Agarkar, S. C. (2019). Influence of learning theories on Science education. Resonance, 24, 847-859.  

Akbar, R., & Mukminan. (2019). Biology e-magazine in human respiratory system topic for grade VIII of junior high school. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1233(1). 1-11.  

Anggini, W. Y., & Santosa, I. (2023). Professional digital competency of English teacher: Generation differences. Research and Development Journal of Education, 9(1), 139-151. 

Aydin, A., Gursoy, A., & Karal, H. (2023). Mobile care app development process: Using the ADDIE model to manage symptoms after breast cancer surgery (step 1). Discover Oncology, 14(63).  

Bedekar, A. A. (2022). Describing the role of technology in education. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 14(5).  

Berger, M., Micheal, G., & Christoph, N. (2023). E-comics:  Pictorial  learning  media  to  train students' viewing skills. Journal Emerging Technologies in Education, 1(1), 14-25.  

Blerkom, M. V. (2008). Measurement and statistic for teachers (1st ed.). Routledge.  

Bond, T. G. & Fox, C. M. (2015). Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge.  

Bormanaki, H. B., & Khoshhal, Y. (2017). The role of equilibration in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and its implication for receptive skills: A theoretical study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(5), 996-1005.  

Bougie, R. & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.  

Bringman-Rdenbarger, L., & Hortsch, M. (2020). How students choose e-learning resources: The importance of ease, familiarity, and convenience. FASEB Bioadvances, 2(5), 286-295.  

Budiu, R., & Moran, K. (2021). How many participants for quantitative usability studies: A summary of sample-size recommendations. Nielsen Normal Group 

Bugler, D., Marple, S., Burr, E., Chen-Gaddini, M., & Finkelstein, N. (2017). How teachers judge the quality of instructional materials. WestEd.  

Chamisijatin, L., Lestari, R. D., Husamah, Fauzi, A., Fatmawati, D., & Nurhasanah, S. (2020). Developing comic of human skeletal system and its potential in improving junior high school students' learning achievement. Universal Journal of educational Reserach, 8(12), 6383-6393.  

Daniel, Y. S., & Yi-Shun, W. (2008). Multi-criteria evaluation of the web-based e-learning system: a methodology based on learner satisfaction and its applications. Computers & Education, 50(3), 894-905.  

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.  

Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197. 

Dewi, L. K., & Harini, N. W. (2021). Development of digital comics as a media for biology learning of environmental change for senior high school students. Journal of Biology Education, 10(3), 296-302. 

Dua juta rakyat Malaysia hidap asma. (2022, Jun 7), Berita Harian Online. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2022/06/963221/dua-juta-rakyat-malaysia-hidap-asma  

Emory, C. W., & Cooper, D. R. (1991). Business research methods (4th ed.). Irwin. 

Eva,  R. P. V. B.,  Sumantri,  M.  S.,  &  Winarsih,  M.  (2020).  Media  Pembelajaran  Abad  21:  Komik  Digital untuk  Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Dalam Prosiding Seminar dan Diskusi Pendidikan Dasar. 

Fathizaki Rifin, Mohd Mahzan Awang, Abdul Razaq Ahmad, & Shakila Che Dahalam. (2019). Issues and Challenges in 21st Century Learning of History Education. Dalam Noorlela Noordin, & Norazrina Ngadnon (Eds.), Sustainable Development and Societal Wellbeing in The Current Technological Era (pp. 59 - 63). Padang: Redwhite Pres. 

Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2018). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian. Universiti Malaya.  

Golding, S., & Verrier, D. (2020). Teaching people to read comics: The impact of a visual literacy intervention on comprehension of educational comics. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, 1-13. 

Halid, R., Lamondo, D., Yusuf, F. M., Husain, I., Latjompoh, M., & Solang, M. (2023). The validity of learnig tools based on guided learning on the topic of respiratory system. Journal of Research in Instructional, 3(2), 327-336.  

Hanfstingl, B., Benke, G., & Yuefeng, Z. (2019). Comparing variation theory with Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: More similarities than differences? Educational Action Research, 27(4), 511-526. 

Hardman, J., & Corte, V. B. (2023). The “golden key”: A novel approach to teaching/ learning Biology in a secondary school in Brazil: A cultural historical activity theory approach. South African Journal of Higher Education, 37(3), 1-19.  

Hasibuan, H. (2017). Analisis kesulitan belajar siswa pada materi virus di kelas X Aliyah Al–Fajri Tanjung Balai tahun pembelajaran 2016/2017 [Master’s thesis, UNIMED].  

Hertzum, M. (2022). Usability testing: A practitioner's guide to evaluating the user experience. Springer Nature. 

Hnin, O. W., & Su, S. K. (2020). An investigation into the difficulties of students in learning biology. J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci, 18(9), 183-197. 

