Hak penentuan kendiri orang asal: tinjauan mekanisme terpilih di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa

Muhamad Sayuti Hassan@Yahya

Abstract

Perkara 3 Deklarasi mengenai Hak Orang Asal (DHOA) mengiktiraf hak penentuan kendiri Orang Asal. Sungguhpun begitu, pengiktirafan dari aspek amalan di peringkat domestik masih perlu diberi perhatian. Mekanisme di bawah sistem Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu adalah antara platform yang dapat memperkasakan hak penentuan kendiri Orang Asal. Penulisan ini menetapkan tiga objektif utama. Pertama, artikel ini menjelaskan takrifan dan status hak penentuan kendiri Orang Asal di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Pada bahagian kedua, artikel ini meninjau peranan tiga mekanisme utama iaitu Forum Kekal mengenai Isu Orang Asal (FKIOA), Mekanisme Pakar mengenai Hak Orang Asal (MPHOA) dan Pelapor Khas mengenai Hak Orang Asal (PKHOA) untuk memperkasakan pengoperasian hak penentuan kendiri Orang Asal di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Di samping itu, artikel ini menganalisis peranan mekanisme-mekanisme berkenaan dalam melindungi hak penentuan kendiri Orang Asal. Bagi mencapai kesemua objektif di atas, artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kajian perpustakaan. Hasil analisis kajian ini mendapati bahawa mekanisme yang dinyatakan di atas mampu menyokong perjuangan dan pembelaan terhadap Orang Asal di peringkat domestik. Walau bagaimanapun, pengiktirafan dari segi teori dan praktis memainkan peranan yang penting untuk memberi perlindungan hak kepada Orang Asal secara menyeluruh.

References

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