UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About

QR Code Link :

Type :article
Subject :L Education (General)
ISSN :2222-6990
Main Author :Baharom Masri, Mansor Mahaliza,
Title :Validity and reliability of locomotor development inventory in Malaysian Education context (IR)
Place of Production :HRMARS
Year of Publication :2017
PDF Full Text :The author has requested the full text of this item to be restricted.

Full Text :
The purpose of this article is to report the, validity and reliability of locomotor development inventory that has been used to evaluate locomotor development of children aged 7, 8 and 9 years old. The first phase of the study has been carried out through Exploratory Factor Analysis and test re-test procedure by using data from 90 boys from a primary school in Penang, Malaysia. The Exploratory Factor Analysis through orthogonal rotation varimax method has shown six sub test have been developed. Meanwhile, the test re-test coefficient is .98. The reliability and objectivity of the assistant examiner also have been obtained, the r coefficient ranged from .88 to .95 and ranged from .84 to .92, accordingly. The Cronbach Alpha of the overall items is .82. For the second phase of the study, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis as well as Pearson correlation analysis has been carried out toward data of 192 boys from the primary schools in Malaysia. The purpose of this analysis is to support the factor structure developed from the first phase of the study. The Cronbach Alpha of the items is .82, meanwhile for each subtest developed ranged from .74 to .89. As the conclusion, the result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the six subtest developed from the first phase of the study and the subtest are distinctive.

