A.  Babiker,  M.  E.  (2015).  For  Effective  Use  of  Multimedia  in  Education,  Teachers  Must 

Develop their Own Educational Multimedia Applications TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of 

Educational Technology – October 2015, volume 14 issue 4 62-68

 

Abas,  Z.  W.,  Osman,  R.,  Kumar.,  P.  R.  &  Thangapragasam,  S.  (2009)  Effectiveness  of 

Multimedia     Courseware     Design:     Towards     Quality     Learning     in     ODL. 

http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/8/1/Effectiveness_of.pdf

 

Abdoh Alsam, M. (2015). The Impact of Using Multimedia in an Online Learning Setting for College  

Students.  International  Journal  of  Educational  Research  and  Information Science. Vol. 2, No. 

4, 2015, pp. 108-121.

 

Abdul Rahman, H., Zainal, N. & Abdul Karim, N. A.(2015). Keberkesanan Penggunaan ICT Di Dalam 

Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam Bagi Sekolah Kebangsaan Desa  Pandan  Kuala  Lumpur.  

Proceeding  IC-ITS  2015  International  Conference  on Information Technology & Society 8-9 June 

2015, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

 

Abdul  Razak,  R.  (2013).   Shared   Knowledge  Among  Graphic   Designers,   Instructional 

Designers And Subject Matter Experts In Designing Multimedia Based Instructional Media. TOJET: The 

Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – July 2013, volume 12 issue 3

 

Abela,  J.  (2009).  Adult  learning  theories  and  medical  education:  a  review.  Malta  

Medical Journal Volume 21 Issue 01 March 2009

 

Abrami,  P.  C.,  Bernard,  R.  M.,  Bures,  E.  M.,  Borokhovski,  E.,  &  Tamim,  R.  M.  (2011). 

Interaction in distance education and  online learning: Using evidence  and theory to improve 

practice. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 23(2-3), 82-103.

 

Adler, A. (2017). Positive Education: Educating For Academic Success and For A Fulfilling Life.     

   Psychologist        Papers,        2017.        Vol.        38(1),        pp.        50-57

https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2821

 

Adnan Khan, F. M. & Masood, M. (2013). The Design And Development Of A Multimedia Assisted   

Mastery   Learning   Courseware   In   Learning   Of   Cellular   Respiration. Proceedings of the 

4th International Conference on Computing and Informatics, ICOCI 2013 28-30 August, 2013 Sarawak, 

Malaysia

 

Ahmad  Badawi,  Abdullah  Hj.  (2004)  Teks  Ucapan:  “Penyuburan  Semula  Pendidikan: Menyediakan  

Malaysia  Bagi  Menghadapi  Realiti  Abad  Ke-21.  Sidang  Kemuncak Pendidikan 2004. Hotel Sunway 

Lagoon Resort, 27 April 2004 Atas talian 4 Mei 2013

 

Ahmad, A. H. & Sulong, S. (2017). Pembangunan Dan Keberkesanan Perisian Kursus Dalam Pembelajaran 

Rekabentuk Logik Bagi Pembangunan Sistem. e- Proceeding National Innovation and Invention 

Competition through Exhibition (ICOMPEX) 21 - 23 Mac

2017 1-6

 

Albert,  A.  &  Hallowel,  M.  R.  (2013).  Revamping  occupational  safety  and  health  training: 

Integrating  andragogical  principles  for  the  adult  learner.  Australasian  Journal  of 

Construction Economics and Building. 13 (3) 128-140

 

Aldiab,  A.,  Chowdhury,  H.,  Kootsookos,  A.  &  Alam,  F.  (2017).  Prospect  of  eLearning  in 

higher education sectors of Saudi Arabia: A review. Energy Procedia 110 (2017) 574

– 580

 

Alhassan,  A.  M.  (2012).  Factors  Affecting  Adult  Learning  And  Their  Persistence:  A 

Theoretical Approach. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp 150 – 

168, September 2012. URL: http://www.ejbss.com/recent.aspx

 

 

Ali, A. (2008). Issues and challenges in implementing e-learning in Malaysia. Retrieved 10 March,   

     2013,        from        http://library.oum.edu.my/repository/145/1/issues_and

_challenges.pdf

 

Ali, S., Uppal, M. A. & Gulliver, S. (2018) A conceptual framework highlighting e-

learning implementation barriers.   Information Technology & People, 31 (1). pp. 156- 180. ISSN 

09593845 doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP1020160246

 

Allen,  S.  (2016).  Applying  adult  learning  principles  to  online  course  design.  Distance 

Learning,  13(3),  25-32.  Retrieved  from  http://search.proquest.com.ezaccess.library. 

uitm.edu.my/docview/1876043451?accountid=42518

 

Almarashdeh,  I.  &  Alsmadi,  M.  (2016)  Investigating  The  Acceptance  Of  Technology  In 

Distance  Learning  Program.  International  Conference  on  Information  Science  and 

