the Workplace: Impact of Guanxi GRX Scale on Employee Engagement and Performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(12), 7364. doi: 10.3390/su14127364 

Amiza, Y., Noremy, C. A., & Fadzlida, S. (2010). Kesediaan pensyarah dalam pelaksanaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran (P&P) menggunakan pendekatan Outcome Based Education (OBE) di Politeknik Port Dickson. Prosiding Seminar Pendidikan Politeknik Port Dickson 2010, Port Dickson. 

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. 

Anderson, M. H., & Sun, P. Y. (2017). Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new ‘ full -range ’ theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 76-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12082 

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308–323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013­0008 

Anser, M. K., Ali, M., Usman, M., Rana, M. L.T., & Yousaf, Z. (2021). Ethical leadership and knowledge hiding: an intervening and interactional analysis. Service Industries Journal, 41(5-6), 307–329. doi: 10.1080/02642069.2020.1739657 

April Yue, C. (2022). The paradox of using public social media for work: The influence of after-hours work communication on employee outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 149, 748-759. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.05.079 

Aquino, C. J. C., Afalla, B. T., & Fabelico, F. L. (2021). Managing educational institutions: School heads’ leadership practices and teachers’ performance. International Journal of Evaluation and Research In Education (IJERE), 10(4). doi: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21518. 

Arifin, N., Fuad, E. N., & Muhson, A. (2022). Innovative behaviour in religious-based theory of planned behaviour perspective. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, a1809. doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.1809 

Arnetz, B. B., & Ekman, R. (2006). Stress in Health and Disease. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany. 

Arwab, M., Adil, M., Nasir, M., & Ali, M. A. (2022). Task performance and training of employees: The mediating role of employee engagement in the tourism and hospitality industry. European Journal of Training and Development. doi: 10.1108/EJTD-01-2022-0008 

Ashfaq, F., Abid, G., & Ilyas, S. (2021). Impact of ethical leadership on employee engagement: Role of self-efficacy and organizational commitment. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11(3), 962-974. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe11030071 

Ashill, N. J., & Rod, M. (2011). Burnout processes in non-clinical health service encounters. Journal of Business Research, 1116-1127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.004 

Astrachan, C. B., Botero, I., Astrachan, J. H., & Prl, R. (2018). Branding the family firm: a review, integrative framework proposal, and research agenda. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 9, 3–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2018.01.002 

Atrazhev, P., & Musilek, P. (2023). It’s All about Reward: Contrasting Joint Rewards and Individual Reward in Centralized Learning Decentralized Execution Algorithms. Systems, 11(4), 180. doi: 10.3390/systems11040180 

Aurier, P., & De Lanauze, G. S. (2012). Impacts of perceived brand relationship orientation on attitudinal loyalty: An application to strong brands in the packaged goods sector. European Journal of Marketing, 46(11), 1602-1627. 

Austin, J. (2000). Performance analysis and performance diagnostics. In J. Austin & J. 

E. Carr (Eds.), Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis (pp. 321-349). Reno, Nevada: Context Press. 

Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F., & Wilson, D. C. (2007). Engaging the aging workforce: The relationship between perceived age similarity, satisfaction with coworkers, and employee engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1542-1556. 

Avery, D. R., Rhue, L. A., & McKay, P. F. (2023). Setting the Stage for Success: How Participation Diversity Can Help Teams Leverage Racioethnic Diversity. Journal of Management, 49(4), 1312-1343. doi: 10.1177/01492063221082522 

Avolio, B. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theorybuilding. American Psychologist, 62(1), 25. 

Awang, Z. (2012). Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphics. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi MARA. 

Awang, Z. (2014). A handbook on SEM for academicians and practitioners: the step by step practical guides for the beginners. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources. 

Awang, Z. (2015). SEM Made Simple: A Gentle Approach to Learning Structural Equation Modelling. Bandar Baru Bangi, MPWS Rich Resources. 

Awang, Z., Lim, S. H., & Zainudin, N. F. S. (2018). Pendekatan mudah SEM: Structural Equation Modelling. Selangor: MPWS Rich Publication. 

Ayuwat, D., Hong-Ngam, J., Narongchai, W., Samorna, S., Pasuta, K., Kingsawat, K., Thinpru, S., Sonman, K., & Auraiampai, N. (2022). Factors influencing employee engagement towards the organisation of Thai university personnel. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 30(2), 232–245. doi: 10.1504/IJBG.2022.122665 

Bachmann, C., Paz Hernandez, A. L., Mller, S., Khalatbarizamanpoor, S., Tschiesche, T., Reißmann, F., Kiesow, L., Ebbert, D., Smirnow, W., Wilken, A., & Dahmen, 

U. (2020). Digital teaching and learning of surgical skills (not only) during the pandemic: a report on a blended learning project. GMS J Med Educ, 37(7), Doc68. https://doi.org/10.3205/zma001361 

Bacon, L. D. (1997). Using Amos for Structural Equation Modelling in Market Research. Chicago, USA: SPSS Inc. 

Baek-Kyoo, J., Bozer, G., & Ready, K. J. (2019). A dimensional analysis of psychological empowerment on engagement. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 6(3), 186-203. 

Bahr, W., Mavrogenis, V., Sweeney, E. (2022). Gamification of warehousing: exploring perspectives of warehouse managers in the UK. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(3), 247-259. doi: 10.1080/13675567.2021.1892042 

Bai, Y., Wang, Z., Alam, M., Gul, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). The impact of authentic leadership on innovative work behavior: Mediating roles of proactive personality and employee engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 879176. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.879176 

Bailey, C. (2022). Employee engagement: Do practitioners care what academics have to say – And should they? Human Resource Management Review, 32 (1), 100589. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.12.014 

Bailey, R., Ries, F., Heck, S., & Scheuer, C. (2023). Active Learning: A Review of European Studies of Active Lessons. Sustainability, 15, 3413. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043413 

Bakker, A. B. (2011). An evidence-based model of work engagement. Current directions in psychological science, 20(4), 265-269. 

Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (Eds.). (2010). (See References). A thorough, far-reaching theoretical analysis of work engagement. 

Bakker, A. B., & Oerlemans, W. (2011). Subjective well-being in organizations. In: Cameron KS and Spreitzer GM (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship. New York: Oxford University Press, 178–189. 

Bakker, A. B., & van Woerkom, M. (2018). Strengths use in organizations: A positive approach of occupational health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 59(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000120 

Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4–28. 

Bal, P. M., Kooij, D. T. A. M., & De Jong, S. B. (2013). How do developmental and accommodative HRM enhance employee engagement and commitment? The role of psychological contract and SOC strategies. Journal of Management Studies, 545–572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12028 

Balan, M. (2019). The current situation of the vocational training system in Romania. Hyperion International Journal of Econophysics & New Economy, 12(1), 117­133. 

Balkar, B., & Alev, S. (2023). Professional engagement and professional values among teachers in Turkish primary schools: Examining the mediating effect of professional efficacy. Psychology in the Schools, 60(3), 638-657. doi: 10.1002/pits.22778 

Bao, C., Zhang, L. J., & Dixon, H. R. (2021). Teacher engagement in language teaching: Investigating self-Efficacy for teaching based on the project “Sino-Greece online Chinese language classrooms”. Front. Psychol. 12, 710736. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710736 

Barkhuizen, N., Rothman, S., & Van de Viljver, F. J. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30(4), 322-332. doi: 10.1002/smi.2520 

Barnová S, Trelová S, Krásna S, Benová E, Hasajová L, Gabrhelová G. (2022). Leadership Styles, Organizational Climate, and School Climate Openness from the Perspective of Slovak Vocational School Teachers. Societies. 12(6), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12060192 

Baron, L., & Boies, K. (2023). Workplace coaching to develop leadership flexibility: the impact of after-event review. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 44(3), 317-329. doi: 10.1108/LODJ-06-2022-0263 

Barr, S., & Askell-Williams, H. (2020). Changes in teachers’ epistemic cognition about self–regulated learning as they engaged in a researcher-facilitated professional learning community. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(2), 187­212. 

Barrick, M., Stewart, G., Neubert, M., & Mount, M. (1998). Relating member ability and personality to work team process and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(3), 377-391. 

Barrick, M., Thurgood, G., Smith, T., & Courtright, S. (2015). Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm level performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 111–135. 

Baskar, B., & Indradevi, R. (2022). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement: An empirical analysis. (2), 208-219. doi: 10.1504/IJPMB.2022.121595 

Bass, B., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, & Managerial Applications. New York: Free Press. 

Bass, Bernard, & Avolio, B. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. New York: Sage. 

Bateman, K., Wilson, S. E., Matthews, K., Gauvreau, A., Gucwa, M., Therrien, W. J., Nevill, R., & Mazurek, M. (2023). Keeping teachers engaged during non-instructional times: An analysis of the effects of a naturalistic intervention. Education Sciences, 13(6), 534. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13060534 

Belay, S., Melese, S., & Seifu, A. (2022). Elevating Teachers’ Professional Capital: Effects of Teachers’ Engagement in Professional Learning and Job Satisfaction, Awi District, Ethiopia. SAGE Open, 12(2), doi: 10.1177/21582440221094592 

Benitez, J., Ruiz, L., & Popovic, A. (2022). Impact of mobile technology-enabled HR gamification on employee performance: An empirical investigation. Information and Management, 59(4), 103647. doi: 10.1016/j.im.2022.103647 

Benmira, S., & Agboola, M. (2021). Evolution of leadership theory. BMJ Leader, 5(1), 1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-000296 

Benn, S., Teo, S. T. T., & Martin, A. (2015). Employee participation and engagement in working for the environment. Personnel Review, 492-510. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-10-2013-0179 

Berber,N.,Slavic,A.,&Aleksic,M.(2020).Relationshipbetweenperceivedteamwork effectiveness and team performance in banking sector of Serbia. Sustainability, 12(20), 8753. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208753 

Bernerth, J. B., Beus, J. M., Helmuth, C. A., & Boyd, T. L. (2023). The more the merrier or too many cooks spoil the pot? A meta-analytic examination of team size and team effectiveness. Journal of Organizational Behavior. doi: 10.1002/job.2708 

Bersin, J. (2014). Why companies fail to engage today’s workforce: The overwhelmed employee. Forbes. Retrived from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jobsbersin/2014/03/15/2hy-companies-fail-to­engage-todays-workforce-the-overwhelmed-employee/#34880e894726 

Bhana, A., & Suknunan, S. (2021). Exploring leadership factors creating employee engagement or disengagement across job grade categories at a public higher education institution in South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1), 317-327. doi:10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.27 

Bhatnagar, J. (2007). Talent management strategy of employee engagement in Indian ITES employees. Employee Relat. 29, 640–663. doi: 10.1108/01425450710826122 

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices (2nd ed.). Zurich, Switzerland: Creative Commons Attribution. 

Bhayana, C., Gupta, V., & Sharda, K. (2021). The Role of Shared Leadership in Managing Conflicts in Multigenerational Teams: A Research Framework. Business Perspectives and Research, 9(2), 252-268. doi: 10.1177/2278533720964928 

Biggadike, C., Ahumada-Tello, E., Evans, R., & Wehde, M. (2023). Cultural Hierarchies, Leadership, and Employee Happiness. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 1-9. doi: 10.1109/EMR.2023.3275188 

Bishop, W., Scott, K., & Burroughs, S. (2000). Support, commitment, and employee outcomes in a team environment. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1113-1132. 

Biswas, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2013). Mediator analysis of employee engagement: Role of perceived organizational support, p-o fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 38(1), 27-40. 

Blanchard, M. D., Kleitman, S., & Aidman, E. (2023). Are two naïve and distributed heads better than one? Factors influencing the performance of teams in a challenging real-time task. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1042710. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1042710 

Blau, P.M. (1964a). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2), 193-206. 

Blau, P.M. (1964b). Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley. 

Blessing White. (2006). Employee Engagement Report 2006. Blessing White, Inc. Princeton, New Jersey. [Online] 

Boccoli, G., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2022). The evolution of employee engagement: Towards a social and contextual construct for balancing individual performance and wellbeing dynamically. International Journal of Management Reviews, 1­24. doi: 10.1111/ijmr.12304 

Bkerman, P., & Ilmakunnas, P. (2012). The job satisfaction-productivity nexus: A study using matched survey and register data. ILR Review, 65(2), 244-262. 

Bolívar, A. (2011). Aprender a liderar líderes. Competencias para un liderazgo directivo que promueva el liderazgo docente. Educar, 47(2), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/educar.50 

Boone, J., Harry, N., & Deborah, A. (2012). Analyzing likert data. Journal of Extension, 50(2). 

Bouichou, S. I., Wang, L., & Feroz, H. M. B. (2022). How corporate social responsibility perceptions affect employees’ positive behavior in the hospitality industry: Moderating role of responsible leadership. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 19(2), 413-446. doi: 10.1007/s12208-021­00309-z 

Bowers, A., Wu, J., Lustig, S., & Nemecek, D. (2022). Loneliness influences avoidable absenteeism and turnover intention reported by adult workers in the United States. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 9(2), 312-335. doi: 10.1108/JOEPP-03-2021-0076 

Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270–283. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.006 

Breevaart, K., Bakker, A, Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., & Espevik, R. (2013). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 138­157. doi:10.1111/joop.12041 

Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Derks, D. (2016). Who takes the lead? A multi-source diary study on leadership, work engagement, and job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(3), 309­325. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2041 

Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen O. K., & Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 138–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12041 

Buengeler, C., & Den Hartog, D. (2015). National diversity and team performance: The moderating role of interactional justice climate. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(6), 831–855. 

Buhler, P. (2006). Engaging the workforce: A critical initiative for all organizations. Super Vision, 67(9), 18-20. 

Bullock, J. B., Stritch, J. M., & Rainey, H. G. (2015). International comparison of public and private employees’ work motives, attitudes, and perceived rewards. Public Administration Review, 75(3), 479–489. 

Burgess, R. L., & Huston, T. L. (1979). Social exchange in developing relationships (1st ed.). Academic Press. 

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Rowe. 

Byrne, N., & Eddy, E. (2023). The importance of shared cognitions of team member expertise when building a high-performing team. Team Performance Management, 29(1-2), 45–62. doi: 10.1108/TPM-06-2022-0048 

Byrne, N., & Eddy, E. (2023). The importance of shared cognitions of team member expertise when building a high-performing team. Team Performance Management, 29(1-2), 45–62. doi: 10.1108/TPM-06-2022-0048 

Cai, Y., Wang, L., Bi, Y., & Tang, R. (2022). How Can the Professional Community Influence Teachers’ Work Engagement? The Mediating Role of Teacher Self-Efficacy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(16), 10029. doi: 10.3390/su141610029 

Califf, C. B., & Brooks, S. (2020). An empirical study of techno-stressors, literacy facilitation, burnout, and turnover intention as experienced by K-12 teachers. Computers & Education, 157, 103971. 

Callea, A., Urbini, F., Benevene, P., Cortini, M., Di Lemma, L., & West, M. (2014). Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Italian version of the “Aston Team Performance Inventory”. Team Performance Management, 20(1/2), 6-18. doi: 10.1108/TPM-05-2013-0016 

Campbell, C., Lieberman, A., & Anna Yashkina, A. (2016). Developing professional capital in policy and practice. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 1(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-03-2016-0004 

Cao, Y., Liu, J., Liu, K., Yang, M., & Liu, Y. (2019). The mediating role of organizational commitment between calling and work engagement of nurses: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 6, 309–314. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.05.004 

Carasco-Saul, M., Kim, W., & Kim, T. (2015). Leadership and employee engagement: Proposing research agendas through a review of literature. Human Resource Development Review, 14, 38–63. 

Cardon, P., Okoro, E. A., Priest, R., & Patton, G. (2023). Communication Apprehension in the Workplace: Focusing on Inclusion. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 86(1), 52–75. doi: 10.1177/23294906221129599 

Carpentier, M. V., Stockman, S., Schollaert, E., Van Theemsche, B., & Jacobs, G. (2017). Recruiting nurses through social media: Effects on employer brand and attractiveness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73, 2696–2708. doi: 10.1111/jan.13336 

Carrell, W. S., Ellinger, A. D., Nimon, K. F., & Kim, S. (2022). Examining the relationships among managerial coaching, perceived organizational support, and job engagement in the US higher education context. European Journal of Training and Development, 46(5-6), 563-584. doi: 10.1108/EJTD-10-2020­0145 

Carter, B. (2015). 4 dramatic shifts in the workplace that will positively affect employee engagement [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.accessdevelopment.com/4­dramatic-shifts-in-the-workplace-that-will-positively-affect-employee­engagement 

Cassell, C., Watson, K., Ford, J., & Kele, J. (2022). Understanding inclusion in the retail industry: incorporating the majority perspective. Personnel Review, 51(1), 230– 250. doi: 10.1108/PR-02-2020-0083 

Caton, J. B., Chung, S., Adeniji, N., Hom, J., Brar, K., Gallant, A., Bryant, M., Hain, A., Basaviah, P., & Hosamani, P. (2020). Student engagement in the online classroom: comparing preclinical medical student question-asking behaviors in a videoconference versus in -person learning environment. FASEB Bioadv, 3(2), 110–7. https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2020-00089 

Cesário, F., & Chambel, M. J. (2017). Linking organizational commitment and work engagement to employee performance. Knowledge and Process Management, 24(2), 152-158. 

