[1] Luo X, Pietrobon R, Sun SX, Liu GG, Hey L. Estimates and patterns of direct health care expenditures among individuals with back pain in the United States. Spine, 2004, 29(1),79-86. [2] Cherkin D C, Deyo R A, Volinn E, Loeser J D. Use of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) to identify hospitalizations for mechanical low back problems in administrative databases. Spine, 1992, 17(7), 817-825. [3] EhrlichGE.Low back pain. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2003, 81(9),691-693. [4] Deyo R A, Phillips W R. Low back pain: a primary care challenge. Spine, 1996, 21(24), 2826-2832. [5] Natour J, Cazotti L D, Ribeiro L H, Baptista A S, Jones A. Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitation, 2015, 29(1), 59-68. [6] Croft P, Rigby A S, Boswell R, Schollum J, Silman A. The prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population.The Journal of rheumatology, 1993, 20(4), 710-713. [7] Nguyen T H, Randolph D C. Nonspecific low back pain and return to work. American family physician, 2007, 76(10). [8] Altman R D, Marcussen K C. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2001, 44(11), 2531-2538. [9] Geiger J L. The essential oil of ginger, Zingiberofficinale, and anaesthesia. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 2005, 15(1), 7-14. [10] Terry R, Posadzki P, Watson L K, Ernst E. The use of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) for the treatment of pain: a systematic review of clinical trials. Pain medicine, 2011, 12(12), 1808-1818. [11] Xu X, Jiang Z, Du X, editors. Complete external therapies of Chinese drugs. Foreign Languages Press, 1998. [12] Fingado M. TherapeutischeWickel und Kompressen: Handbuchaus der Ita-WegmannKlinik. Natura-Verlag, 2001. [13] Leach M J, Kumar S. The clinical effectiveness of Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) in adults with osteoarthritis. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, 2008, 6(3), 311-320. [14] Pour H A, Norouzzade R, Heidari M R, Ogut S, Yaman H, Gokce S. Therapeutic Properties of Zingiberofficinale Roscoe: A Review. 2014. [15] Terry R, Posadzki P, Watson L K, Ernst E. The use of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) for the treatment of pain: a systematic review of clinical trials. Pain medicine, 2011, 12(12),1808-1818. [16] Long B C, Hopkins J T. Superficial moist heat’s lack of influence on soleus function. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2009, 18(3), 438-447. [17] Hawkes A R, Draper D O, Johnson A W, Diede M T, Rigby J H. Heating capacity of ReBound shortwave diathermy and moist hot packs at superficial depths. Journal of athletic training, 2013, 48(4), 471-476. [18] Lin Y H. Effects of thermal therapy in improving the passive range of knee motion: comparison of cold and superficial heat applications. Clinical rehabilitation, 2003, 17(6), 618-623. [19] French S D, Cameron M, Walker B F, Reggars J W, Esterman A J. A Cochrane review of superficial heat or cold for low back pain.Spine.2006, 31(9), 998-1006. [20] Therkleson T, Sherwood P. Patients’ experience of the external therapeutic application of ginger by anthroposophically trained nurses. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 2004, 4(1). [21] Altman R D, Marcussen K C. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2001, 44(11), 2531-2538. [22] Yip Y B, Tam A C. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for moderate-to-severe knee pain among the elderly in Hong Kong.Complementary therapies in medicine, 2008, 16(3), 131-138. [23] Black, C. D., Herring, M. P., Hurley, D. J., & O'Connor, P. J. (2010). Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. The Journal of Pain,11(9), 894-903. [24] Sritoomma N, Moyle W, Cooke M, O’ Dwyer S. The effectiveness of Swedish massage with aromatic ginger oil in treating chronic low back pain in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2014, 22(1), 26-33. [25] Khalvat A. Comparing the effects of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) extract and ibuprofen on patients with osteoarthritis.Archives of Iranian medicine, 2005, 8(4), 267-271. [26] Thomson M, Al-Qattan K K, Al-Sawan S M, Alnaqeeb M A, Khan I, Ali M. The use of ginger (ZingiberofficinaleRosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids,2002,67(6),475-8. [27] Geiger J L. The essential oil of ginger, Zingiberofficinale, and anaesthesia. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 2005, 15(1), 7-14. [28] Chrubasik S, Pittler M H, Roufogalis B D. Zingiberisrhizoma: a comprehensive review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine, 2005, 12(9), 684-701. [29] Knight C A, Rutledge C R, Cox M E, Acosta M, Hall S J. Effect of superficial heat, deep heat, and active exercise warm-up on the extensibility of the plantar flexors. Physical Therapy, 2001, 81(6), 1206-1214. [30] Bell G W, Prentice W E. Infrared modalities (therapeutic heat and cold). Therapeutic Modalities in Sports Medicine.(4th Ed), Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill, 1999, pp. 173-206. [31] Draper D O, Harris S T, Schulthies S, Durrant E, Knight K L, Ricard M. Hot-pack and 1-MHz ultrasound treatments have an additive effect on muscle temperature increase. Journal of athletic training, 1998, 33(1), 21.