Hosniyah, Yulianti, E., Sudrajat, A. K., & Hairiyah. (2023). The development of pbl-based respiratory app learning media on human respiratory system material to improve critical thinking skills of grade 11th students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6166–6173.  

Irdawati, Chatri, M., Wulansari, K., Razak, A., & Fajrina, S. (2023). Development of STEM-based biology e-module to improve students learning outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6694-6700.  

ISO 9241-11. (2018). Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 11: Usability: Definitions and concepts. 

Jobirovich, Y. M. . (2022). Effectiveness of using digital technologies in educational system. European Journal Of Modern Medicine And Practice, 2(4), 124–128. 

Jundu, R., Nendi, F., Kurnila, V. S., Mulu, H., Ningsi, G. P., & Ali, F. A. (2020). Pengembangan video pembelajaran IPA berbasis kontekstual di Manggarai untuk belajar siswa pada masa pandemic covid-19. LENSA (Lentera Sains): Jurnal Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 63-73.  

Junhasavasdikul, D., Sukhato, K., Srisangkaew, S., Theera-Ampornpunt, N., Anothaisintawee, T., & Dellow, A. (2017). Cartoon versus traditional self-study handouts for medical students: Cartoon randomized controlled trial. Medical Teacher, 39(8), 836-843.  

Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2017). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.  

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 (Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah). 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2018). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah Biologi Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Tingkatan 4 dan 5. 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2020). Laporan Analisis Keputusan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) Tahun 2019. 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2020). Laporan Kebangsaan TIMSS 2019 - Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. 

Khair Syakira Bustaman, Siti Nurulhuda Mamat, Siti Azrina Adanan, Amilia Saidin, Aieshah Abdullah Sani, & Khairunnisa Abd Samad. (2021). PictoeZodit (e-comic in teaching practice). International Jasin Multimedia & Computer Science Innovation and Exhibition 2021 Univerisiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka. 55-58. 

Kiess, H. O. (2002). Statistical concepts for the behavioral scinces (3rd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.  

Kipas Hikmat. (2020). Fuiyoo... Senangnya Biologi Tingkatan 4 - 5!. Alaf 21.  

Lund, A. M. (2001). Measuring usability with the USE questionnaire. Usability Interface, 8(2), 3-6.  

Mastura Abdul Razak, Rozita Radhiah Said, & Fathiyah Mohd Fakhruddin. (2021). Analisis penulisan objektif menggunakan konsep “smart” dalam rancangan pelajaran harian bakal guru bpbm bagi mata pelajaran kesusasteraan melayu komunikatif. International Journal of Education and Training, 7(2), 1-12. 

Matuk, C., Hurwich, T., Spiegel, A., & Diamond, J. (2019). How do teachers use comics to promote engagement, equity, and diverisity in Science classroom?. Research in Science Education, 51, 685-732.  

Mazlini Adnan, Jafri Malin Abdullah, Laili Farhana Md Ibrahim, Tan, W. H., Dahlia Janan, Norazilawati Abdullah, et al. (2019). Expanding opportunities for science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects teaching and learning: Connecting through comics. Malays J Med Sci, 26(4), 127-133. 

Melor Yunus, Hadi Salehi, Asnarita Tarmizi, Syarifah Farahana Syed Idrus dan Sri, S. B. (2011). Using digital comics in teaching ESL writing. Recent Researchers in Chemistry, Biology, Environment and Culture, 53-58.  

Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff. (2019). ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation. Education in Medical Journal, 11(2), 49-54. 

Muhammad Zulazizi Mohd Nawi. (2023). Media variations in education in Malaysia: A 21st century paradigm. Firdaus Journal, 3(1), 77-95. 

Nada, B. N., & Wijayanti, E. (2023). Systematic literature review: Penggunaan media pembelajaran komik pada materi biologi. Bio-Edu: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 8(1), 70-79. 

Ningsih, L. R., Rusdi, & Miarsyah, M. (2019). Exploring respiratory system to improve biological learning motivation: resysmart media application. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 12(2), 211-222. 

Noerhandayani, T., Suhara, & Solihat, R. (2021). Penggunaan POE-inqury melalui blended learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran materi sistem respirasi. Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education, 4(1), 44-49. 

Nofista, A. Y., & Ristiono, R. (2022). Development of colored biological comic with pictorial mind map about human circulation system for junior high school student. Bioeducation Journal, 6(2), 60-68. 

Norafidah Noralidin. (2017). Pembinaan model pengajaran kemahiran menulis karangan berdasarkan teori konstruktivisme [Doctaral’s thesis, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris]. 

Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. McGraw-Hill Education.  