Chaaban, Y., Sawalhi, R., & Du, X. (2022). Exploring teacher leadership for professional learning in response to educational disruption in Qatar. Professional Development in Education 48(3), 426–443. doi: 10.1080/19415257.2021.1973070 

Chadi, A., & Homolka, K. (2023). Under (peer) pressure: Experimental evidence on team size and task performance. Managerial and Decision Economics. doi: 10.1002/mde.3906 

Chahal, H., Gupta, M., & Lonial, S. (2018). Operational flexibility in hospitals: scale development and validation. Int J Prod Res, 56(10), 3733–3755. 

Chambers Mack, J., Johnson, A., Jones-Rincon, A., Tsatenawa, V., & Howard, K. (2019). Why do teachers leave? A comprehensive occupational health study evaluating intent-to-quit in public school teachers. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 24(1), 1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12160 

Chang, P.-C., Sun, K., & Wu, T. (2022). A study on the mechanisms of strengths-based psychological climate on employee innovation performance: a moderated mediation model. Chinese Management Studies, 16(2), 422-445. doi: 10.1108/CMS-09-2020-0374 

Chapman, K. J., & Meuter, M. L. (2023). The influence and mitigation of bad apples on group dynamics and outcomes. Journal of Education for Business. doi: 10.1080/08832323.2023.2208812 

Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). (2007). Employee engagement. Retrived August 17, 2018 from http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/empreltns/general/empengmt.htm?IsSrchRes= 1 

Chathoth, P. K., Chan, E. S. W., Harrington, R. J., Okumus, F., & Song, Z. (2022). The Role of Organizational Factors on Employee Engagement and Hospitality Service Co-creation. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(4), 756-777. doi: 10.1080/19388160.2021.1972068 

Chen, S. (2017). Cross-level effects of high-commitment  work systems  on work engagement:  the  mediating role of psychological capital. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12144 

Chen, I. S. Y. (2022). Driving lateral collaboration effectiveness across multinational enterprises: The antecedents and consequences. Human Resource Management Journal, 32(2), 406-429. doi: 10.1111/1748-8583.12390 

Chen, M. -H., Agrawal, S., Lin, S. -M., & Liang, W. -L. (2023). Learning communities, social media, and learning performance: Transactive memory system perspective. Computers and Education, 203, 104845. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104845 

Chen, S. (2017). Cross-level effects of high-commitment work systems on work engagement: the mediating role of psychological capital. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12144 

Chen, Y., Tang, G., Jin, J., Xie, Q. and Li, J. (2014), Leadership and Product Innovation Performance. J Prod Innov Manag, 31, 2-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12188 

Cheng, S., Kuo, C.-C., Chen, H.-C., Lin, M.-C. (2022). The impact of perceived organizational care on employee engagement: a moderated mediation model of psychological capital and managing boundaries. Journal of Career Development. doi: 10.1177/08948453211070829 

Cherkowski, S. (2018). Positive teacher leadership: Building mindsets and capacities to grow wellbeing. International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 9(1), 63–78. 

Chiotis, K., & Michaelides, G. (2022). Crossover of work engagement: The moderating role of agreeableness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7622. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137622 

Chiu, C.-M. & Wang, E. T. G. (2008). Understanding web-based learning continuance intention: The role of subjective task value. Information & Management, 45(3), 194-201. 

Chou, S., & Stauffer, J. (2016). A theoretical classification of helping behaviour and helping motives. Personnel Review, 45(5), 871-888. 

Choudhary, P. K., Routray, S., Upadhyay, P., & Pani, A. K. (2022). Adoption of enterprise mobile systems – An alternative theoretical perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 102539. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102539 

Choudhury, A., Dutta, A., & Dutta, S. (2022). An analysis of employee happiness, engagement and organisational commitment in the banking sector of India. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 24(1-2), 159-175. doi: 10.1504/IJEBR.2022.124284 

Choudhury, S., Mohapatra, A. K. D., & Mohanty, M. K. (2021). Factors predicting employee engagement in Indian manufacturing sector. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 38(1), 92-109. doi: 10.1504/IJSOM.2021.112520 

Choudhury, S.S., & Chatterjee, D. (2022). CGPL—Survival Through Engagement at a Time of Turbulence. Global Business Review, 23(2), 460-478. doi: 10.1177/0972150919862944 

Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S. & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel psychology, 89-136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744­6570.2010.01203.x 

Clayton, B., & Harris, R. (2019). Addressing the challenge of building teacher expertise in vocational education and training. International Journal of Training Research, 17(1), 1-3. doi: 10.1080/14480220.2019.1612635 

Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. G. (2003). SPSS analysis without anguish: Version 11.0 for Windows. Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd. 

Coffman, C. (2000). Is Your Company Bleeding Talent? How to become a true “employer of choice”. The Gallup Management Journal, 2000. The Gallup Organization, Princeton, NJ. 

Coffman, C., & Gonzalez-Molina, G. (2002). Follow this Path: How the world’s greatest organizations drive growth by unleashing human potential. New York Warner Books, Inc. 

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. 

Cole, M. S., Schaninger, W. S., & Harris, S. G. (2002). The Workplace Social Exchange NetworkA Multilevel, Conceptual Examination. Group & Organization Management, 27(1):142-167. doi: 10.1177/1059601102027001008 

Cole, M. S., Walter, F., Bedeian, A. G., & O'Boyle, E. H. (2012). Job burnout and employee engagement: A meta-analytic examination of construct proliferation. Journal of Management, 38(5), 1550-1581. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311415252 

Contreras, T. S. (2016). Liderazgo pedagico, liderazgo docente y su papel en la mejora de la escuela: una aproximacin terica. Propitos y Representaciones, 4(2), 231–284. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2016.v4n2.123 

Cook, K. S., & Rice, E. (2003). Social exchange theory. In J. Delamater (Ed.),Handbook of social psychology (pp. 53–76). New York, NY: KluwerAcademic/Plenum Publishers. 

Cook, S. (2008). What is employee engagement? London, GBR: Kogan Page Publishers. Retrieved from https://www.custominsight.com/employee­engagement-survey/what-is-employee-engagement.asp 

Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Paterson, N. L., Stadler, M. J., & Saks, A. M. (2014). The relative importance of proactive behaviors and outcomes for predicting newcomer learning, well-being, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84, 318-331. doi:10.1016/j,jvb.2014.02.007 

Cosenza, M. N. (2015). Defining teacher leadership: Affirming the teacher leader model standards. Issues in Teacher Education, 24(2), 79–99. 

Costa, J., Pádua, M., & Moreira, A. C. (2023). Leadership Styles and Innovation Management: What Is the Role of Human Capital? Administrative Sciences 13(47), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020047 

Costa, P., Passos, A., Bakker, A., Romana, R., & Ferrao, C. (2017). Interactions in engaged work teams: A qualitative study. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 23(5/6), 206-226. 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry & research design choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angelas, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 

Cropanzano, R., & Mictchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31, 874-900. 

Crowther, F., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2009). Developing teacher leaders: How teacher leadership enhances school success. USA: Corwin Press. 

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. Basic Books. 

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2020). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. Hachette UK. 

Currie, G., & White, L. (2012). Inter-professional barriers and knowledge brokering in an organizational context: The case of healthcare. Organization Studies, 33(10), 1333–1361. 

Da'as, R. (2023). Teacher's engagement in creativity: The role of school middle leaders' values, team diversity and team knowledge self-efficacy, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101346. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101346 

Dahling, J., Taylor, S., Chau, S., & Dwight, S. (2016). Does coaching matter? A multilevel model linking managerial coaching skill and frequency to sales goal attainment. Personnel Psychology, 69(4), 863–894. 

Daniel, K., & Kahn. R. L. (1978) The social psychology of organizations (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. 

Darusalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2016). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya. 

Das, M., Mehra, S., & Singh, V. (2022). Mediating role of emotional intelligence between employee engagement and job satisfaction in Indian IT sector. International Journal of Management Practice, 15(2), 235-252. doi: 10.1504/IJMP.2022.121154 

Daud, S., & Wan Hanafi, W. N. (2018). Blue ocean leadership style and strategic decision making among leaders at government link companies (GLCs): The role of emotional intelligence as moderator. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 10(3), 816-827. 

Davies, G., Mete, M., & Whelan, S. (2018). When employer brand image aids employee satisfaction and engagement. Journal of Organizational Effectivenes: People and Performance, 5, 64–80. doi: 10.1108/JOEPP-03-2017-0028 

Davis, E. A., & Palincsar, A. S. (2023). Engagement in high-leverage science teaching practices among novice elementary teachers. Science Education, 107(2), 291­332. doi: 10.1002/sce.21766 

De Mello E Souza Wildermuth, C., & Pauken, P. D. (2008). A perfect match: decoding employee engagement–Part I: Engaging cultures and leaders. Industrial and Commercial Training, 40(3), 122-128. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233494053_A_perfect_match_Deco ding_employee_engagement_-_Part_I_Engaging_cultures_and_leaders 

De Paola, M., Gioia, F., & Scoppa, V. (2022). Female leadership: Effectiveness and perception. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 201, 134-162. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2022.07.016 

Deeb, C. (2019). What happens to an organization with bad management? Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/happens-organization-bad-management­

34749.html 

Delaney, L. (2023). Leadership as a Process in Dispersed Organizations. Monarch Research Paper Series, 2(1). 

Denis, Jean-Louis, Langley, Ann, & Sergi, Viviane (2012). Leadership in the plural. Academy of Management Annals, 6, 211–283. 

Denton, M., & Vloeberghs, D. (2003). Leadership challenges for organisations in the new South Africa. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(2), 84­

95. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235313012_Leadership_challenges_ for_organisations_in_the_New_South_Africa 

DeOrtentiis, P. S., Summers, J. K., Ammeter, A. P., Douglas, C., & Ferris, G. R. (2013). Cohesion and satisfaction as mediators of the team trust -team effectiveness relationship: An interdependence theory perspective. Career Development International, 18(5), 521-543. doi: 10.1108/CDI-03-2013-0035 

DeRue, D. Scott, & Ashford, Susan J. (2010). Who will lead and who will follow? A social process of leadership identity construction in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 35, 627–647. 

DeShon, R. P., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Schmidt, A. M., Milner, K. R., & Wiechmann, D. (2004). A multiple-goal, multilevel model of feedback effects on the regulation of individual and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 1035–1056. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.1035 

Dikkers, J., Jansen, P., Lange, A., Vinkenburg, C., & Kooij, D. (2010). Proactivity, job characterisitcs, and engagement: a longitudinal study. Career Development International, 15(1), 59-77. 

Dimitrov, D. (2015). Leadership in a humane organization. European Journal of Training and Development, 39(2), 122-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-07­2014-0051 

Dirani, K. M., Abadi, M., Alizadeh, A., Barhate, B., Garza, R. C., Gunasekara, N., Ibrahim, G., & Majzun, Z. (2020). Leadership competencies and the essential role of human resource development in times of crisis: a response to Covid-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 380-394, doi: 10.1080/13678868.2020.1780078 

Drath, Wilfred H., McCauley, Cynthia D., Palus, Charles J., Van Velsor, Ellen, O’Connor, Patricia M. G., & McGuire, John B. (2008). Direction, alignment, commitment: Toward a more integrative ontology of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 19, 635–653. 

Dua, A. K., Farooq, A., & Rai, S. (2023). Ethical leadership and its influence on employee voice behavior: role of demographic variables. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(2), 213-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-10-2021­0200 

Durai, K., & Viji, R. (2022). Impact of talent management practices on organisational engagement in start-ups in India. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 25(2), 138-156. doi: 10.17512/pjms.2022.25.2.09 

Durksen, T. L., Klassen, R. M., & Daniels, L. M. (2017). Motivation and collaboration: The keys to a developmental framework for teachers’ professional learning. Teaching and teacher education, 67, 53-66. 

Duthler G., & Dhanesh, G.S. (2018). The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and internal CSR communication in predicting employee engagement: Perspectives from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Public Relations Review, 44(4), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.04.001 

Dutta, D., Mishra, S. K., & Tyagi, D. (2022). Augmented employee voice and employee engagement using artificial intelligence-enabled chatbots: A field study. International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2085525 

Dutu, R., & Butucescu, A. (2019). On the link between transformational leadership and employees’ work engagement: the role of psychological empowerment. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 17, 42–73. doi: 10.24837/pru.v17i2.291 

Dyer, E. B., Jarry-Shore, M., Fong, A., Deutscher, R., Carlson, J., & Borko, H. (2023). Teachers’ engagement with student mathematical agency and authority in school-based professional learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 103881. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103881 

Dymock, D., & Tyler, M. (2018). Towards a more systematic approach to continuing professional development in vocational education and training. Studies in Continuing Education, 40(2), 198-211. 

Edwards, B., Bell, S., Arthur, J., & Decuir, A. (2008). Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance. Applied Psychology, 57(3), 441-465. 

Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 51-59. 

Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565 

Eldor, L., & Harpaz, I. (2016). A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra-role performance behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(2), 213–235. 

Eldor, L., & Harpaz, I. (2016). A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra-role performance behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 213–235. 

Elena, H. (2010). Roots and consequences of the employee disengagement phenomemom (Master’s thesis). Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta. 

Ellis, C. M., & Sorensen, A. (2007). Assessing employee engagement: The key to improving productivity perspectives, 15(1), The Segal Group, Inc. 

Eman, G., Hernández, A., & Romá, V. G. (2023). Charismatic leadership, intra-team communication quality, and team performance: The role of average leadership perceptions and their homogeneity. European Management Journal. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2023.04.011 

Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review Social, 2(1), 335–362. 

Emhan, A. (2012). Relationship among managerial support, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A comparative study of nonprofit, for-profit and public sectors in Turkey. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 2(5), 179-190. 

Emplify. (2020). Employee engagement trends 2020. Retrieved from https://emplify.com/resource/2020-employee-engagement-trends-report/ 

Empson, L. (2017). Leading professionals: Power, politics, and prima donnas. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Empson, L., & Langley, A. (2015). Leadership and professionals. In Laura Empson, Daniel Muzio, Joseph P. Broschak, & Bob Hinings (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of professional service firms (pp.163–188). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Engome Tchupo, D., & Macht, G. A. (2023). Entropy for team communication pattern recognition. Applied Ergonomics, 111, 104038. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104038 

Eugene, O. K., & Nor, K. (2011). Individual factors and knowledge sharing. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1), 66-72. 

Evans, K., Papinniemi, A., Vuvan, V., Nicholson, V., Dafny, H., Levy, T., & Chipchase, 

L. (2022). The first year of private practice -new graduate physiotherapists are highly engaged and satisfied but edging toward burnout. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2113005 

Fadilah Puteh, Maniam Kaliannan & Nafis Alam. (2015). Assessing Gen Y impact on organisational performance: An analysis from top management perspective. Journal of Administrative Science, 12(1), 47-59. 

Falcone, P. (2006). Preserving restless top performers: Keep your top performers engaged so they don’t jump ship once job opportunities arise. HR Magazine, 51(3), 117–122. 

Farndale, E., & Murrer, I. (2015). Job resources and employee engagement: A cross-national study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30, 610-626. doi:10.1108/jmp-09-2013-0318 

Fateme, B., Omid, A. K., & Mohammad, R. R. (2017). Investigating the moderating effect of career growth on the relationship between job resources and job engagement: the case of vice chancellor for planning and development of mashhad municipality. International Journal of Management Development, 10, 480–489. 

Ferdousi, S., & Rony, M. K. K. (2022). Combatting workplace violence against nurses in Bangladesh. Belitung Nursing Journal, 8(3), 275-276. doi: 10.33546/bnj.2079 

Fernández, V., & Lez, J. (2022). Educa la alianza. Liderazgo en los colegios. In V. Fernández, C. Granados, & J. A. Granados (Eds.), Pedagogía y virtudes. La excelencia en el camino del amor (pp. 121–142). Didaskalos. 

Finn, R., & Waring, J. (2006). Organisational barriers to architectural knowledge and teamwork in operating theatres. Public Money & Management, 26(2), 117–124. 

Fookolaee, S. P., Talebishelimaki, S., Tahmasebi, H., Arab, M., Akbarnatajbishe, K., Darvish-Khezri, H., & Kosaryan, M. (2021). The efect of E-learning on lifestyle in adolescents with thalassemia major. Adv Nurs Midwifery, 30(2), 15–9. 

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. 

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, E. W. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. 

Frare, A. B., Barbieri Colombo, V. L., & Beuren, I. M. (2022). Performance measurement systems, environmental satisfaction, and green work engagement. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 33(90), e1503. doi: 10.1590/1808­057X20211503.EN 

Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Why positive emotions matter in organizations: lessons from the broaden-and-build model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 4, 131–142. doi: 10.1037/h0095887 

Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001), Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st future trends. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 19, 7/8. 

Fries, L. (2021). Styles and leadership behaviors in family firms: A systematic literature review. J. Fam. Bus. Strateg., 12. 

Friesen, S., & Brown, B. (2022). Teacher leaders: Developing collective responsibility through design-based professional learning. Teaching Education, 33(3), 254– 271. 

