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Type :thesis
Subject :TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Main Author :Lila Elamari Mohamed Areibat
Title :Evaluation pf razor clam (Ensis directus) shell as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2018
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This research aimed to evaluate the potential of razor clam (Ensis directus) shell, a fishery waste material, as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous  solution. This research is divided into three parts, namely characterisation studies, adsorption  studies and desorption studies. Several analytical instruments such as scanning electron microscope  (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)  spectrometer were used to characterise the adsorbent. In this study, three metal ions (Cd(II),  Cu(II) and Pb(II)) and four dyes (Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) and methyl  orange (MO)) were used as contaminants. A series of adsorption tests were carried out as a function  of solution pH, adsorbent dosage and initial adsorbate concentration. The adsorption capacity of  razor clam shell for metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions was evaluated in both single and  mix systems. The desorption study was performed using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and sodium  hydroxide as desorption agents. The adsorption efficiency of the proposed adsorbent was compared  with olive tree derived activated carbon, a commercial adsorbent for water treatment in Libya.  Research findings showed that the surface morphology of razor clam shell changed after metal ions  and dyes uptake, indicate a relevant adsorbate-adsorbent interaction. With an exception of MB, the  adsorption of contaminants studied was more favourable at acidic pH media. The Freundlich and  Langmuir isotherm models were employed to correlate the adsorption equilibrium data. Based on  Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities of razor clam shell were calculated as  103 mg/g, 98 mg/g and 357 mg/g for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions, respectively. Meanwhile, the  maximum adsorption capacities for CR, MB, MO and RB were determined as 115 mg/g, 24 mg/g, 9 mg/g  and 1.16 mg/g, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of carbonate functional group on the  surface of razor clam shell was beneficial for adsorption mechanism. In implication, the  application of razor clam shell as a low-cost adsorbent could reduce the operational cost for water treatment in developing countries.  

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