Noriantie Ibrahim. (2021). Penggunaan diagram ‘resphogas’ untuk meningkatkan kefahaman dan ingatan pelajar dalam pembelajaran Biologi. Journal on Technical and Vocational Education (JTVE), 6(2), 109-122.  

Ntobuo, N. E., Amali, L. M. K., Paramata, D. D., & Abdjul, T. (2023). Developing elementary school student's learning independence by using android-based gravity e-comic. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 11(3), 668-682. 

Nur Aida Nasuha Roshan, & Shahrina Shahrani. (2022). ARReS: Aplikasi AR sistem respirasi manusia dan haiwan [Degree’s Final Year Project, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]. 

Nurul Haniza Samsudin, Puteri Roslina Abdul Wahid, & Salinah Ja’afar. (2017). Pembelajaran  bahasa  melayukanak-kanak  pemulihan  khas: Pembinaan  bahan  bantu  mengajar. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu, 28, 164-193. 

Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain, Ismassabah Ismail, Nor Azida Mohamed Noh, Anita Mohd Yasin, Zainab Othman, & Siti Nuur Atikah Che Yahaya. (2021). Virtual learning for human respiratory system via non-immersive VR (V-HURESYS): An evaluation. Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing (AETiC), 5(5), 86-93). 

Ong, A. L., Chang, P. K., & Arina Anis Azlan. (2020). Pengesahan instrumen perseps graduan terhadap penguasaan kemahiran insaniah kendiri. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 23(2), 145-154. 

Piaget, J. (1976). To understand is to invent: The future of education. Penguin Books.  

Piaget, J. (1970). Piaget’s theory (Gallerier, G & Langer, T, Trans.). In Mussen, P. H.(Ed.), Carmichael’s manual  of child psychology (3rd ed.). Wiley. 

Puspitarini, Y. D., & Hanif, M. (2019). Using learning media to increase learning motivation in elementary school. Anatolian Journal of education, 4(2), 53-60. 

Putriani, J. D., & Hudaidah, H. (2021). Penerapan pendidikan Indonesia di era revolusi industri 4.0. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(3), 831-838. 

Ramlee Mustapha. (1999). The role of vocational and technical education in the industrialization of Malaysia.  

Ramsundrum, S., & Sathasivam, R. V. (2022). Effect of google sites on Science Achievement among Year Five students. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(2), 24-34. 

Ramadhani, N. F., & Qomariyah, N. (2023). Pengemabngan butir soal menggunakan Wondershare Quiz Creator pada materi sistem respirasi manusia kelas xi SMA. BioEdu Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi, 12(1), 66-77.  

Riduwan. (2012). Skala pengukuran variable-variable: Penelitian. ALFABETA.  

Rokhayani, A., & Utari, A. R. P. (2014). The use of comic strips as an English teaching media for junior high school students. Journal of Language and Literature, 8(2), 143-149.  

Rosset,   A. (1987). Training needs assessment. Educational Technology Publications. 

Roswati, N., Rustaman, N. Y., & Nugraha, I. (2019). The development of science comic in human digestive system topic for junior high school students. Journal of Science Learning, 3(1), 12-18. 

Shin, J. H., & Ye, Y. (2014). Oh, Senangnya Sains Biologi. PTS Media Group Sdn Bhd.   

Shu-Sheng, L., & Hsiu-Mei, H. (2013). Perceived satisfaction, perceived usefulness and interactive learning environments as predictors to self-regulation in e-learning environments. Computers & Education, 60(1), 14–24.  

Steinberg, W. J. (2008). Statistics alive! SAGE.  

Syahdan, S., Herlinawati, H., & Marwa, M. (2021). Learning media and strategies used by English students in practice teaching during the pandemic. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 12(2), 107-116. 

Thampinathan, S. (2022). The application of the constructivism learning theory to physician assistant students in primary care. Education Health, 35(1), 26-30.  

Topano. A., Asiyah, Basinun, Walid. A., Alimi, & Febrini. D. (2020). Improving student cognitive learning outcomes through the development of interactive multimedia-based biology learning at Muhammadiyah University, Bengkulu. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1796, 1-10. 

Udayani, N. K. R. T. K., Wibawa, I. M. C., & Rati, N. W. (2021). Development of  e-comic  learning  media on the topic of the human digestive system. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3), 472-481.  

Voon, S. H., & Amran, M. S. (2021). Pengaplikasian teori pembelajaran konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran Matematik. Sains Insani, 6(2), 73-82.  

Yeh, H. C., & Tseng, S. S. (2019). Using the ADDIE model to nurture the development of teachers’ call professional knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 22 (3), 88–100. 

Yulanda, V., Hamidah, A., & Anggereini, E. (2023). Development of electronic student worksheets (E-LKPD) based on problem based learning as an effort to improve critical thinking of grade VIII middle school students on respiratory system material. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(9), 7326–7332.