Frondozo, C. E., King, R. B., Nalipay, M. J. N., & Mordeno, I. G. (2022). Mindsets matter for teachers, too: Growth mindset about teaching ability predicts teachers’ enjoyment and engagement. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5030–5033. doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01008-4 

Fu, N., Flood, P. C., Rousseau, D. M., Morris, T., & Johnstone, M. (2023). When are clients helpful? Capitalising on client involvement in professional service delivery. PLoS ONE, 18, e0280738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280738 

Fucinato, K., Niebuhr, O., Nrskov, S., & Fischer, K. (2023). Charismatic speech features in robot instructions enhance team creativity. Frontiers in Communication, 8, 1115360. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1115360 

Fullan, M. (2016). Amplify change with professional capital. Journal of Staff Development, 37(1), 44–56. 

Furtado, L., & Sobral, F. (2023). What Works for Me Does Not Work for Us: Exploring the Relationships Between LMX Differentiation and Individual and Team Performance. Journal of Business and Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s10869-023­09889-5 

Gabel Shemueli, R., Sully de Luque, M.F., Bahamonde, D. (2021). The role of leadership and engagement in call center performance: Answering the call in Peru. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(2), 265-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2019-0166 

Gagnon, M. A., & Michael, J. H. (2004). Outcomes of perceived supervisor support for wood production employees. Forest Products Journal, 54, 172-177. 

Gallup. (2013). Worldwide, 13% of Employees are engaged at work. State of the Global Workplace. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703993104 

Gallup. (2017). State of Global Workplace. Gallup Inc, Washigton, USA. 

Ganga-Contreras, F., Acu-Hormazábal, A., Ceballos-Garrido, P., Pons-Peregort, O., & Araya-Castillo, L. (2022). Perception of Healthy Organizational Practices of Workers in the Chilean Educational Sector and Impact on Their Levels of Engagement and Burnout. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20), 13671. doi: 10.3390/su142013671 

Gargantini, T., Daly, M., Sherlock, J., & Lazebnik, T. (2022). Providing safe space for honest mistakes in the public sector is the most important predictor for work engagement after strategic clarity. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(12), 7051. doi: 10.3390/su14127051 

Garrad, L., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2016). The dark side of high employee engagement. Harvard business review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-dark-side-of-high-employee-engagement 

Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions. Asheboro, NC USA: Statistical Associates Publishing. 

Garson, G. D. (2013). Scales and measures. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishers. 

Gaskin, J. (2012). Exploratory Factor Analysis. Gaskination’s StatWiki. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com 

Gaskin, J. (2013). Data Screening. Gaskination’s StatWiki. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/index.php?title+Data_screening&oldid=498 0 

Gaziel, H. H., & Ifanti, A. A. (2021). Organizational and Personal Factors in Teachers’ Engagement to Work Activities. Educational Practice and Theory, 43(2), 53– 67. doi: 10.7459/ept/43.2.05 

Gebauer, J., & Lowman, D. (2009). Closing the engagement gap: How great companies unlock employee potential for superior results. New York: Portfolio. 

Getto, B. (2020). Managing the Digital Change in Higher Education. In Redesigning Organizations (pp. 365-371). Springer, Cham. 

Ghamrawi, N. (2010). No teacher left behind: Subject leadership that promotes teacher leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 38(3), 304–320. doi:10.1177/1741143209359713 

Ghamrawi, N. (2011). Trust me: Your school can be better—A message from teachers to principals. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(3), 333–348. doi:10.1177/1741143210393997 

Ghamrawi, N. (2013). Teachers helping teachers: A professional development model that promotes teacher leadership. International Education Studies, 6(4), 171– 182. 

Ghamrawi, N., Shal, T., & Ghamrawi, N.A.R. (2023). The Rise and Fall of Teacher Leadership: A Post-Pandemic Phenomenological Study. Leadership and Policy in Schools. doi: 10.1080/15700763.2023.2197045 

Ghyasi, M., & Gurbuz, N. (2023). Emotional labor and emotional capital: An interpretive phenomenological analysis of teachers of English. PLoS ONE, 18(4): e0283981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283981 

Gibbs, M., & Poisat, P. (2019). Educator Engagement: Key to High Performance of School Operational teams in South African Secondary Schools. Africa Education Review, 16(4), 37-52. doi: 10.1080/18146627.2017.1394166 

Gil, A.J., Rodrigo-Moya, B. and Morcillo-Bellido, J. (2018). The effect of leadership in the development of innovation capacity: A learning organization perspective. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(6), 694-711. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2017-0399 

Gil-Flores, J., Rodríguez-Santero, J., & Torres-Gordillo, J. J. (2017). Factors that explain the use of ICT in secondary-education classrooms: The role of teacher characteristics and school infrastructure. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 441-449. 

Gilitwala, B., & Nag, A. K. (2020). Leadership influence on employee outcomes through job resources and employee engagement. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(8), 9970-9982. 

Gilson, L., & Shalley, C. (2004). A little creativity goes a longway: An examination of teams’ engagement in creative processes. Journal of Management, 30, 453–470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.07.001 

Gkonou, C., & Miller, E. R. (2020). An exploration of language teacher reflection, emotional labor, and emotional capital. TESOL Quarterly, 55(1), 134–155. 

Gladka, O., Fedorova, V., & Dohadailo, Y. (2022). Development of conceptual bases of the employee life cycle within an organization. Business: Theory and Practice, 23(1), 39-52. doi: 10.3846/btp.2022.13510 

Glowach, T., Mitchell, R., Bennett, T., Donaldson, L., Jefferson, J., Panford, L., Saleh, A., Smee, K., Wells-Dion, B., & Hemmings, E. (2023). Curriculum Journal, 34(1), 100–117. doi: 10.1002/curj.186 

Goh, S. C., & Pavic, I. (2013). Applying action learning to executive management training and development: integrating reflections, experience, content and action. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 23-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhrdm.2013.052149 

Gorgievski, M. J., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2008). Work can burn us out or fire us up: conservation of resources in burnout and engagement. In: Halbesleben, J.R.B., Ed., Handbook of Stress and Burnout in Health Care, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, 7-22. 

Gowri, P. A., & Mariammal, M. (2012). Factorial dimensions of employee engagement in public and private sector banks. Bonfring International Journal of Data Mining, 2(4), 1-5. doi:10.9756/BIJDM.3065 

Greener, S., & Martelli, J. (2018). An introduction to business research methods (3rd ed.). Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University. 

Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 423–451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00120-0 

Grubert, T., Steuber, J. & Meynhardt, T. (2022). Engagement at a higher level: The effects of public value on employee engagement, the organization, and society. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03076-0 

Gruman, J. A. &. Saks, A. M. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 123-136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004 

Grutterink, H., Van der Vegt, G. S., Molleman, E., & Jehn, K. A. (2013). Reciprocal expertise affirmation and shared expertise perceptions in work teams: Their implications for coordinated action and team performance. Applied Psychology, 62(3), 359–381. 

Gunathilaka, C., Wickramasinghe, R. S., & Jais, M. (2022). COVID-19 and the Adaptive Role of Educators: The Impact of Digital Literacy and Psychological Well-Being on Education—A PLS-SEM Approach. International Journal of Educational Reform, 31(4), 397-421. doi: 10.1177/10567879221113546 

Gupta, N., & Sharma, V. (2016). Exploring employee engagement – a way to better business performance. Global Business Review, 17(3), 45-63. 

Hackman, J. R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 315-342). New York: Prentice Hall. 

Hadi, N. U., & Chaudhary, A. (2021). Impact of shared leadership on team performance through team reflexivity: examining the moderating role of task complexity. Team Performance Management, 27(5-6), 391-405. doi: 10.1108/TPM-10­2020-0085 

Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), 283-297. 

Hagemann, V., Watermann, L., Klonek, F., & Heinicke, C. (2023). Communication quality affects performance of astronauts and support teams through increased workload: Insights from the AMADEE-20 analog Mars mission. Acta Astronautica, 210, 162–175. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.05.021 

Hagen, M., & Aguilar, M. (2012). The impact of managerial coaching on learning outcomes within the team context: An analysis. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(3), 363–388. 

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. 

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. 

Hair, J. F., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2007). Research methods for business. Chichester: John Willey & Sons Ltd. 

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). Pls-Sem: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-151. 

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433. 

Hakim, A., & Afriany, J. (2023). The effect of leadership style and supervision on employee performance. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(1), 443-450. doi: https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/1201 

Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2010). A meta-analysis of work engagament: Relationships with burnout, demands, resources, and consequences. In Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research, edited by A.B. Bakker & M.P. Leiter, 102-117. New York: Psychology Press. 

Hameduddin, T., & Lee, H. (2022). Sexual harassment and employee engagement: Exploring the roles of gender, perceived supervisory support, and gender equity climate. Review of Public Personnel Administration. doi: 10.1177/0734371X221095404 

Hammon, S. D., Gillis, W. E., & Icenogle, M. L. (2022). From social responsibility to employee engagement: evidence from the public sector. Journal of Management and Governance. doi: 10.1007/s10997-022-09648-3 

Han, S. J., Lee, Y., Beyerlein, M., & Kolb, J. (2017). Shared leadership in teams: The role of coordination, goal commitment, and knowledge sharing on perceived team performance. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 1-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-11-2016-0050 

Hanapi, Z., Nordin, M. S., & Khamis, A. (2015). Challenges faced by engineering lecturers in integrating technical and employability skills in the curriculum: A case study in community college, Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(5), 483-486. 

Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2012). Professional capital: Transforming teaching in every school. Teachers College Press. 

Harper-Hill, K., Beamish, W., Hay, S., Whelan,M., Kerr, J., Zelenko, O., & Villalba, 

C. (2022). Teacher engagement in professional learning: what makes the difference to teacher practice? Studies in Continuing Education, 44(1), 105-118. doi: 10.1080/0158037X.2020.1781611 

Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 

Harris, A. (2005). Teacher leadership: More than just a feel-good factor? Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 201–219. 

Harris, A. (2020). COVID-19–school leadership in crisis? Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(3/4), 321–326. doi:10.1108/JPCC-06-2020-0045 

Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2020). COVID 19–school leadership in disruptive times. School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 243–247. doi:10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479 

Harris, A., & Jones, M. S. (2017). Professional learning communities: A strategy for school and system improvement? Wales Journal of Education, 19(1), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.16922/wje.19.1.2 

Harris, J., & Elliott, I.C. (2020). Improving employee engagement and distributed leadership through lean systems process mapping. British Journal of Health Care Management, 26(12). doi: 10.12968/bjhc.2020.0061 

Harrison, D. A., Newman, D. A., & Roth, P. L. (2006). How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytic comparisons of integrative behavioural outcomes and time sequences. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 305-325. 

Harter, J. K, Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268-279. doi: https://psycnet.apa.org/ doi/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268 

Hasan, H., Nikmah, F., & Sudarmiatin. (2022). Bank employees’ problems due to the imbalance of work and family demands. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 176– 185. doi: 10.21511/BBS.17(1).2022.15 

Hasselgren, C., Dellve, L., & Gillberg, G. (2021). Conditions for distributed leadership practices among managers in elder and disability care organizations: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, 100049. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100049 

Hawkins, D., & Ghaziri, M. E. (2022). Violence in health care: trends and disparities, bureau of labor statistics survey data of occupational injuries and illnesses, 2011–2017. Workplace Health and Safety, 70(3), 136–147. doi: 10.1177/21650799221079045 

Hawkins, E., Grant, K., Szabo, M., & Hewett, K. (2022). Developing and refining a process to improve teacher engagement with the performance management system in a school setting. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 27(3-4), 157–165. doi: 10.1108/TLDR-01-2022-0002 

He, H., & Hu, Y. (2021). The dynamic impacts of shared leadership and the transactive memory system on team performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Business Research, 130, 14–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.007 

He, H., Chao, M. M., & Zhu, W. (2019). Cause-related marketing and employee engagement: The roles of admiration, implicit morality beliefs, and moral identity. Journal of Business Research, 95, 83-92. 

Healthfield, B. (2011). Human capital: A theoretical & empirical analysis with special reference to education analysis. University of Chicago Press. 

Heintzman, R., & Marson, B. (2005). People, service and trust: Links in a public sector service value chain. International Review of Administrative Studies, 7(4), 549­575. 

Hendriks, M., Burger, M., & Commandeur, H. (2022). The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement. Review of Managerial Science. doi: 10.1007/s11846-022-00538-4 

Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565-580. 

Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing (AIM), 20, 277-320. 

Hewitt, A. (2015). Trends in Global Employee Engagement. Aon Hewitt Corp. Available online: http://www.aon.com/attachments/human-capital-consulting/2015-Trends-in-Global-Employee-Engagement-Report.pdf (accessed on 15 May 2022) 

Heyns, M. M., McCallaghan, S., & de Wet, E. H. (2022). The role of supervisor support and basic psychological needs in predicting work engagement, burnout and turnover intentions in a medical contract research service setting. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(6), 2981-2988. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.009 

Ho, R. (2014). Handbook of Univariate and Multivariate Data Analysis with IBM SPSS. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC. doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/b15605 

Ho, V. T., & Astakhova, M. N. (2020). The passion bug: How and when do leaders inspire work passion? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(5), 424-444. 

Ho, V., Wong, S-S., & Lee, C. H. (2011). A tale of passion: Linking job passion and cognitive engagement to employee work performance. Management Faculty Publications, 48, 1-43. Retrieved from http://scholarship.richmond.edu/management-faculty-publications/48 

Holbeche, L., & Springett, N. (2003). In search of meaning in the workplace. Horsham: Roffey Park. 

Holmes-Smith, P., Coote, L., & Cunningham, E. (2006). Structural equation modeling: From the fundamentals to advanced topics. Melbourne: SREAMS. 

Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Socialogy, 63(6), 597-606. 

Hoon Song, J., Kolb, J. A., Hee Lee, U., & Kyoung Kim, H. (2012). Role of transformational leadership in effective organizational knowledge creation practices: Mediating effects of employees’ work engagement. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 65–101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21120 

Hoque, A. S. M. M., & Awang, Z. (2016). Exploratory factor analysis of entrepreneurial marketing: Scale development and validation in SME context of Bangladesh, International Social Sciences and Tourism Research Conference (pp. 20-22). UniSZA, Terengganu, Malaysia. 

Hoque, A. S. M. M., & Awang, Z. (2019). Does gender difference play moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing and Bangladeshi SME performance? Accounting, 5(1), 35-52. 

Hoque, A. S. M. M., Awang, Z., Siddiqui, B. A., & Sabiu, M. S. (2018). Role of Employee Engagement on Compensation System and Employee Performance Relationship among Telecommunication Service Providers in Bangladesh. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 8(3), 19-37. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i3.13081 

Hossan, D. (2021). Effect of leadership style on employee engagement with motivational factor as mediator. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(2), 1-15. 

Hosseini, S. A., Moghaddam, A., Damganian, H., Shafiei Nikabadi, M. (2022). The effect of perceived corporate social responsibility and sustainable human resources on employee engagement with the moderating role of the employer brand. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 34(2), 101-121. doi: 10.1007/s10672-021-09376-0 

Hu, Q., Schaufeli, W. B., & Taris, T. W. (2011). The job demands–resources model: An analysis of additive and joint effects of demands and resources. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 181–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.009 

Huang, J., & Hsieh, H. (2015). Supervisors as good coaches: Influences of coaching  on employees’  in-role  behaviors  and  proactive career behaviors. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(1), 42–58. 

Huang, C.-K. (2023). Coaching for change: preparing mathematics teachers for technology integration in differentiated classrooms. Education and Information Technologies. doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11684-x 

Huang, E. Y., Paccagnan, D., Mei, W., & Bullo, F. (2023). Assign and Appraise: Achieving Optimal Performance in Collaborative Teams. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 68(3), 1614-1627 

Huang, S. Y. B., Li, M-W., & Chang, T-W. (2021). Transformational leadership, ethical leadership, and participative leadership in predicting counterproductive work behaviors: Evidence from financial technology firms. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 658727. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658727 

Huang, X., Lam, S. M., Wang, C., & Xu, P. (2023). Striving for personal growth matters: The relationship between personal growth initiative, teacher engagement and instructional quality. British Journal of Educational Psychology. doi:10.1111/bjep.12583 

Huang, Y., Ma, Z., & Meng, Y. (2018). High-performance work systems and employee engagement: empirical evidence from China. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12140 

Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Huizinga, T., Handelzalts, A., Nieveen, N., & Voogt, J. M. (2014). Teacher involvement in curriculum design: Need for support to support teachers’ design expertise. Journal of Curriculum Studies., 46(1), 33–57. 

Hunzicker, J. (2017). From teacher to teacher leader: A conceptual model. International Journal of Teacher Leadership, 8(2), 1–27. 

Idris, N. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. McGraw-Hill, Kuala Lumpur. 

Ilias, K., & Ladin, C. A. (2018). Pengetahuan dan kesediaan revolusi industri 4.0 dalam kalangan pelajar Institute Pendidikan Guru Kampus Ipoh. The Online Journal of Ismalic Education, 6(2), 18-26. 