References
1. Agnes W.Y.P., & Daniel T. P. F. (2009). Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency Of Hong Kong Children Aged 6–9 Years. Research In Sports Medicine, 17: 125–144, 2. Anastasi, A. dan Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 79-83. 3. Apache, R.R. (2005). Activity-based intervention in motor skill development. Perceptual motor skill,100, 1011-1020. 4. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Coups, E. J. (2005). Statistics for psychology [With study guide]. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. 5. Ary, D., Jacobs, L., C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 6. Baharom, M. (2012). Perkembangan motor kasar kanak-kanak umur 7 hingga 9 tahun di negeri Pulau Pinang. International sport science conference, USM. 7. Baharom, M. (2013). Kesan Permainan Kecil Terhadap Perkembangan Motor Kasar KanakKanak Sekolah Rendah Di Negeri Pulau Pinang. Tesis Ph.D tidak diterbitkan UPSI. 8. Barnett, L. M., Van Beurden, E. Morgan. P. J., Brook, L. O., & Bread, J. R. (2009). Childhood motor skill proficiency as predictor of adolescent physical activity. Journal of adolescent health, 44, 252-259. 9. Baumgartner, T. A; Jackson, A. S., Mahar, M. T, & Rowe, D. A. (2007). Measurement for evaluation in physical education & Exercise Science (7th ed). New York McGraw Hill Higher Education. 10. Byrne, B., M. (2010) Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. New York: Routledge. 11. Burton, W. A., & Miller, E. D. (1998). Movement skill assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 12. Bruce, T, and Meggit, C. (2005). Child care and education. London, Hodder & Stoughton. 13. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007).Research methods in education. New York: Routledge. 14. Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1993). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 15. Cools, W., Martelaer, K., Samaey, C., Andries, C. (2011). Fundamental movement skill performance of preschool children in relation to family context. Journal of Sports Sciences.1-13. 16. Choi, N., Fuqua, D., R., & Newman, J., L. (2009) Exploratory and confirmatory studies of the structure of the bem sex role inventory short form with two divergent samples. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 9, (4) 696-705. 17. Chrysagis, N., Douka, A., Nikopoulos, M., Apostolopoulou, F., & Koutsouki, D. (2009). Effects of an aquatic program on gross motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy.Biology Of Exercise, 52. 18. Dickey, D. (1996). Testing the fit of our models of psychological dynamics using confirmatory methods: An introductory primer. In B. Thompson (Ed.), Advances in social science methodology (Vol. 4, ms. 219-227). Greenwich, CT: JAI. 19. Evaggelinou, C., Tsigilis, N. and Papa, A. (2002). Construct validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development: a cross-validation approach. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, 483-495. 20. Flowers, C. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of scores on the clinical experience rubric:A measure of dispositions for pre service teachers. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, (3) 478-488 21. Gabbard, C. P. (2008). Lifelong motor development (5th ed.). CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings . 22. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research:An introduction. Boston:Allyn & Bacon. 23. Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2006). Understanding motor development: infants, children, adolescents, adults (6th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. 24. Gallahue, D. L. (2006). Motor development in early childhood education. McGraw Hill. 25. Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 26. Goodway, J. D., & Rudisill, M. E. (1996). Influence of a motor skill intervention program on perceived motor competence of at risk African American pre-schoolers. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 13, 288-301. 27. Goodway, J. D., & Branta, C. F. (2003). Effect of motor skill intervention on fundamental motor skill development of disadvantaged preschool children. Research Quartley for Exercise and Sport, 74(1) 36-49. 28. Hair, J., F., Black, W., C., Babin, B., J., Anderson, R., E., & Tatham R., L. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 29. Hall, T. J., & McCullick, B. A. (2002). Discover, design, and invent: divergent production. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 13(7), 22-24. 30. Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21, 34 -64. 31. Hashim, A,. (2004). Pengukuran kecergasan motor. Tanjong Malim Malim, Perak; Quantum Books. 32. Hastad, D.N.,& Lacy,A. C.(2002). Measurement and evaluation in physical education and exercise science (4th ed.). Needham Height. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon. 33. Haywood, K. M., & Getchell, N. (2005). Life span motor development (4th ed.). Champaign, IL:Human Kinetic. 34. Haywood, K. M., & Getchell, N. (2009). Lifespan motor development (5th ed.). Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics. 35. Henson, R., K., Capraro, R., M., & Capraro, M., M. (2004). Reporting practice and use of exploratory factor analysis in educational research journals. Research in the school, 11, 61-72. 36. Henson, R., K.& Roberts, J.,K. (2006) Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research common errors and some comment on improved practice, Educational and Psychological Measurement,66,(3) 393-416 37.Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M., (1999) Cut off criteria for fit indices in covariance structural analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling, 6, 1-55. 38. Hulin., C. L., Drasgow, F., & Parson, C. K. (1983). Item response theory. Homewood Ill: Dow Jones-Irwin. 39. Icobucchi, D. (2010). Structural equation modelling: Fit indices, sample size and advance topics. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(2010) 90-98. 40. Johnson,R.,B.,& Christensen,L. B.(2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative,and mixed approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 41. Jenson,B.J., & Bullard, J. A.(2002). The mud centre: Recapturing childhood. Young Children,57(3), 16-19. 42. Kerri, L., Staples, A. E & Reid, G. (2009). Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders, Springer Science & Business Media, LCC. 43. Kollias,I., Hatzitaki, V., Papaiakovou, G., Giatsis, G.(2001).Using principal components analysis to identify individual differences in vertical jump performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: 72(1): 63-67. 44. Kline, R., B. (2010) Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. The Guilford Press: New York. 45. Kwan, H.L. (2009). Effect Of A 5-Week Motor Skills-Related Program In Over Fat/Obese Children. An Honours Project Equipment For The Design Of Bachelor Of Arts In Physical Education And Recreation Management, Hong Kong Baptist University. 46. Mansor, Mat Norwani & Marzuki (2011). Validity and reliability of the school-based professional development leader roles inventory. Management Research Journal, 1(1), 73-87. 47. Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage 48. Miller,D. K. (2002). Measurement by the Physical Educator: Why and How (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 49. Mohd Noah, S., & Ahmad, J. (2005). Pembinaan modul; Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Penerbit UPM. 50. Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Disch, J. G., & Mood, D. P. (1995). Measurement and evaluation in human performance (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 51. Nunnally, J.,C., & Bernstein, I., H., (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. 52. Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS Survival Manual. A manual by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (Version 10). McPherson’s Marry borough, Victoria. 53. Rudisill, M. E. (1989). Influence of perceived competence and casual dimension orientation expectations, persistence, and performance during perceived failure. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60(2), 166-175. 54. Rudisill, M. E., Mahar, M. T., & Meaney, K. S. (1993). The relationship between children's perceived and actual motor competence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76(3), 895-906. 55. Sidek Mohd Noah & Jamaludin Ahmad (2005). Pembinaan modul. Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. 56. Safrit, M. J. (1973). Evaluation in physical education assessing motor behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 57. Safrit, M. J. (1981). Evaluation in physical education (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 58. Safrit, M. J., & Wood, T. M. (1995). Introduction to measurement in physical education and exercise science (3rd ed.). 41. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. 59. Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 60. Simons, J., Daly, D., Theodorou, F., Caron, C., Simons, J., and Andoniadou, E. (2008) Validity and reliability of the TGMD-2 in 7-10-year-old Flemish children with intellectual disability.Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 25(1), 71-82. 61. Sireci, S. G., Yang, Y., Harter, J., & Ehrlich, E. J. (2006). Evaluating guidelines for test adaptations: A methodological analysis of translation quality. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,37(5), 557-567. doi:10.1177/0022022106290478 62. Schumacker, R., E. & Lomax, R., G. (2004). A beginner`s guide to structural equation modelling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 63. Sollerhed, A. C., Apitzsch, E., Rastam, L., & Ejlertsson, G. (2008). Factor associated with young children's self-perceived physical competence and self-reported physical activity. Health Education Research, 23(1), 125-136. 64. Southall, J. E., Okely, A. D., & Steele, J. R. (2004). Actual and perceived physical competence in overweight and non-overweight children. Pediatric Exercise and Science, 16, 15-24 65. Tabachnick, B., G., & Fidell, L. (2007). Using multivariate statistic. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 66. Thomas J. R. & Nelson, J. K. (1996). Research Methods in Physical Activity (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinatics. 67. Tuckman, B. W., & Waheed, M. A. (1981). Evaluation an individualized science programme for community college students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18, 489-495. 68. Ulrich, B. D. (1989). Development of stepping patterns in human infants: A dynamical systems perspective. Journal of Motor Behavior, 21, 392-408. 69. Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Weiss, M. R., & Amorose, 70. A. J. (2005). Children‟s self-perceptions in the physical domain:Between-and within-age variability in level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27, 226-244. 71. Williams, K. C. (2008). Elementary Classroom Management: A Student-Centered Approach to Leading and Learning. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. 72. Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kondilis, V. A. (2006). The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 118 (6), 1758-1765. 73. Wong, K. Y. A., & Cheung, S. Y. (2007). Structural validity of the test of gross motor development-2. AAHPERD National Convention and Exposition, (March 13-17, 2007) Baltimore. 74. Wouter, C., Kristine, D. M., Christiane, S., & Caroline, A. (2009). Movement Skill assesment of typically developing preschool children: A review of seven movement skill assessment tools. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 8, 154-168.

This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries with this repository, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or Whatsapp +60163630263 (Office hours only)