Im, A. Y., & Cho, S. (2022). Mediating mechanisms in the relationship between supervisor incivility and employee service delivery in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(2), 642­662. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-06-2021-0814 

Im, H. (2022). Come work with us: Inclusivity, performance, engagement, and job satisfaction as correlates of employer recommendation. Journal of Personnel Psychology. doi: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000305 

Inceoglu, I., & Warr, P. (2012). Personality and job engagement. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 10, 177–181. doi: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000045 

Iqbal, A., Tufail, M., & Lodhi, R. (2015). Employee loyalty and organizational commitment in Pakistani organizations. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(1), 1-11. Retrieved from https://www.eajournals.org/journals/global-journal-ofhuman-resource­managementgjhrm/vol-3issue1january-2015/employee-loyalty­organizationalcommitment-pakistani-organizations/ 

Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Employee engagement and organizational change initiatives: Does transformational leadership, valence, and trust make a difference? Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 40(3), 50 – 62. doi: 10.1002/joe.22078 

Ismail, A., & Hassan, R. (2013). Issues and challenges of technical and vocational education & training in Malaysia for knowledge worker driven. National Conference on Engineering Technology 2013 (NCET 2013). 

Ismail, A., Wan Hassan. W. A. S., Ahmad, F., Affan. Z., & Harun, M. I. (2020). Students’ readiness in facing industrial revolution among students of technical teacher’s education. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(8), 300-305. 

Ismail, M. (2011). Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Jackson, D. L., Gillaspy, J. A., & Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations. Psychological Methods, 14(1), 6-23. 

Jackson, S. L. (2011). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Approach (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. 

Jadhav, D., Fatima, J. K., & Quazi, A. (2023). Antecedents of team alignment for team performance: length of relationship as a moderator. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-10-2022-0464 

Jakavonyte-Staškuviene, D., & Barkauskiene, A. (2023). Transformative teacher leadership experiences in schools in creating an innovative educational culture: The case of Lithuania. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2196239. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2196239 

Jakubik, M. (2022). Work engagement: Gateway to creativity. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 345, 11-21. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-89708-6_2 

James, J. B., Mckechnie, S. P., & Swanberg, J. (2011). Predicting employee engagement in an age-diverse retail workforce. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(2), 173-196. doi: 10.1002/job.681 

Jamshed, S., & Majeed, N. (2023). Mapping knowledge-sharing behavior through emotional intelligence and team culture toward optimized team performance. Team Performance Management, 29(1-2), 63–89. doi: 10.1108/TPM-06-2022­0052 

Jang, E. (2021). Sustainable Workplace: Impact of Authentic Leadership on Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Moderating Role of Perceived Employees’ Calling. Sustainability, 13(15), 8542. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158542 

Jerimo, H. M., Henriques, P. L., & Carvalho, S. I. (2022). Being inclusive boosts impact of diversity practices on employee engagement. Management Research, 20(2), 129-147. doi: 10.1108/MRJIAM-05-2021-1175 

Ji, Y. (2021). Does teacher engagement matter? Exploring relationship betwene teachers’ engagement in professional development and teaching practice. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 3(4), 42-60. doi: https://doi.org/10.46451/ijts.2021.12.04 

Jia, X., Chen, J., Mei, L. & Wu, Q. (2018). How leadership matters in organizational innovation: A perspective of openness. Management Decision, 56(1), 6-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0415 

Jia-jun, Z., & Hua-ming, S. (2022). The impact of career growth on knowledge-based employee engagement: The mediating role of affective commitment and the moderating role of perceived organizational support. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 805208. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805208 

Jiang, H., & Men, R. L. (2017). Creating an engaged workforce: The impact of authentic leadership, transparent organizational communication, and work-life enrichment. Communication Research, 44(2), 225–243. 

Jiang, H., & Shen, H. (2023). Toward a Relational Theory of Employee Engagement: Understanding Authenticity, Transparency, and Employee Behaviors. International Journal of Business Communication, 60(3), 948-975. doi: 10.1177/2329488420954236 

Jiang, L., Yu, S., & Zhao, Y. (2021). Teacher engagement with digital multimodal composing in a Chinese tertiary EFL curriculum. Lang. Teach. Res. 25, 613– 632. doi: 10.1177/1362168819864975 

Johnston, K. A. (2014). Public relations and engagement: Theoretical imperatives of a multidimensional concept. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 381– 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.959863. 

Jones, M. (2019), Why is Employee Reward and Recognition so Important?, s.l.: Petaurum Solutions. 

Jong, G. P., Jeong, S. K., Yoon, S. W., & Joo, B. K. (2017). The effects of empowering leadership on psychological well-being and job engagement: The mediating role of psychological capital. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 350–367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2015-0182 

Joplin, T., Greenbaum, R. L., Wallace, J. C., & Edwards, B. D. (2021). Employee entitlement, engagement, and performance: The moderating effect of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 168(4), 813-826. doi: 10.1007/s10551­019-04246-0 

Jose, G., Nimmi, P. M., & Mampilly, S. R. (2021). It is not a case of “one size fits all”: the need for customized HRM practices for employee engagement. Development and Learning in Organizations, 35(6), 14-17. doi: 10.1108/DLO­01-2021-0021 

Joseph, D. L., Newman, D. A., & Hulin C. L. (2010). Job attitudes and employee engagement: A meta analysis of construct redundancy. In: Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 1–6. 

Joseph, G. V., Thomas, K. A., & Nero, A. (2021). Impact of Technology Readiness and Techno Stress on Teacher Engagement in Higher Secondary Schools. Digital Education Review, 40, 51-65. 

Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376 

Judge, T., Joyce, B., Remus Ilies, and Megan Gerhardt. 2002. Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–80. 

Junusi, R. E., Nurhidayati, Widarno, B., & Mubarok, F. K. (2021). Building the relationship of islamic transglobal leadership with human resource performance through a meaningful work, engagement, and creativity. International Journal of Economics and Management, 15(2), 175–190. 

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. 

Kahn, W. A. (1992). To be fully there: Psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 45(4), 321-349. 

Kahn, W. A., & Heaphy, E. D. (2013). Relational contexts of personal engagement at work. In Employee engagement in theory and practice (pp. 96-110). Routledge. 

Kang, H. J., & Busser, J. A. (2018). Impact of service climate and psychological capital on employee engagement: The role of organizational hierarchy. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 1-9. 

Kang, M., & Sung, M. (2017). How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors: The mediation of employee-organization relationships. Journal of Communication Management, 21(1), 82–102. 

Karabiyik, B., & Korumaz, M. (2014). Relationship between teacher's self-efficacy perceptions and job satisfaction level. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 826-830. 

Karakikes, M., & Nathanael, D. (2023). The effect of cognitive workload on decision authority assignment in human–robot collaboration. Cognition, Technology and Work, 25(1), 31–43. doi: 10.1007/s10111-022-00719-x 

Karakitapoglu-Ayg, Z., Gumusluoglu, L., Erturk, A., & Scandura, T. A. (2023). What if authoritarian to all or to some? A multi-level investigation of within-team differentiation in authoritarian leadership. Journal of Business Research, 162,113873. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113873 

Karanges, E., Beatson, A., Johnston, K., & Lings, I. (2014). Optimizing employee engagement with internal communication: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Business Market Management, 7(2), 329–353. 

Karanges, E., Johnston, K., Beatson, A., & Lings, I. (2015). The influence of internal communication on employee engagement: A pilot study. Public Relations Review, 41, 129–131. 

Karatepe, O. M. (2013). High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: the mediation of work engagement. International Journal Hospital Management, 32, 132–140. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.05.003 

Karatepe, O. M., & Ngeche, R. N. (2012). Does job embeddedness mediate the effect of work engagement on job outcomes? A study of hotel employees in Cameroon. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 21(4). doi: 10.1080/19368623.2012.626730 

Kareem, O. A., Bing, K. W., Jusoff, K., Awang, M., & Yunus, J. N. (2011). Teacher capacity building in teaching and learning: The changing role of school leadership. Academic Leadership, 9(1), 1-10. 

Katou, A. (2017). How does Human Resource Management influence Organisational Performance? An Integrative Approach Based Analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2016-0004. 

Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2009). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. USA: Corwin Press. 

Kavyashree, M. B., Kulenur, S., Nagesh, P., & Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S. (2023). Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Engagement. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(17),  e20231331. doi: 10.14488/BJOPM.1331.2023 

Kayode, S. M., Noordin, M. K. B., & Wahid, N. H. B. A. (2020). Service learning approaches instrumentation to community development in the 21st century. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5A), 57-62. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081909 

Kazmi, S. W., & Javaid, S. T. (2022). Antecedents of organizational identification: implications for employee performance. RAUSP Management Journal, 57(2), 111-130. doi: 10.1108/RAUSP-02-2020-0017 

Kellerman, B. (2012). The end of leadership. (1st. ed.). Harper Collins. 

Khan, A. N., Moin, M. F., Khan, N. A., & Zhang, C. (2022). A multistudy analysis of abusive supervision and social network service addiction on employee's job engagement and innovative work behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 31(1), 77 –92. doi: 10.1111/caim.12481 

Khan, M. A., Ismail, F. B., Hussain, A., & Alghazali, B. (2020). The Interplay of Leadership Styles, Innovative Work Behavior, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898264 

Khan, S., Muhammad, B., Afridi, G. W., & Sarwar, I. (2017). Effect of authentic leadership on job satisfaction and employee engagement. City University Research Journal, 7(1), 151-166. 

Khassawneh, O., & Hamzah, E. (2022). The effect of participative leadership style on employees’ performance: The contingent role of institutional theory. Administrative Sciences, 12, 195. 

Khattak, S. R., Zada, M., Nouman, M., Rahman, S. U., Fayaz, M., Ullah, R., Salazar-Sepveda, G., Vega-Muz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Investigating inclusive leadership and pro-social rule breaking in hospitality industry: Important role of psychological safety and leadership identification. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 8291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148291 

Kicheva, T. (2022). Employee engagement in remote work2. Ikonomicheski Izsledvania, 31(6), 154-171. 

Kilinç, A.Ç., Polatcan, M., & Çepni, O. (2023). Exploring the association between distributed leadership and student achievement: the mediation role of teacher professional practices and teacher self-efficacy. Journal of Curriculum Studies. doi: 10.1080/00220272.2023.2216770 

Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2014a). From blue ocean strategy to blue ocean leadership, blue ocean leadership series I. 

Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2014b). Blue ocean leadership. (Cover story). Harvard Business Review, 92(5), 60-72. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.sunway.edu.my/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp x?direct=true&db=bth&AN=95639019&site=eds-live&scope=site 

Kim, W., Kolb, J. A., & Kim, A. (2012), The relationship between work engagement and performance: A review of empirical literature and a proposed research agenda. Human Resource Development Review, 12(3), 248-276. 

Kindarto, A., Zhu, Y-Q, & Gardner, D. G. (2020). Full range leadership styles and government it team performance: The critical roles of follower and team competence. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(4), 889-917. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2020.1730198 

Kingir,S. &. Mesei.M. (2010). Factorsthat affect hotel employeesmotivationthecase 

of Bodrum Serbian. Journal of Management, 59-76. 

Kirkman, B., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond self-management: antecedents and consequences of team performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58-74. 

Kirschner, P. A., & De Bruyckere, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 135-142. 

Kjeldsen, A. M., & Andersen, L. B. (2023). Leader-Employee Gap in Verbal Transactional Leadership and Distributed Leadership: Evidence From a Randomized Field Experiment. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 43(1), 80–103. https://doiorg.ezpustaka2.upsi.edu.my/10.1177/0734371X211039004 

Klassen, R. M., Yerdelen, S., & Durksen, T. L. (2013). Measuring Teacher Engagement: Development of the Engaged Teachers Scale (ETS). Front. Learn. Res. 1, 33– 52. doi: 10.14786/flr.v1i2.44 

Kline, R. B. (2009). Becoming a behavioral science researcher: a guide to producing research that matters. New York: Guilford Press. 

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. 

Kline, R. B. (2016). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press. 

Kneen, J., Breeze, T., Thayer, E., John, V., & Davies-Barnes, S. (2023). Pioneer teachers: How far can individual teachers achieve agency within curriculum development? Journal of Educational Change, 24(2), 243–264. doi: 10.1007/s10833-021-09441-3 

Knight, C., Patterson, M., & Dawson, J. (2017). Building work engagement: A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of work engagement interventions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(6), 792–812. 

Kompaso, S. M., & Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 89. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/6745 

Kong, D., Zou, M., & Chen, J. (2022). English as a foreign language teacher engagement with culturally responsive teaching in rural schools: Insights from China. Front. Psychol., 13, 990363. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.990363 

Konting, M. M. (1998). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Korunka, C., Kubicek, B., Schaufeli, W., & Hoonakker, P. (2009). Work engagement and burnout: Testing the robustness of the job demands-resources model. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902879976 

Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006). Enhancing the effectiveness of work groups and teams. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7(3), 77–124. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00030.x 

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. 

Kumar, D. P., & Swetha, G. (2011). A prognostic examination of employee engagement from its historical roots. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2(3), 232. 

Kustiawan, U., Cahyadi, M. B., Lestari, U. D., & Andiyana, E. (2022). Transformational leadership and gender of the leader for government insurance worker in covid situation. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 19, 63-77. doi: 10.37394/23209.2022.19.7 

Kustiawan, U., Marpaung, P., Lestari, U. D., & Andiyana, E. (2022). The effect of affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and employee engagement on job happiness and job performance on manufacturing company in indonesia. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 19, 573-591. doi: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.52 

Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sage Open, 10(1), 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/215824401989908 

Latif, M. A., Vang, J., & Sultana, R. (2023). Individuals' psychosocial voice barriers in lean problem-solving teams. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(5), 1321-1337. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-11-2020­0618 

Leana, C. R. (2011). The missing link in school reform. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 30–35. Retrieved March 13, 2020, from https://ssir.org/images/articles/Missing_Link_Cover.pdf 

Lee, J. H., & Ok, C. M. (2015). Drivers of work engagement: An examination of core self-evaluations and psychological climate among hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 44(1), 84-98. 

Lee, J., Chung, J., & Kim, B. (2023). Leaders need to be led: complementary followership in the context of community-driven development program. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration. doi: 10.1080/23276665.2023.2214825 

Lee, Y. (2022). Linking internal CSR with the positive communicative behaviors of employees: The role of social exchange relationships and employee engagement. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(2), 348-367. doi: 10.1108/SRJ-04-2020-0121 

Lega, F., Prenestini, A., & Spurgeon, P. (2013). Is management essential to improving the performance and sustainability of health care systems and organizations? A systematic review and a roadmap for future studies. Value Health, 16(1), 46–51. 

Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1998). “Burnout,” in Encyclopedia of Mental Health, Vol. 1, ed. H. S. Friedman (New York, NY: Academic Press). 

Lemon, L. L., & Palenchar, M. J. (2018). Public relations and zones of engagement: Employees’ lived experiences and the fundamental nature of employee engagement. Public Relations Review, 44, 142-155. 

Lewin, D. & Lundie, D. Stud Philos Educ (2016) Philosophies of Digital Pedagogy. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 35, 235-240 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-016-9514-7 

Lewis, A., Thomas, B., & Bradley, O. (2012). Employee socialisation: A platform for employee engagement? International Journal of Employment Studies, 20(1), 25. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Employee­socialisation%3A-Aplatform-for-employee-Lewis­Thomas/3d4d6fccdac400a3458959005aff72a50824a3f7 

Li, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Technostress inhibitors and creators and their impacts on university teachers’ work performance in higher education. Cognition, Technology & Work, 1-16. 

Li, P., Sun, J.-M., Taris, T. W., Xing, L., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2021). Country differences in the relationship between leadership and employee engagement: A meta-analysis. Leadership Quarterly, 32(1), 101458. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101458 

Li, R., Liu, H., Chen, Y., & Yao, M. (2022). Teacher engagement and self-efficacy: The mediating role of continuing professional development and moderating role of teaching experience. Current Psychology, 41(1), 328-337. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-00575-5 

Li, X., Sanders, K., & Frenkel, S. (2012). How leader–member exchange, work engagement and HRM consistency explain Chinese luxury hotel employees’ job performance. International Journal Hospital Management, 31(4), 1059–1066. 

Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110 

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 1-55. 

Liu, E. (2019). Occupational self-efficacy, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 47(8), 1-7. 

Liu, H., Li, J., & Liu, L. (2023). Linking Knowledge Heterogeneity with Project Performance in Digital Project Teams: The Role of Digital Capability and Knowledge Conversion. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01353-2 

Liu, L., Zhang, C., & Fang, C.-C. (2022). Effects of health-promoting leadership, employee health on employee engagement: Employability as moderating variable. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 15(1), 1-18. doi: 10.1108/IJWHM-07-2020-0122 

Liu, X., Yu, J., Guo, Q., & Li, J. (2022). Employee engagement, its antecedents and effects on business performance in hospitality industry: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-12-2021-1512 

Lockwood, N. R. (2006). Talent management: Driver for organizational success. SHRM Research Quarterly. Available online at: https://docplayer.net/786555-Talent­management-driver-for-organizational-success-by-nancyr-lockwood-sphrgphr­m-a-manager-hr-content-program.html (accessed March 7, 2022). 

Loh, K. L., & Mohd Yusof, S. (2020). Blue ocean leadership activities improve firm performance. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 11(2), 359-375. doi: 10.1108/IJLSS-09-2018-0102 

Loh, K. L., Yusof, M. S., & Lau, D. H. C. (2019). Blue ocean leadership in lean sustainability. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 10(1), 275-294. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-06-2016-0029 

Lez, J. (2022b). What is leadership? Leadership is said in many ways. In J. C. de la Cruz, S. Alonso, M. P. Cáceres, & J. M. Trujillo (Eds.), Desafíos en la investigaci e innovaci para la práctica en educaci (pp. 125–134). Octaedro. 

Lez, J., & Ortiz de Montellano, S. (2021). Educaci en liderazgo para estudiantes universitarios: propuesta de un meta-modelo. In O. Buz-García & M. C. Romero (Eds.), Metodologías activas con TIC en la educaci del siglo XXI (pp. 2100–2121). Dykinson. 

Lorinkova, N. M., & Bartol, K. M. (2021). Shared leadership development and team performance: A new look at the dynamics of shared leadership. Personnel Psychology, 74(1), 77-107. doi: 10.1111/peps.12409 

Louis, K. S., & Smith, B. (1992). Cultivating teacher engagement: Breaking the iron law of social class. In F. M. Newmann (Ed.), Student engagement and achievement in American secondary schools (pp. 119–152). Teachers College Press. 

Lovin, D., Busila, A.V., & Sava, V. (2023). Culture shock, adaptation, and organizational performance in sport: A psychological perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122403. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122403 

Low, M.P., & Spong, H. (2022). Predicting employee engagement with micro-level corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the public accounting firms. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(2), 266–292. doi: 10.1108/SRJ-07-2020-0300 

Lukowski, W. 2017. The impact of leadership styles on innovation management. 

Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations, 24, 105–136. 

Lumpkin, A. (2016). Key characteristics of teacher leaders in schools. Administrative Issues Journal: Connecting Education, Practice, and Research, 4(2), 14. 

Luthans, F., & Avolio, B. (2009). The point of positive organizational behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 291-307. 

Macey, W. H., Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Young, S. A. (2009). Employee engagement: Tools for analysis, practice and competitive advantage. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 

Macey, W., & Schneider, B. (2008). Engaged in engagement: we are delighted we dit it. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 76-83. 

Macheridis, N., Paulsson, A., & Pihl, H. (2020). The Humboldtian ideal meets employability? University teachers and the teaching-research relationship in marketized higher education. Industry and Higher Education, XX(X), 1-9. doi: 10.1177/0950422219898371 

Macht, G., Nembhard, D., Kim, J., & Rothrock, L. (2014). Structural models of extraversion, communication, and team performance. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 44(1), 82-91. 

Mack, C. J., Johnson, A., Jones-Rincon, A., Tsatenawa, V., & Howard, K. (2019). Why do teachers leave? A comprehensive occupational health study evaluating intent-to-quit in public school teachers. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 24(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1111/jabr.12160 

Macquet, A.-C., & Stanton, N. A. (2021). How do head coaches brief their athletes? Exploring transformational leadership behaviors in elite team sports. Human Factors and Ergonomics In Manufacturing, 31(5), 506-515. doi: 10.1002/hfm.20899 

Madu, G. N., Oparanma, A. O., & Gabriel, J. M. (2019). Workplace aesthetics and employees engagement of government tertiary Institutions In Rivers State, Nigeria. Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research, 3, 95–102. 

Magwa, L., & Mohangi, K. (2022). Using theoretical frameworks to analyze democratic student–teacher engagement and autonomous learning for academic achievement in Zimbabwe. Frontiers in Education, 723, 925478. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2022.925478 

Maholtra, N. K. (2009). Marketing research: An applied orientation (6th ed.). Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 

Mail, R., & Noordin, R. (2015). Penyelidikan peringkat sarjana: Pendekatan kualitatif sebagai alternatif. Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 

Majeed, M., Irshad, M., Khan, I., & Saeed, I. (2023). The Impact of Team Mindfulness on Project Team Performance: The Moderating Role of Effective Team Leadership. Project Management Journal, 54(2), 162–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/87569728221140807 

Majumder, S., Ghosh, S., & Polkowski, Z. (2023). A brief introduction to human resource management. Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Human Resource Management, 1-25. 

Makikangas, A., Aunola, K., Seppala, P., & Hakanen, J. (2016). Work engagment-team performance relationship: shared job crafting as a moderator. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(4), 772-790. 

Malaysian Employers Federation. (2015). Malaysian Employers Federation. Malaysia. Retrived from http://www.mef.org.my 

Malhotra, N. K. (2009). Basic marketing research: A decision making approach (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 

Malik, M. F., Khan, M. A., & Mahmood, S. (2021). Increasing the efficiency of business process through authentic leaders and follower's attitude. Business Process Management Journal, 27(2), 529-545. doi: 10.1108/BPMJ-04-2020­0162 

Mammen, A. (2022). The Digital Transformation of a Metropolitan New York Health System. Frontiers of health services management, 38(3), 10-15. doi: 10.1097/HAP.0000000000000134 

Mangkunegara, A. P. (2021). The role of transformational leadership in building work engagement and performance of business company managers. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1), 1-19. 

Marciano, P. L. (2010). Carrots and sticks don’t work: Build a culture of employee engagement with the principles of respect. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 

Markos, S., & Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(12), 89-96. 

Marques-Quinteiro, P., Graça, A. M., Coelho, F. A. Jr., & Martins, D. (2021). On the Relationship Between Authentic Leadership, Flourishing, and Performance in Healthcare Teams: A Job Demands-Resources Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 692433. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.692433 

Martin, J., Cormican, K., Sampaio, S. C. B., & Wu, Q. (2018). Shared leadership and team performance: An analysis of moderating factors. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 671-679. 

Martin, R., Thomas, G., Charles, K., Epitropaki, O., & McNamara, R. (2005). The role of leader-member exchanges in mediating the relationship between locus of control and work reactions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 141-147. 

Martínez-Díaz, A., Maas-Rodríguez, M. A., Díaz-Fez., P. A., & Aguilar-Parra, J. 

M. (2021). Leading the challenge: Leader support modifies the effect of role ambiguity on engagement and extra-role behaviors in public employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8408. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168408 

Martín-Martín, F. G., Díaz-Fez, P. A., Durniat, K., Salvador-Ferrer, C. M., Llopis-Marín, J. M., Limbert, C., & Maas-Rodríguez, M. Á. (2022). Can high levels of hindrance demands increase the worker’s intellectual response? Sustainability, 14(5), 3107. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053107 

Martins, N. (2017). The role of leaders in creating engaged employees. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Management Leadership and Governance, ICMLG 2017 (pp. 287-293). Johannesburg, South Africa. 

Masemola, S. E. (2011). Employee turnover intentions, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a post-merger tertiary institution: the case of the University of Limpopo. Master of Business Administration, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus). 

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause personal stress and what to do about it. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass. 

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 498. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498 

Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative Researching (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publication. 

Masterson, S. S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B. M., & Taylor, M. S. (2000). Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. The Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 738-748. doi: 10.2307/1556364 

Mathieu, J. E., Hollenbeck, J. R., van Knippenberg, D., & Ilgen, D. R. (2017). A century of work teams in the Journal of Applied Psychology. J Appl Psychol., 102(3), 452–467. 

Mathieu, J. E., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T., & Gilson, L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997–2007: a review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. J Manag., 34(3), 410–476. 

Mathieu, J., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T., & Gilson, L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997­2007: A review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. Journal of Management, 34(3), 410-476. 

May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2009.01162.x 

Maylett, T., & Warner, P. (2014). Magic: Five keys to unlock the power of employee engagement. Austin, TX: Greenleaf Book Group. 

Mazzetti, G., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2022). The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal-and team resources. PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0269433. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269433 

McColl-Kennedy, J. R. & Anderson, R. D. (2002). Impact of leadership style and emotions on subordinate performance. Leadersh. Q., 13(5), 545–559. 

McGuier, E. A., Aarons, G. A., Byrne, K. A., Campbell, K. A., Keeshin, B., Rothenberger, S. D., Weingart, L. R., Salas, E., & Kolko, D. J. (2023). Associations between teamwork and implementation outcomes in multidisciplinary cross-sector teams implementing a mental health screening and referral protocol. Implementation Science Communications, 4(13), 1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00393-8 

Means, A., & Mackenzie Davey, K. (2023). ‘Maybe it’s culture and maybe it isn’t’: An ethnographic study of sensemaking, culture and performance in a multicultural team. Management Learning, 54(2), 223-243. doi: 10.1177/13505076211070358 

Mehmood, I., Macky, K., & Le Fevre, M. (2022). High-involvement work practices, employee trust and engagement: The mediating role of perceived organisational politics. Personnel Review. doi: 10.1108/PR-03-2021-0151 

Mehrzi, N. A., & Singh, S. K. (2016). Competing through employee engagement: A proposed framework. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 65(6), 1-16. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2016-0037 

Melcrum Publishing. (2005). Employee engagement: How to build a high-performance workforce. An independent Melcrum Research Report Executive Summary. 

Melesse, T., & Belay, S. (2022). Uplifting teachers’ professional capital through promoting engagement in professional learning: Mediating effect of teacher job satisfaction. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2057102. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2022.2057102 

Men, L. R. (2012). CEO credibility, perceived organizational reputation, and employee engagement. Public Relations Review, 38(1), 171–173. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 

Meng, F., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, G., Tong, Y., & Lin, R. (2022). Linkages between transformational leadership, work meaningfulness and work engagement: A multilevel cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 367–380. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S344624 

Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective commitment as a core essence of organizational commitment: an integrative literature review. Human Resource Development Review, 14, 389–414. doi: 10.1177/1534484315603612 

Meskelis, S., & Whittington, J. L. (2020). Driving employee engagement: how personality trait and leadership style impact the process. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(10), 1457-1473. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-11-2019­0477 

Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. C., & Guarino, A. J. (2013). Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks. 

Meyers, M. C., van Woerkom, M., & Bauwens, R. (2023). Stronger together: A multilevel study of collective strengths use and team performance. Journal of Business Research, 159, 113728. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113728 

Milliman, J., Gatling, A., & Kim, J. (2018). The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 56-65. 

Mishra, K., Boynton, L., & Mishra, A. (2014). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications. International Journal of Business Communications, 51, 183-202. doi:10.1177/2329488414525399 

Mishra, K., Boynton, L., & Mishra, A. (2017). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications? International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), 183–202. 

Mize, J. F. (2022). If you really think it's that important—show me, don't tell me! Process Safety Progress, 41(1), 95–100. doi: 10.1002/prs.12275 

Mmako, M., & Schultz, C. (2016). An employee engagement framework for technical vocational education and training colleges in south africa. South African Journal of Education, 30(2), 143-163. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20853/30-2-606 

Mohammadi, M., & Moradi, K. (2017). Exploring change in EFL teachers’ perceptions of professional development. J. Teach. Educ. Sustain, 19, 22–42. 

Mohammed, A. S., Ayambila, S. N., & Lukman, S. (2023). An empirical investigation of the impact of social media tool usage on employees work performance among Ghana Commercial Bank Workers: the moderating role of social media usage experience. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, 20(1), e20231382. doi: 10.14488/BJOPM.1382.2023 

Mohr, D. C., Rosen, C. S., Schnurr, P. P., Orazem, R. J., Noorbaloochi, S., Clothier, B. A., Eftekhari, A., Bernardy, N. C., Chard, K. M., Crowley, J. J., Cook, J. M., Kehle-Forbes, S. M., Ruzek, J. I., Sayer, N. A. (2018). The Influence of Team Functioning and Workload on Sustainability of Trauma-Focused Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. Psychiatr Serv., 69(8), 879-886. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700432 

Moilanen T, Leino-Kilpi H, Kuusisto H, Rautava P, Seppänen L, Siekkinen M, Sulosaari V, Vahlberg T, & Stolt M (2020) Leadership and administrative support for interprofessional collaboration in a cancer center. J Health Organ Manag, 34(7), 765–774 

Mokhtar, R., Azwa Ambad, S., Syed Annuar, S., & Lajuni, N. (2021). Employee engagement and its relationship towards normative commitment in malaysia oil and gas industry. Int. J. Hum. Resour. Stud., 11, 164. doi: 10.5296/ijhrs.v11i1.18260 

Moreira, M. E. (2013) Importance of employee engagement. In: Being Agile. Apress, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5840-7_5 

Moreno, A., Navarro, C., & Fuentes-Lara, C. (2022). Factors affecting turnover intentions among Millennial public relations professionals: The Latin American case. Public Relations Inquiry, 11(2), 199-220. doi: 10.1177/2046147X221081176 

Morgeson, F. P., Lindoerfer, D., & Loring, D. J. (2010). Developing team leadership capability. The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development, 122, 285. 

Mrayyan, M. T. (2023). Differences in humble leadership and team performance in nursing: an online cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 13, e066920. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066920 

Mubashar, T., Musharraf, S., Khan, S., & Butt, T.A. (2022). Impact of organizational justice on employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational trust. Cogent Psychology, 9(1), 2080325. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2080325 

Muhammad Ehsan Malik, Samina Nawab & Basharat Naeem. (2010). Job satisfaction and organisational commitment of university teachers in public sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 17-26. 

Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(8), 961–972. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.010 

Mullen, B., & Copper, C. (1994). The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: an integration. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 210-227. 

Murangi, A., & Bailey, L. (2022). Employee engagement of special needs teachers in Windhoek, Namibia: The moderating role of job crafting. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 48, a1964. doi: 10.4102/sajip.v48i0.1964 

Murnpho, S., & Srathongkham, T. (2022). The causal factors affecting work efficiency of employees state enterprise. International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies, 14(1), 168-180. doi: 10.34109/ijebeg.202214109 

Murphy, J. (Ed.). (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. USA: Corwin Press. 

Murphy, K. (2020). Performance evaluation will not die, but it should. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(1), 13–31. 

Musgrove, C., Ellinger, A. E., & Ellinger, A. D. (2014). Examining the influence of strategic profit emphases on employee engagement and service climate. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26, 152-171. doi:10.1108/JWL-08-2013-0057 

Muthuveloo, R., Basbous, O. K., Teoh, A. P., & Choi, S. L. (2013). Antecedents of employee engagement in manufacturing sector. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(12), 1546-1552. 

Mxenge, S. V., Dywill, M., & Basaza, S. (2014). Job engagement and employees’ intention to quit among administrative personnel at University of Fort Hare in South Africa. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 4(5), 129­144. 

Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., & Swamy, D. R. (2014). Leadership styles. Advances In Management, 7(2), 57-62. 

Nardi, P.M. (2018). Doing survey research: A guide to quantitative methods (4th ed.). New York: Routledge. doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315172231 

Nasomboon, B. (2014). the relationship among leadership commitment, organizational performance, and employee engagement. International Business Research, 7(9), 77–90. doi: 10.5539/ibr.v7n9p77 

Ndambiri, M., Kiragu, D. N., & Riro, G. K. (2018). Management capability and financial performance of small scale road work construction companies in Bomet County. Int J Acad Res Acc Finance Manag Sci., 8(1), 185–195. 

Nelson, D. L., & Simmons, B. L. (2003). Health psychology and work stress: A more positive approach. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (p. 97–119). American Psychological Association. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/10474-005 

Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). United States of America: Pearson 

Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2019). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership (2003–2017): Evidence, patterns and implications. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80. doi:10.1108/JEA-02-2018-0023 

Nguyen, H. M., & Nguyen, L. V. (2022). Employer attractiveness, employee engagement and employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-04-2021-0232 

Nimmi, P. M., Jose, G., Vincent, M. T. P., & John, A. (2022). Workplace bullying, engagement and employability: Moderating role of organization-based self-esteem. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10672­022-09420-7 

Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education, 62, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.004 

Nolan, S. (2011). Employee engagement. Strategic HR Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/shr.2011.37210caa.001 

Novikova, I., & Hamse, L. (2021). Modern organizational structures: Transformation from vertical to flexible. 1(1), 103-116. doi:https://elib.belstu.by/handle/123456789/41501 

Nez-Sánchez, J. M., Gmez-Chac, R., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., & García-Fernández, J. (2022). Can a corporate well-being programme maintain the strengths of the healthy employee in times of COVID-19 and extensive remote working? An empirical case study. European Journal of Government and Economics, 11(1), 51-72. doi: 10.17979/ejge.2022.11.1.8978 

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 

Nyfoudi, M., Shipton, H., Theodorakopoulos, N., & Budhwar, P. (2023). Managerial coaching skill and team performance: How does the relationship work and under what conditions? Human Resource Management Journal, 33(2), 328–345. doi: 10.1111/1748-8583.12443 

Nyfoudi, M., Theodorakopoulos, N., Psychogios, A., & Dysvik, A. (2020). Tell it like it is in SME teams: Adverse working conditions, citizenship behaviour and the role of team information sharing in a turbulent economy. Economic and Industrial Democracy. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X20925544 

Nyuur, R. B., Ofori, D. F., Amankwah, M. O., & Baffoe, K. A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and employee attitudes: The moderating role of employee age. Business Ethics, Environment and Responsibility, 31(1), 100-117. doi: 10.1111/beer.12399 

Obuobisa-darko, T. (2020). Leaders’ behaviour as a determinant of employee performance in ghana: The mediating role of employee engagement. Public Organization Review, 20, 597–611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-019­00460-6 

Ochrach, C., Thomas, K., Phillips, B., Mpofu, N., Tansey, T., & Castillo, S. (2022). Case study on the effects of a disability inclusive mindset in a large biotechnology company. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 14(1), 113-125. doi: 10.1108/JWAM-06-2021-0045 

OECD. (2014). TALIS 2013 results: An international perspective on teaching and learning. TALIS, OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264196261­en 

Offermann, L., & Coats, M. (2018). Implicit theories of leadership: Stability and change over two decades. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(4), 513-522. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.003 

Ogueyungbo, O. O., Moses, C. L., Igbinoba, E. E., Osibanjo, A., Falola, H., & Salau, 

O. (2022). prescriptive learning and sustainable employee engagement in selected pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5), 3043. doi: 10.3390/su14053043 

Oh, Z. J., Awang, M., & Khoo, Y. Y. (2022). Mediating role of employee engagement between blue ocean leadership and team performance. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(4), 1647-1656. doi: 10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22290 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2019). Hubungan antara kepimpinan lautan biru dengan keterlibatan pekerja dan prestasi pasukan dalam konteks kolej vokasional. 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Educational Management and Leadership APCEMAL2019, pp. 9-19. Penang, Malaysia. 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2020a). Developing and validating the measurement model for employee engagement construct using confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Academic Research, 10(8), 924-941. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i8/7662 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2020b). Developing item for blue ocean leadership in vocational college. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 10(4), 268-280. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10­i4/7127 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2020c). The extent of blue ocean leadership, employee engagement and team performance during covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 10(11), 926-937. doi:10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i11/8150 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2020d). Validating the instruments measuring blue ocean leadership construct using confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 10(5), 857-868. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7255 

Oh, Z. J., Khoo, Y. Y., & Awang, M. (2021). Kesan mediator keterlibatan pekerja terhadap hubungan antara kepimpinan lautan biru dengan prestasi pasukan dalam kalangan pensyarah di kolej vokasional. 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Educational Management and Leadership APCEMAL2021, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 

Oke, A. E., Ogunsami, D. R., & Ogunlana, S. (2012). Establishing a common ground for the use of structural equation modelling for construction related research studies. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 12(3), 89-94. 

Oliveira, L. B., & Najnudel, P. S. (2022). The influence of abusive supervision on employee engagement, stress and turnover intention. Revista de Gestao. doi: 10.1108/REGE-02-2021-0025 

Onufer, E. J., Andrade, E., Caldwell, K. E., Cullinan, D., Vallar, K., Turnbull, I. R., Schuerer, D., Wise, P. E., Klingensmith, M. E., & Punch, L. J. (2021). SAVE 

2.0: Identifying and strengthening resident leadership skills through simulation based team training. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 90(3), 582­588. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003037 

Osborne, S., & Hammoud, M. S. (2017). Effective employee engagement in the workplace. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), 50-67. 

Ospina, Sonia M., Foldy, Erica G., Fairhurst, Gail T., & Jackson, Brad (2020). Collective dimensions of leadership: Connecting theory and method. Human Relations, 73, 441–463. 

Othman, N. (2013). Social support and work engagement: a study of Malaysian nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 1083-1090. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01448.x 

Othman, N., & Mohamad, K. A. (2014). Thinking skill education and transformational progress in Malaysia. International Education Studies, 7(4), 27-32. doi:10.5539/ies.v7n4p27 

Paek, S., Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2015). Why is hospitality employees’ psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 9-26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.001 

Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using spss for windows (3rd ed.). New York: Open University Press. 

Palumbo, R., Manesh, M. F., Pellegrini, M. M., & Flamini, G. (2022). Setting the conditions for open innovation in the food industry: Unravelling the human dimension of open innovation. British Food Journal, 124(6), 1786-1809. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-02-2021-0162 

Pan, H. L. W., Wiens, P. D., & Moyal, A. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of the teacher leadership scholarship. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103936 

Pan, H.-L.W. (2023). The Catalysts for Sustaining Teacher Commitment: An Analysis of Teacher Preparedness and Professional Learning. Sustainability, 15, 4918. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064918 

Pan, H.-L.W., & Chen,W.-Y. (2023). Networked Learning Communities in Promoting Teachers’ Receptivity to Change: How Professional Learning Beliefs and Behaviors Mediate. Sustainability, 15, 2396. 

Panda, A., Sinha, S., & Jain, N. K. (2022). Job meaningfulness, employee engagement, supervisory support and job performance: a moderated-mediation analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(6), 2316-2336. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-08-2020-0434 

Papalexandris, N., & Galanaki, E. (2009). Leadarship’s impact on employee engagement: Differences among entrepreneurs and professional CEOs. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(4), 365-385. 

Park, J., & Gursoy, D. (2012). Generation effects on work engagement among U.S. hotel employees. International Journal Hospital Management, 31(4), 1195– 1202. 

Park, S., McLean, G., & Yang, B. (2020). Impact of managerial coaching skills on employee commitment: The role of personal learning. European Journal of Training and Development, 45(8/9), 814–831. 

Pasamar, S., Diaz-Fernandez, M., & de la Rosa-Navarro, M.D. (2019), Human capital: the link between leadership and organizational learning", European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 28(1), 25-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2017-0003 

Pass, S., & Ridgway, M. (2022). An informed discussion on the impact of COVID-19 and ‘enforced’ remote working on employee engagement. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 254-270. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2022.2048605 

Paulsen, R. (2017). Slipping into functional stupidity: the bifocality of organizational compliance. Human Relations, 70(2), 1-26. 

Pellerone, M., Rapisarda, V., Trischitta, M. C. A., Vitale, E., & Ramaci, T. (2020). Burnout and self-perceived instructional competence: An exploratory study of a group of Italian female elementary school teachers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1356. 

Peng, Y. (2014). Job satisfaction and job performance of university librarians: A disaggregated examination. Library and Information Science Research, 36(1), 74-82. 

Perera, H. N., Vosicka, L., Granziera, H., & McIlveen, P. (2018). Towards an integrative perspective on the structure of teacher work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 28-41. 

Perera, H. N., Yerdelen, S., McIlveen, P., & Part, R. (2021). A multidimensional, person-centred perspective on teacher engagement: Evidence from Canadian and Australian teachers. Br. J. Educ. Psychol. 91, 882–910. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12398 

Perera, H.N., Granziera, H., & McIlveen, P. (2018). Profiles of teacher personality and relations with teacher self-efficacy, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 171-178. 

Perrin, T. (2003). Working today: Understanding what drives employee engagement the 2003 towers perrin talent report U.S report. Retrieved from http://www.towersperrin.com/tp/getwebcachedoc? Webc = HRS /USA/2003/200309/Talent_2003.pdf 

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. 

Phuong, T. H., & Quynh, D. T. N. (2022). Training perception and work engagement: The mediating role of organisational-based self-esteem and self-efficacy. Central European Business Review, 11(2), 19-40. doi: 10.18267/j.cebr.286 

Pineda-Báez, C., Bauman, C., & Andrews, D. (2020). Empowering teacher leadership: A cross-country study. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 23(4), 388–414. 

Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual-and organizational level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079 

Poekert, P. E. (2012). Teacher leadership and professional development: Examining links between two concepts central to school improvement. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 169–188. doi:10.1080/19415257.2012.657824 

Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Hungler, B. P. (2001). Essentials of nursing research (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 

Poole, A., & Li, X. (2023). Beyond a one-size-fits-all approach: considering English language teachers’ differential capacities for engaging in and implementing professional learning in China. 

Popli, S., & Rizvi, I. A. (2016). Drivers of Employee Engagement: The Role of Leadership Style. Global Business Review, 17(4), 965–979. doi: 10.1177/0972150916645701 

Popova, A., Evans, D. K., Breeding, M. E., & Arancibia, V. (2022). Teacher professional development around the world: The gap between evidence and practice. World Bank Res. Obs. 37, 107–136 

Porkodi, S., & Tabash, B. K. H. (2022). Reforming the activities of leaders for professional level employee engagement: A blue ocean leadership approach. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 21, 2240025. doi: 10.1142/S0219649222400251 

Pradhan, R. K., Jandu, K., Samal, J., & Patnaik, J. B. (2022). Does practicing spirituality at workplace make teachers more engaged? Examining the role of emotional intelligence. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. doi: 10.1108/IJOES­05-2022-0105 

Prasongthan, S. (2022). Organizational resilience and job security on building employee engagement during covid-19 pandemic of thai hotel industry. ABAC Journal, 42(2), 107-127. 

Prentice, C., Wong, I. A., & Lin, Z.C. (2023). Artificial intelligence as a boundary-crossing object for employee engagement and performance. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103376. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103376 

Presbitero, A. (2017). How do changes in human resource management practices influence employee engagement? A longitudinal study in a hotel chain in the Philippines. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 56-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2016.1202061 

Prickett, T. P. (2016). A study of relationships between teacher leadership, student trust, and student commitment to ethical goodness. Liberty University. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2314&context =d Purba, C. B. (2021). Digital transformation in the indonesia manufacturing industry: The effect of e-learning, e-task and leadership style on employee engagement. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 5(3), 361–368. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.5.007 

Purnami, R. S., Senen, S. H., Disman, & Ahman, E. (2022). The role of lecturer’s employee engagement and workplace spirituality for strengthening organizational commitment in Indonesian private universities. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 10(2), 39-49. 

Puteh, H. H., Arifin, F. M., Ahmad, A. H., & Nordin, K. A. (2012). Idea inovatif pengaplikasian konsep blue ocean strategy dalam perkhidmatan awam Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan Awam, 33-42. 

Qualtrics. (2020). 2020 Global Employee Experience Trends. Retrieved from https://www.qualtrics.com/au/lp/ebook/2020-global-employee-experience­trends/?utm_medium=ebook&utm_source=content&utm_campaign=2020-01­-apj--my--ebook--ex--2020-malaysia-trends&utm_content=ebook--ex--2020­maylasia-trends 

Quek, S. J., Thomson, L., Houghton, R., Bramley, L., Davis, S., & Cooper, J. (2021). Distributed leadership as a predictor of employee engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intention in UK nursing staff. Journal of Nursing Management. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13321 

Rabiul, M. K., Shamsudin, F. M., Yean, T. F., & Patwary, A. K. (2022). Linking leadership styles to communication competency and work engagement: evidence from the hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. doi: 10.1108/JHTI-09-2021-0247 

Rafferty, A. M., Maben J., West E., & Robinson D. (2005). What makes a good employer? Issue Paper 3 International Council of Nurses Geneva. 

Rahman, M., & Chowdhury, S. (2012). Job satisfaction and teachers’ turnover: A study on private universities in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 7(2), 142-152. 

Rai, A., & Agarwal, U. A. (2017). Linking workplace bullying and work engagement: the mediating role of psychological contract violation. South Asian Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(1), 42-71, doi: 10.1177/2322093717704732. 

Rajendran Muthuveloo, Ola Khalil Basbous, Teoh, A. P., & Choi, S. L. (2013). Antecedents of employee engagement in manufacturing sector. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(12), 1546-1552. 

Rakthin, S., Punnakitikashem, P., Pisitsupakarn, N., & Aksaravut, K. (2021). Factors influencing employee engagement: Evidence from thai smes. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 42(3), 482-488. doi: 10.34044/j.kjss.2021.42.3.05 

Ramachandran, K. K., Deepa, M., & Vallabi. (2022). A study on organisation culture and employee engagement. Specialusis Ugdymas, 1(43), 391-412. 

Ramasamy, V., & Abbudullah, N. H. (2020). Assessing turnover antecedent among academics at private universities in Malaysia. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 1642-1650. 

Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C., & Mohamad, O. (2010). Green product purchase intention: Some insights from a developing country. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(12), 1419-1427. 

Rana, S., Ardichvili, A. & Tkachenko, O. (2014). A theoretical model of the antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26, 249-266. 

Raney, A. F. (2014). Agility in Adversity: Integrating Mindfulness and Principles of Adaptive Leadership in the Administration of a Community Mental Health Center. Clin Soc Work J, 42, 312–320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-014­0487-0 

Rao, M. S. (2017). Innovative tools and techniques to ensure effective employee engagement. Industrial and Commercial Training, 127-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2016-0037 

Rathakrishnan, T., Ng, S. I., & Tee, K. K. (2016). Turnover intentions of lecturers in private universities in Malaysia. Pertanika Journal Social Sciences & Humanities, 24, 129-146. 

Rathinavel Rajan, S., & Santhosh Kumar, N. (2022). Conclusive empirical study on factors influencing employee engagement: Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Specialusis Ugdymas, 1(43), 593-605. 

Raza, A., Ishaq, M. I., Zia, H., ur-Rehman, Z., & Ahmad, R. (2022). Technostressors and service employees outcomes: A longitudinal study. Service Industries Journal, 42, 13-14, 1030–1053. doi: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2081685 

Razak, N. A., Alakrash, H. U. S. S. I. E. N., & Sahboun, Y. A. S. M. I. N. (2018). English language teachers’ readiness for the application of technology towards fourth industrial revolution demands. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, 7(2-2), 89-98. 

Reed, B., Abigail, K., & T, J. M. II. (2019). A systematic review of leadership definitions, competencies, and assessment methods in pharmacy education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 83, 7520. 

Reinwald, M., Zimmermann, S., & Kunze, F. (2021). Working in the eye of the pandemic: Local COVID-19 infections and daily employee engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 654126. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654126 

Reissner, S., & Pagan, V. (2013). Generating employee engagement in a public–private partnership: Management communication activities and employee experiences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2741– 2759. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.765497. 

Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714. 

Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836. 

Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 617-635. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.51468988 

Robbins, S., & Coulter, M. (2012). Management. Pearson Education, Inc, NJ, Upper Saddle River. 

Robinson, D., Perryman, S., & Hayday, S. (2004). The Drivers of Employee Engagement Report 408, Institute for Employment Studies, UK. 

Ronkko, M., & Evermann, J. (2013). A critical examination of common beliefs about partial least squares path modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 16(3), 425-448. 

Rosen, M. A., Dietz, A. S. (2017). Team performance measurement. In: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Team Working and Collaborative Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 479–502. 

Ross, D. S. (2022). A study on employee motivational factors and employee engagement in south India: The moderating role of work from home. doi: 10.1177/09722629221087382 

Ross, D.L., Lamb, L.L., & Johnson, J.F. (2023). Using Affirming Learning Walks to Build Capacity. Journal of School Administration Research and Development, 8(1), 47-54. doi: 10.32674/jsard.v8i1.4783 

Rothbard, N. (1999). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family. Dissertation Abstracts International US: University Microfilms International, 59(10-A). 

Rothbard, N. P., & Patil, S. V. (2011). Being there: work engagement and positive organizational scholarship. In: Cameron, K.S., Spreitzer, G.M. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 56–69. 

Rothmann, S., & Joubert, J. H. M. (2007). Job demands, job resources, burnout and work engagement of managers at a platinum mine in the North West Province. South African Journal of Business Management, 38, 153–154. 

Rothmann, S., & Welsh, C. (2013). Employee engagement in Namibia: The role of psychological conditions. Management Dynamics, 22(1). 

Rousseau, V., & Aub´e, C. (2010). Team Self-Managing Behaviors and Team Effectiveness: The Moderating Effect of Task Routineness. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 751–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601110390835 

Rožman, M., & Tominc, P. (2022). The importance of employees' work satisfaction in family enterprises: a case study of the post-transition economy. Journal of East European Management Studies, 27(1), 130–156. doi: 10.5771/0949-6181-2022­1-130 

Ruck, K., & Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication: management and employee perspectives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 294–302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 

Ruck, K., Welch, M., Menara, B. (2017). Employee voice: An antecedent to organisational engagement? Public Relations Review, 43(5), 904-914. 

Rurkkhum, S. & Bartlett, K. R. (2012) The relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour in Thailand. Human Resource Development International, 15, 157-174. 

Rus, C. R., & Yasin, M. R. (2015). Cultivating learning: A grounded theory of skills acquisition for vocation in modern apprenticeships. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 275-282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.658. 

Rus, C. R., Yasin, M. R., Yunus, N. F. A., Rahim, M. B., & Ismail, I. M. (2015). Skilling for job: A grounded theory of vocational training at industrial training institutes of Malaysia. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 204, 198-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.139. 

Ruswahida Ibnu Ruslan, Md. Aminul Islam, Idris Mohd Noor & Norsiah Mat. (2016). Employee engagement among assistant registrars in public institutions of higher education in Malaysia: A descriptive study. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, 6(3), 439-450. 

Saad, M. M., Abdelwakeel, H. R., & Labib, A. A. (2022). Examining the impact of the various dimensions of employees’ engagement on commitment: Evidence from small and medium enterprises in Egypt. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, a1799. doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.1799 

Sahi, G. K., Roy, S. K., & Singh, T. (2022). Fostering engagement among emotionally exhausted frontline employees in financial services sector. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 32(3), 400-431. doi: 10.1108/JSTP-08-2021-0175 

Sahoo, C. K., & Mishra, S. (2012). A framework towards employee engagement: the PSU experience. ASCI Journal of Management, 92–110. 

Said, Z. A. (2015) dalam Ahmad Adam & Saidatul Nornis Hj Mahali. Penyelidikan dan Penulisan Ilmiah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah. 

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. 

Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(4), 317-340. 

Saks, A. M. (2022). Caring human resources management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100835. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100835 

Salas, E., Cooke, N., & Rosen, M. (2008). On teams, teamwork, and team performance: discoveries and developments. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 540-547. 

Salas, E., DiazGranados, D., Klein, C., Burke, C., Stagl, K., Goodwin, G., & Halpin, S. (2008). Does team training improve team performance? A meta-analysis. Human Factors, 50(6), 903–933. 

Salem, M., Van Quaquabeke, N., Besiou, M., & Meyer, L. (2019). Intergroup leadership: How leaders can enhance performance of humanitarian operations. Production and Operations Management, 28(11), 2877-2897. 

Salleh, M. I., Ismail, S. N. I. S., Habidin, N. F., Latip, N. A. M., & Ishak, S. (2014). Productivity changes in individual Malaysian polytechnics based on bootstrapping the Malmquist indices. 3rd International Conference on Quantitative Sciences and Its Applications: Fostering Innovation, Streamlining Development (ICOQSIA) (pp. 898-905). Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. 

Salter, D. E., & Tett, D. L. (2022). Sustaining teacher engagement in practitioner research. Journal of Education for Teaching, 48(3), 287-299. doi: 10.1080/02607476.2021.1959267 

Sanchez-Manzanares, M., Rico, R., Antino, M., & Uitdewilligen, S. (2020). The joint effects of leadership style and magnitude of the disruption on team adaptation: A longitudinal experiment. Group & Organization Management, 45(6), 836­864. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601120958838 

Santoso, N. R., Sulistyaningtyas, I. D., & Pratama, B. P. (2022). Transformational leadership during the covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening employee engagement through internal communication. Journal of Communication Inquiry. doi: 10.1177/01968599221095182 

Sanwal, T., & Sareen, P. (2022). Higher employee engagement through social intelligence: A perspective of indian scenario. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10672-022-09404-7 

Sarti, D. (2014). Job Resources as Antecedents of Engagement at Work: Evidence From a Long-Term Care Setting. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 213-237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21189 

Schaufeli, W. (2013). What is engagement? in Trusss, C., Alfes, K., Delbridge, R. and Soane, E. (Eds.). Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice, Routledge, London. 

Schaufeli, W. (2021). Engaging Leadership: How to Promote Work Engagement? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 754556. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754556 

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315. 

Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. 

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. 

Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2001). Work and well-being: Towards a positive approach in occupational health psychology. Gedrag & Organisatie, 14, 229-253. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287890847_Work_and_wellbeing_T owards_a_positive_occupational_health_psychology 

Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. (2002). The measurement of burnout and engagement: a confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. 

Schiemann, W.A. (2011). Alignment, Capability, Engagement. Jakarta: PPM. 

Schott, C., van Roekel, H., & Tummers, L. G. (2020). Teacher leadership: A systematic review, methodological quality assessment and conceptual framework. Educational Research Review, 31, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100352 

Schreuder,F.,Schalk,R.,&Batistic,S.(2020). Examining teamperformance:Therole 

of psychological contracts and engagement among co-workers. Evidence-based 

HRM, 8(3), 327-343. doi: 10.1108/EBHRM-03-2020-0029 

Schwatka, N. V., Dally, M., Shore, E., Dexter, L., Tenney, L., Brown, C. E., & Newman, 

L. S. (2021). Profiles of total worker health® in United States small businesses. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-11. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11045-8 

Sebastian, J., Huang, H., & Allensworth, E. (2017). Examining integrated leadership systems in high schools: Connecting principal and teacher leadership to organizational processes and student outcomes. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 28(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2017.1319392 

Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (4th ed.). UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). Haddington: John Wiley & Sons. 

Sekaran, U., & Roger J. B. (2013). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (6th ed.). Wiley. 

Sell, K. (2015). Receptive accountability and professional capital: An examination of teachers’ perceptions in an international school. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 2(1). https://www.ijicc.net 

Seok, S.-W., & Lee, M.-A. (2021). Shared and vertical leadership: Relationship among team satisfaction, team commitment, and team performance in hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 27(2), 84-95. doi: 10.11111/jkana.2021.27.2.84 

Setton, R., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. (1996). Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange and employee reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3), 219-227. 

Shafiq, M., & Rana, A. R. (2016). Relationship of emotional intelligence to organizational commitment of college teacher in Pakistan. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 62, 1-14. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.1 

Shah, H., Jain, S., & Jain, V. (2023). Can organization team culture benchmark effective teams – performance management concerns, insights and HR implications. Benchmarking, 30(3), 766-787. doi: 10.1108/BIJ-11-2020-0581 

Shaheen, S., Zulfiqar, S., Ahmad, B., & Ahmad-ur-Rehman, M. (2022). Fear of COVID-19 and employee engagement: does emotional stability matter? International Journal of Emerging Markets. doi: 10.1108/IJOEM-12-2020­1461 

Sharma, A., Goel, A., & Sengupta, S. (2017). How does work engagement vary with employee demography? Revelations from the Indian IT industry. Information Technology and Quantitative Management (ITQM2017), Procedia Computer Science, 122, 146-153. 

Sharma, M. N., & Kamal, R. (2020). Teachers’ Engagement: Comparative Study on Private and Government Schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 9(5), 45-55 

Sharma, N. (2022). Using positive deviance to enhance employee engagement: An interpretive structural modelling approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1), 84-98. doi: 10.1108/IJOA-07-2020-2341 

Sheikh Muhamad, H., Habiba, A., Ilham, S., Waqas, A., Mohamad Noorman, M., & Jawad, A. (2023). Predicting Workforce Engagement towards Digital Transformation through a Multi-Analytical Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(8), 6835. doi: 10.3390/su15086835 

Shen, J., Wu, H., Reeves, P., Zheng, Y., Ryan, L., & Anderson, D. (2020). The association between teacher leadership and student achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 31, 100357. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100357 

Shi, W. W., Krishna Kumaran, S. R., Sundaram, H., & Bailey, B. P. (2023). The Value of Activity Traces in Peer Evaluations: An Experimental Study. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7(CSCW1), 151. doi: 10.1145/3579627 

Shortell, S. M., Marsteller, J. A., Lin, M., Pearson, M. L., Wu, S. Y., Mendel, P., Cretin, S., & Rosen, M. (2004). The role of perceived team effectiveness in improving chronic illness care. Med Care, 42(11), 1040-8. doi: 10.1097/00005650­200411000-00002 

Shoukat, M. H., Shah, S. A., & Muneeb, D. (2023). Shared leadership and team performance in health care: how intellectual capital and team learning intervene in this relationship. Learning Organization, 30(4), 426-445. doi: 10.1108/TLO­12-2021-0146 

Shrotryia, V. K., & Dhanda, U. (2020). Exploring employee engagement using grounded theory: Experiences from best firms in India. Vision, 24(2), 171-183. 

Shu, K. (2022). Teachers’ Commitment and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Work Engagement and Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 850204. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850204 

Shuck, B., & Wollard, K. (2010). Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations. Human Resource Development Review, 9(1), 89–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484309353560 

Shuck, B., Reio, T.G., & Rocco, T.S. (2011). Employee engagement: An examination of antecedent and outcome variables. Human Resource Development International, 14, 427-445. 

Shuffler, M., Diazgranados, D., Maynard, M., & Salas, E. (2018). Developing, sustaining, and maximizing team effectiveness: An integrative, dynamic perspective of team development interventions. The Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 688–724. 

Simbula, S., & Guglielmi, D. (2013). I am engaged, I feel good and I go extra-mile: reciprocal relationship between work engagement and consequences. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(3), 117-125. 

Singh, A., & Jha, S. (2022). Relationship between employee well-being and organizational health: symbiotic or independent? Industrial and Commercial Training, 54(2), 231-249. doi: 10.1108/ICT-03-2021-0018 

Singh, R., Sihag, P., & Dhoopar, A. (2022). Role of resilient leadership and psychological capital in employee engagement with special reference to COVID-19. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. doi: 10.1108/IJOA-09-2021-2975 

Sinha, R., Chiu, C.-Y., & Srinivas, S. B. (2021). Shared leadership and relationship conflict in teams: The moderating role of team power base diversity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), 649-667. doi: 10.1002/job.2515 

Sinha, S., & Hanuscin, D. L. (2017). Development of teacher leadership identity: A multiple case study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 356–371. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.004 

Siva, R., Khuan, W. B., & Khoo, Y. Y. (2015). The demands and influence of leadership on educational changes. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 40(1), 83-88. 

Skaalvik, E.M., & Skaalvik, S. (2023). Collective teacher culture and school goal structure: Associations with teacher self-efficacy and engagement. Social Psychology of Education. doi: 10.1007/s11218-023-09778-y 

Smith, W.T. (2007). Job satisfaction in the United States, Embargoed for Release NORC/University of Chicago. Retrieved May 11, 2018 from http://www­news.uchicago.edu/releases/07/pdf/070417.jobs.pdf 

Soane, E., Truss, C., Alfes, K., Shantz, A., Rees, C. & Gatenby, M. (2012) Development and application of a new measure of employee engagement: the ISA Engagement Scale. Human Resource Development International, 15, 529-547. 

Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). Employee job satisfaction and engagement: The road to economic recovery. Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/hrtoday/trends-and-forecasting/research-and-surveys/Documents/14-0028%20JobSatEngage_Report_FULL_FNL.pdf 

Song, J., Lim, D., Kang, I., & Kim, W. (2014). Team performance in learning organization: Mediating effect of employee engagement. The Learning Organization, 21(5), 290-309. 

Song, X., Khosa, M., Ahmed, Z., Faqera, A. F. O., Nguyen, N. T., Rehman, S. U., & He, Y. (2022). Linking transformational and despotic leadership to employee engagement: Unfolding the role of psychological distress as a mediator. Sustainability, 14, 8851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148851 

Soukup, T., Lamb, B. W., Arora, S., Darzi, A., Sevdalis, N., & Green, J. S. (2018) Successful strategies in implementing a multidisciplinary team working in the care of patients with cancer: an overview and synthesis of the available literature. J Multidiscip Healthc, 11,49–61 

Sparrowe, R., Liden, R., Wayne, S., & Kraimer, M. (2001). Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 316–325. 

Špoljaric, A., & Tkalac Vercic, A. (2022). Internal communication satisfaction and employee engagement as determinants of the employer brand. Journal of Communication Management, 26(1), 130–148. doi: 10.1108/JCOM-01-2021­0011 

Spreitzer, G., & Sonenshein, S. (2004). Toward the construct definition of positive deviance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 828-847. 

Srivastava, D. K., & Bansal, N. (2016). Creating employee engagement in organizations in India: Role of human resource processes. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 5(6), 41-47. 

Srivastava, M., Rogers, H., & Lettice, F. (2013). Team performance management: Past, current and future trends. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 19(7/8), 352-362. 

Stein, K. C., Macaluso, M., & Stanulis, R. N. (2016). The interplay between principal leadership and teacher leader efficacy. Journal of School Leadership, 26(6), 1002–1032. doi:10.1177/105268461602600605 

Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M., & Trice, H. (1978). Assessing personal, role and organizational predictors of managerial commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 21(3), 380-396. 

Stoker, K. L., & Tusinski, K. A. (2006). Reconsidering public relations’ infatuation with dialogue: Why engagement and reconciliation can be more ethical than strength of the HRM system. Academy of Management Review, 29(2), 203-221. 

Stout, S., Zallman, L., Arsenault, L., Sayah, A., & Hacker, K. (2017). Developing highfunctioning teams: Factors associated with operating as a “real team” and implications for patient-centered medical home development. Inq J Med Care Organ Provis Financ.,12(54):0046958017707296. 

Sucato, D. J. (2020) Strategies and tools to enhance team performance. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 40, 25-29. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001526 

Sudibjo, N., & Sutarji, T. (2020). The roles of job satisfaction, well-being, and emotional intelligence in enhancing the teachers' employee engagements. Management Science Letters, 10(11), 2477-2482. 

Sun, H. J., & Yoon, H. H. (2022). Linking organizational virtuousness, engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of individual and organizational factors. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 46(5), 879-904. doi: 10.1177/1096348020963701 

Sun, P. P., & Mei, B. (2020). Modeling preservice Chinese-as-a-second/foreign­language teachers’ adoption of educational technology: a technology acceptance perspective. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1-24. 

Sundstrom, E., De Meuse, K. P., & Futrell, D. (1990). Work teams: Applications and effectiveness. American Psychologist, 45(2), 120. 

Suprapti, S., Asbari, M., Cahyono, Y., & Mufid, A. (2020). Leadership style, organizational culture and innovative behavior on public health center performance during Pandemic COVID-19. J. Ind. Eng. Manag. Res. 1, 76–88. 

Surachartkumtonkun, J., Ngo, L.V., & Shao, W. (2023). The crisis cloud's silver linings: The effects of hope and gratitude on employee burnout and engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 74, 103421. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103421 

Surendran, V., & Wagner, A. R. (2023). That was not what I was aiming at! Differentiating human intent and outcome in a physically dynamic throwing task. Autonomous Robots, 47(2), 249–265. doi: 10.1007/s10514-022-10074-5 

Susanto, R., Syofyan, H., & Rachmadtullah, R. (2019). Teacher leadership in class on the formation of school values and characters of school-ages. WMA, 1(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-12-2019.2290861 

Sutton, A., & Crobach, C. (2022). Improving self-awareness and engagement through group coaching. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 20(1), 35-49. doi: 10.24384/dqtf-9x16 

Syed Muhammad Azeem & Nadeem Akhtar. (2014). Job satisfaction and organisational commitment among public sector employees in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(7), 127-133. 

Szeto, E., & Cheng, A. Y. (2017). Developing early career teachers’ leadership through teacher learning. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 45(3), 45–64. 

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Tang, C. Y., Wang, P., & Xiao, S. (2015). Research on the influence mechanism of moral leadership on the career growth of new employees. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 16, 104–114. 

Tauetsile, J. (2021). Employee engagement in non-Western contexts: The link between social resources Ubuntu and employee engagement. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 21(2), 245-259. doi: 10.1177/14705958211007874 

Tavitiyaman, P., So, C. Y. A., Chan, O. L. K., Wong, C. K. C. (2022). How task technology fits with employee engagement, organizational support, and business outcomes: Hotel executives’ perspective. Journal of China Tourism Research. doi: 10.1080/19388160.2022.2027834 

Tay, L., Jebb, A. T., & Scotney, V. S. (2021). Assessments of societal subjective well­being in measuring well-being: Interdisciplinary perspectives from the social sciences and the humanities; Lee, M.T., Kubzansky, L.D., Vander Weele, T.J., Eds.; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 70–92. 

Taylor, M., & Kent, M. L. (2014). Dialogic engagement: Clarifying foundational concepts. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 384–398. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 

Tewari, I. (2020). Factors that drive employee engagement in organizations: A review. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(5), 6767-6773. 

Thanh, N. H., & Quang, N. V. (2022). Transformational, transactional, laissez-faire leadership styles and employee engagement: Evidence from Vietnam’s public sector. SAGE Open, 12(2). doi: 10.1177/21582440221094606 

Thoonen, E., Sleegers, P., Oort, F., Peetsma, T., & Geijsel, F. (2011). How to improve teaching practices: The role of teacher motivation, organizational factors, and leadership practices. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(3), 496–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11400185 

Thorndike, R. M. (1997). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Merrill. 

Tian, Q., & Robertson, J. L. (2019). How and when does perceived CSR affect employees’ engagement in voluntary pro-environmental behavior? Journal of Business Ethics, 155, 399–412. doi: 10.1007/s10551-017-3497-3 

Topa, G., Guglielmi, D. & Depolo, M. (2014). Mentoring and group identification as antecedents of transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-350. 

Treacy, M., & Leavy, A. (2023). Student voice and its role in creating cognitive dissonance: the neglected narrative in teacher professional development. Professional Development in Education, 49(3), 458-477. doi: 10.1080/19415257.2021.1876147 

Tritch, T. (2003). Engagement drives result at new century. Gallup Management Journal, September 11. 

Tsai, K. C. (2015). A preliminary meta-analysis of teacher leadership. Journal of Education and Literature, 3(3), 131–137. 

Tunjera, N. (2023). Adopting WhatsApp to Reduce Transactional Distance During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 21(2), 110 – 120. doi: 10.34190/ejel.21.2.2752 

Turner, P. (2020). Employee engagement and the employee experience. In Employee engagement in contemporary organizations. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 

Uba, N. J., & Chinonyerem, O. J. (2017). Human capital development a strategy for sustainable development in the Nigerian education system. African Research Review, 11(2), 178–189. https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i2.13 

Uddin, M. A., Mahmood, M., & Fan, L. (2019). Why individual employee engagement matters for team performance? Mediating effects of employee commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Team Performance Management, 25(1-2), 47-68. doi: 10.1108/TPM-12-2017-0078 

Ugaddan, R., & Park, S. (2017). Quality of leadership and public service motivation: A social exchange perspective on employee engagement. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(3), 270-285. 

Ugwu, C. C. (2017). Human resource management (HRM) practices and work engagement in Nigeria: The mediating role of psychological capital (PSYCAP). International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review. 

Ulla, M. B. (2022). Exploring Early-Career EFL Teachers’ Engagement in Professional Learning: Teaching Beliefs and Professional Values. RELC Journal. doi: 10.1177/00336882221080197 

Uraon, R. S., Chauhan, A., Bharati, R., & Sahu, K. (2023). Do agile work practices impact team performance through project commitment? Evidence from the information technology industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-03-2023-0114 

Urbach, N., & Ahlemann, F. (2010). Structural equation modeling in information systems research using partial least squares. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), 11(2), 5-40. 

Vadera, A. K., Pratt, M. G., & Mishra, P. (2013). Constructive deviance in organizations integrating and moving forward. Journal of Management, XX(XXXX), 1-56. 

Vakira, E., Shereni, N. C., Ncube, C. M., & Ndlovu, N. (2022). Do transformational leadership and work engagement matter for job performance in luxury hotels? Exploring the role of leaders' managerial skills. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. doi: 10.1108/JHTI-09-2021-0261 

Valentin, C. (2014). The extra mile deconstructed: A critical and discourse perspective on employee engagement and HRD. Human Resource Development International, 17(4), 475–490. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.932091 

Valldeneu, M., Ferràs, X., & Tarrats-Pons, E. (2021). Transformational behaviors: Increasing work engagement in multinational environments. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 519-527. doi: 10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.41 

Van De Voorde, K., & Beijer, S. (2015). The role of employee HR attributions in the relationship between high-performance work systems and employee outcomes. Human Resource Management Journal, 62-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12062 

Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 83(4), 981-1002. 

Van der Klink, J., Bltmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli,W. B., Zijlstra, F., Brouwer, S, & Van der Wilt, G-J. (2016). Sustainable employability; its definition, conceptualization, and assessment: a perspective based on the capability approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42, 71–79. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3531 

Van Rooy, D. L., Whitman, D. S., Hart, D., & Caleo, S. (2011). Measuring employee engagement during a financial downturn: Business imperative or nuisance? Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(2), 147-152. 

Van Tuin, L., Schaufeli, W. B., & Van den Broeck, A. (2021). Engaging leadership: Enhancing work engagement through intrinsic values and need satisfaction. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(4), 483–505. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.21430 

Van Tuin, L., Schaufeli, W. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2022). Navigating motivation at work: About leadership, purpose, values and basic psychological needs. Gedrag en Organisatie, 35(2), 113 – 141. doi: 10.5117/GO2022.2.001.TUIN 

van Woerkom, M., Meyers, M. C., & Bakker, A. B. (2020). Considering strengths use in organizations as a multilevel construct [Advance online publication]. Human Resource Management Review, Article Advance online publication. 

Vandenabeele, W. (2014). Explaining public service motivation: The role of leadership and basic needs satisfaction. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 34, 153-173. doi:10.1177/0734371x14521458 

VanderWeele, T. (2017). On the promotion of human flourishing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(31), 8148–8156. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702996114 

Vaskova Kjulavkovska, M., Serafini, G. O., & Szamosi, L. T. (2022). Integrating training and performance management of civil aviation inspectors: A pilot study of the mediating role of competency-based training. International Journal of Training and Development, 26(1), 29 – 54. doi: 10.1111/ijtd.12234 

Velasco, R.C.L., Hite, R.L., Milbourne, J.D., & Gottlieb, J.J. (2023). Stand out and speak up: exploring empowerment perspectives among advocacy activities of STEM teachers in the US. Teacher Development. doi: 10.1080/13664530.2023.2207095 

Vestergaard E, & Ngaard B (2018) Interprofessional collaboration: An exploration of possible prerequisites for successful implementation. J Interprof Care 32(2):185–195. 

Visone, J. D. (2018). Empowerment through a teacher leadership academy. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 11(2), 192–206. doi:10.1108/JRIT-08-2018-0019 

Visone, J. D. (2022). Empowering teacher leadership: Strategies and systems to realize your school’s potential. USA: Routledge. 

Viswanathan, R., Sarath Lal, N., Prasad, V., & Parveen, J. (2019). Does job satisfaction and employee engagement pave way for employee engagement in IT sector. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2 Special Issue 4), 307-313. 

Volpone, D. S., Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F. (2012). Linkages between racioethnicity, appraisal reactions, and employee engagement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 252-270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00877.x 

Vorina, A., Simoni.c, M., & Vlasova, M. (2017). An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and employee engagement. Economic Themes, 55, 243–262. doi: 10.1515/ethemes-2017-0014 

Vu, N.-T., & Nguyen, D. A. (2022). “Minority Students’ Experiences are Part of Our Life of Teaching”: Hierarchical Multiple Regressions of Vietnamese Teacher Autonomous Motivation and Teacher Engagement. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 9(2), 20-48. doi: 10.29333/ejecs/949 

Wagiran, Pardjono, & Sofyan, H. (2020). What industry needs of vocational school graduate competence in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(05), 2459-2470. Retrieved from http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/11137 

Waite, A. 2014. Leadership’s influence on innovation and sustainability: A review of the literature and implications for HRD. European Journal of Training and Development, 38, 15–39. 

Walter, G. (2016). An analysis if the benefits of employee engagement on organisational performance. A case for companies in the Commercial Sector in Harare (Master’s thesis). University of Zimbabwe. 

Walters, V. R. (2022). Elementary Principals’ Experiences Building Capacity for Teachers’ Critical-Thinking Pedagogy: A Qualitative Study (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). 

Wan Hanafi, W. N., & Daud, S. (2019). Attaining sustainable organization in an era of technology disruption through leadership and strategic decision making: Mediating role of organizational politics. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 9(1), 3561-35661. 

Wan Hanafi, W. N., Daud, S., & Baharin, N. L. (2016). Blue ocean leadership determinants. Proceedings of 73rd The IIER International Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 

Wan Hanafi, W. N., Daud, S., & Baharin, N. L. (2018). Blue ocean leadership and emotional intelligence in government link companies (GLCs): Preparing for Industry 4.0. SHS Web of Conferences, 56, 1-14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185604008 

Wan Hanafi, W. N., Daud, S., Islam, M. K., Bahrin, N. L., Ramli, A. A., & Isa, A. (2017).  Blue ocean leadership and employee engagement. Advanced Science Letters, 23(9), 8723-8727. doi: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9958 

Wang, A., Yu, S., Wang, M., Wu, L., Wang, D., & Huang, L. (2023). Promoting meaningful peer feedback among in-service Chinese language teachers in an online lesson study. System, 115, 103055. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2023.103055 

Wang, C., Xu, J., Zhang, T. C., & Li, Q. M. (2020). Effects of professional identity on turnover intention in China’s hotel employees: The mediating role of employee engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 10–22. 

Wang, J. (2016). The antecedents of employee engagement: A comparative analysis between Finland and Asia. Helsinki: Aalto University. 

Wang, J., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. J. (2022). Effects of Teacher Engagement on Students’ Achievement in an Online English as a Foreign Language Classroom: The Mediating Role of Autonomous Motivation and Positive Emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 950652. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.950652 

Wang, S. -J., Chen, R., & Lu, H. -C. (2023). The Effect of Creators’ Personality Traits and Depression on Teamwork-Based Design Performance. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 248. doi: 10.3390/bs13030248 

Wang, X., Zhang, Z., & Chun, D. (2022). How does mobile workplace stress affect employee innovative behavior? The role of work–family conflict and employee engagement. Behavioral Sciences, 12(1), 2. doi: 10.3390/bs12010002 

Wang, Y., Zhou, M., Zhu, H., & Wu, X. (2023). The impact of abusive supervision differentiation on team performance in team competitive climates. Personnel Review, 52(4), 901-915. doi: 10.1108/PR-04-2021-0281 

Warren, L. L. (2021). The importance of teacher leadership skills in the classroom. Education Journal, 10(1), 8–15. doi:10.11648/j.edu.20211001.12 

Waters, S., & Hensley, M. (2020). A practical guide to the benefits & barriers to mobile technology integration in social studies. Curriculum and Teaching, 35(1), 53­61. 

Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., & Tetrick, L. E. (2002). The role of fair treatment and rewards in perceptions of organizational support and leader member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 590–598. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.590 

Webster, M. D. (2016). Examining philosophy of technology using grounded theory methods. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 17(2), Art. 5. 

Weddle, H. (2023). Team emotion matters: exploring teacher collaboration dynamics over time. Journal of Educational Change, 24(1), 77-105. doi: 10.1007/s10833­021-09436-0 

Welch, M. (2011). The evolution of the employee engagement concept: Communication implications. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 16(4), 328–346. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563281111186968. 

Welch, M., & Jackson, P. R. (2007). Rethinking internal communication: A stakeholder approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(2), 177– 198. 

Wen, D., Yan, D., & Sun, X. (2022). Employee satisfaction, employee engagement and turnover intention: The moderating role of position level. Human Systems Management, 41(3), 407-422. doi: 10.3233/HSM-211505 

Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 134–171. doi:10.3102/0034654316653478 

West, B., Patera, J., & Carsten, M. (2009). Team level positivity: Investigating positive psychological capacities and team level outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 249-267. 

Whitman, D. S., Van Rooy, D. L., & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Satisfaction, citizenship behaviors, and performance in work units: A meta-analysis of collective construct relations. Personnel Psychology, 63, 41-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1744­6570.2009.01162.x 

Wiggins, B. C. (2000). Detecting and dealing with outliers in univariate and multivariate contexts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Kentucky. 

Wijga, M., Endedijk, M. D., & Veldkamp, B. P. (2023). A Social Regulation Perspective on Team Reflexivity: The Development of an Analytical Framework. Vocations and Learning, 16(2), 251-291. doi: 10.1007/s12186­023-09315-0 

Wilson, S. (2020). Pandemic leadership: Lessons from New Zealand’s approach to COVID-19. Leadership, 16(3), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020929151 

Winarno, A., Prasetio, A. P., Luturlean, B. S., & Wardhani, S. K. (2022). The link between perceived human resource practices, perceived organisational support and employee engagement: A mediation model for turnover intention. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, a1802. doi: 10.4102/sajhrm.v20i0.1802 

Winasis, S., Djumarno, Riyanto, S., & Ariyanto, E. (2021). The effect of transformational leadership climate on employee engagement during digital transformation in indonesian banking industry. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 5(2), 91-96. doi: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.3.001 

Wollard, K. K., & Shuck, B. (2011). Antecedents to employee engagement: A structured review of the literature. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(4), 429–446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422311431220 

Worku, M. Y., Getahun, D. A., & Agonafir, A. M. (2022). Improving Teachers’ Engagement in Action Research: A Baseline Study in Primary Schools of Bahir Dar City. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 35(5), 635–653. doi: 10.1007/s11213-021-09586-5 

Wu, W., Chin, W., & Liu, Y. (2022). Technostress and the smart hospitality employee. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(3), 404-426. doi: 10.1108/JHTT-01-2021-0032 

Wu, Z., Li, J., & Cheng, L. (2022). Understanding EFL Teacher Engagement in TDTs’ Collaborative Curriculum Design: A Chinese Case Study From the Activity Theory Perspective. Front. Psychol. 13, 825274. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825274 

Wuestewald, M. I. (2022). A legitimacy crisis? Exploring the relationships between police self-legitimacy, employee engagement, and civic engagement. Police Practice and Research, 23(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/15614263.2021.1984913 

Xerri, M. (2013). Workplace relationships and the innovative behavior of nursing employees: A social exchange perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(1), 103-123. 

Xerri, M. J. (2012). Workplace relationships and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees: A social exchange perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(1), 103-123. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.17447941.2012.00031.x 

Xiao, J., Jiang, Z., Wang, L., & Yu, T. (2023). What can multimodal data tell us about online synchronous training: Learning outcomes and engagement of in-service teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1092848. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1092848 

Xiaomei, L., & Chaomin, G. (2021). Analysis of "Influence of inclusive leadership on team performance" based on SPSS software: Based on the mediating role of employee voice behaviors. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 351–357. doi: 10.1145/3473714.3473776 

Xu, H., & Ko, P. Y. (2019). Enhancing teachers’ knowledge of how to promote self-regulated learning in primary school students: A case study in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, 80, 106-114. 

Xu, H., Yang, C., & Sun, J. (2023). The influence of inclusive leadership on team performance in the entrepreneurial context. Social Behavior and Personality, 51(5), e11510. doi: 10.2224/sbp.11510 

Yadav, A., Pandita, D., & Singh, S. (2022). Work-life integration, job contentment, employee engagement and its impact on organizational effectiveness: A systematic literature review. Industrial and Commercial Training, 54(3), 509­527. doi: 10.1108/ICT-12-2021-0083 

Yakovchenko, V, Morgan, T. R., Chinman, M. J., Powell, B. J., Gonzalez, R., Park, A., Malone, P. S., Chartier, M., Ross, D., & Rogal, S. S. (2021). Mapping the road to elimination: a 5-year evaluation of implementation strategies associated with hepatitis C treatment in the veterans health administration. BMC Health Serv Res., 21(1), 1348. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07312-4 

Yamamoto, J.-I., Fukui, T., Nishii, K., Kato, I., & Pham, Q.T. (2022). Digitalizing gratitude and building trust through technology in a post-covid-19 world— report of a case from Japan. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 22. 

Yan, Y., Zhang, J., Akhtar, M. N., & Liang, S. (2021). Positive leadership and employee engagement: The roles of state positive affect and individualism-collectivism. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02192-7 

Yang, G. (2021). Leader positive humor and employee creativity: The mediating role of work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality, 49(7), e10215. doi: 10.2224/sbp.10215 

Yang, N. (2022). An Investigation Into the Interplay Between Chinese EFL Teachers' Emotional Intelligence, Ambiguity Tolerance, and Work Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 929933. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929933 

Yang, S., Shu, D., & Yin, H. (2022). The bright side of dark emotions: Exploring EFL teachers’ emotions, emotional capital, and engagement in curriculum implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 117, 103811. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103811 

Yerdelen, S., Durksen, T., & Klassen, R. M. (2018). An international validation of the engaged teacher scale. Teachers and Teaching, 24(6), 673-689. 

Yoon, J., & Thye, S. (2000). Supervisor support in the work place: Legitimacy and positive affectivity. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600472 

Yoon, J., Jeong, Y., & Kim, M. (2023). Shared Leadership, Dynamic Capability, and Effectiveness in Teams: The Case of Korean Firms. Journal of Leadership Studies, 16(4), 4-21. doi: 10.1002/jls.21830 

York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What Do We Know About Teacher Leadership? Findings From Two Decades of Scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255–316. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074003255 

Younas, A, Wang, D, Javed, B, & Zaffar, M. A. (2021). Moving beyond the mechanistic structures: The role of inclusive leadership in developing change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour. Can J Adm Sci. 38, 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1586 

Yu, T., Yang, C., Zhang, X., & Xia, Y. (2021). Effect of chief executive officers as servant leaders on team project performance: A social learning perspective. Social Behavior and Personality, 49(7), e10029. doi: 10.2224/sbp.10029 

Yunos, S., & Din, R. (2019). The generation Z readiness for industrial revolution 4.0. Creative Education, 10(12), 2993-3002. doi: 10.4236/ce.2019.1012223  

Zaccaro, S. (2012). Individual differences and leadership: Contributions to a third tipping point. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), 718–728. 

Zahraee, S. M., Shiwakoti, N., & Stasinopoulos, P. (2022). Agricultural biomass supply chain resilience: COVID-19 outbreak vs. sustainability compliance, technological change, uncertainties, and policies. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 4, 100049. doi: 10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100049 

Zakaria, Z., Idris, K., & Ismail, M. B. (2017). Blue ocean leadership (BOL) practices towards promoting employee engagement in public service. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 85-98. 

Zeeshan, S., Ng, S. I., Ho, J. A., & Jantan, A. H. (2021). Assessing the impact of servant leadership on employee engagement through the mediating role of self-efficacy in the Pakistani banking sector. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1), 1963029. doi: 10.1080/23311975.2021.1963029 

Zehra, R. (2015). Effects of personality on blue ocean leadership, the impact of blue ocean leadership on life satisfaction. Quest International University Perak: Unpublish master thesis. 

Zellars, K., & Tepper, B. (2003). Beyond social exchange: New directions for organizational citizenship behavior theory and research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 395-424. 

Zhang, T. C., Ronzoni, G., Medeiros, M., & Bufquin, D. (2022). A qualitative assessment of hotel employee engagement in anti-human-trafficking initiatives. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102, 103148. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103148 

Zhang, Z, Waldman, D. A., & Wang, Z. (2012). A multilevel investigation of leader– member exchange, informal leader emergence, and individual and team performance. Personnel Psychology, 65(1), 49–78. 

Zhao, H., & Liu, W. (2020). Managerial coaching and subordinates' workplace well­being: A moderated mediation study. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(2), 293–311. 

Zhao, X., Fu, N., & Liang, X. (2023). Whose customer orientation? Exploring the relationships between leaders, team customer orientation climate and customer satisfaction. Journal of Service Theory and Practice. doi: 10.1108/JSTP-09­2022-0210 

Zhong, L., Wayne, S. J., & Liden, R. C. (2016). Job engagement, perceived organizational support, high-performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(6), 823–844. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2076 

Zikmund, W. G., & Babin, B. J. (2006). Exploring Marketing Research. Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western. 

Zondo, R. W. D. (2020). The influence of employee engagement on labour productivity in an automotive assembly organisation in South Africa. South Africa Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 23(1), a3043. 

Zou, M., Kong, D., & Lee, I. (2021). Teacher Engagement with Online Formative Assessment in EFL Writing During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of China. Asia-Pacific Edu Res, 30(6), 487–498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021­00593-7 

Zulkifli, C. Z., Hassan, N. H. A., Hassan, H. N., Ibrahim, A. B., Noerhartatie, E., Andjarwati, T., Sustiyatik, E., Ridwan, A., & Susilo, K. E. (2020). Smart rekben tube for TVET education instrument. Test Engineering and Management, 83, 6724-6731.