Communications Technologies (ICISCT) 2016 2-4 November, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 1-5

 

Al-Qassabi, H. & Al-Samarraie H. (2013). Applying Gagne’s Nine Events in the Design of an 

Interactive eBook to Learn 3D Animation. Advances in Computing 2013, 3(3): 60-72

 

Alsadhan, A. O., Alhomod, S. & Shafi, M. M. (2014). Multimedia Based E-learning: Design and   

Integration   of   Multimedia   Content   in   E-learning.   International   Journal   of Emerging 

Technologies In Learning Vol 9, No 3 (2014)

 

Amoozegar, A., Mohd Daud, S., Mahmud, R. & Ab. Jalil, H. (2018). Exploring Learner to Institutional 

 Factors  and  Learner  Characteristics  as  a  Success  Factor  in  Distance Learning. 

International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences Volume 4, Issue 6, ISSN 

(Online) : 2349–5219

 

Arghode, V., Brieger, E. W. & McLean, G. N. (2017). Adult learning theories: implications for 

online instruction", European Journal of Training and Development, Vol. 41 Issue: 7, pp.593-609,

 

Arinto, P. (2016). Issues and Challenges in Open and Distance e-Learning: Perspectives from the 

Philippines. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning

Volume 17, Number 2 February 2016

 

Asari, F. F. A. H., Muhamad, S. & Megat Khalid, P. Z. (2017). Globalisation and Liberalisation Of 

Malaysian Higher Education. ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 1, November 2017, 

1-14

 

Attri,  A.  K.  (2012).  Distance  Education:  Problems  and  Solutions.  International  Journal  

Of Behavioral Social and Movement Sciences. Vol.01, Oct.2012,Issue04 ISSN: 2277-7547

 

Ausburn, L. J. (2011). Course design elements most valued by adult learners in blended online 

education environments: An American perspective. Educational Media International, 41(4), 327-337.

 

Australian       Islamic       Library       (2011).       Adult       Learning,       Retrieved    

   from http://www.australianislamiclibrary.org/adult-learning-principles.html

 

Aziz, A. A., Ibrahim, M., Hasanordin, R., Mohd Asarani, N. A. & Jono, M. N. H. H. (2015). Adult  

Learners  Perspectives  On  Learning  Using  Social  Media.  5th  International Conference on 

e-Learning 2015 Stellar-ICeL 2015 26th-28th May 2015 Hyatt Regency Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

 

Aziz, A. A., Ibrahim, M., Jono, M. N. H. H. & Mohd Asarani, N. A. (2014). Incorporating 

Instructional Design And Adult Learning Theory In The e-Content Development. Of An  Interactive  

Multimedia  Course  2014  International  Symposium  on  Technology Management and Emerging 

Technologies (ISTMET 2014) Hotel Aston Braga 27-29 May 2014

 

Aziz, A. A., Suleiman, N. S. & Mohd Zahari, A. S. (2016). A Study on the Effectiveness of 

Multimedia   Instructional   Materials   for   Adult   Learners.    Journal   of   Applied 

Environmental and Biological Sciences 6(10S) 47-56, 2016

 

Baba, J., Sale, P. & Zirra, B. (2017).  Applying Gagne’s Nine Events in Designing a Multimedia 

Programme for Teaching Elements and Principles of Design in Secondary School. Arts and Design 

Studies Vol.54, 2017

 

Bada, S. O, (20l5). Constructivism Learning Theory: A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning. IOSR 

Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388, Vol 5, Issue 6 Ver. I 

(Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 66-70

 

Baglama, B., Yucesoy, Y. & Yikmis, A. (2018). Using Animation as a Means of Enhancing Learning  of  

Individuals  with  Special  Needs.  Technology,  Education,  Management, Informatics Journal Vol 7 

No 3 2018 pp 670-677 DOI: 10.18421/TEM73-26

 

Bahrudin, I, A., Muhammad, M., Abu Nawawi, M. I., Saharudin, I. N., Mohd Din, H., Ali, M.

A. & Abdullah, M. E. (2011). Development of Interactive Courseware for Learning Basic Computer 

System Components. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 3 (1): 132-138, 2011

 

Baptista, A. V. (2011). Non-traditional adult students: Reflecting about their characteristics and 

possible implications for Higher Education. WCPCG-2011. Procedia - Social and

Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 752 – 756

 

Bashir, K. (2017). Understanding the Role of User  Interface Design in Fostering Students’ Learning 

Process in A Multimedia Courseware Learning Environment: Insights from a Malaysian Case Study. IIUM 

Journal Of Educational Studies 5:1 (2017) 93-109

 

Bavli, B. & Erisen, Y. (2015). Designing PCM Instruction By Using ASSURE Instructional Design   

Model.   International   Journal   on   New   Trends   in   Education   and   Their Implications 

July 2015 Vol: 6 Issue: 3

 

Bawa, P. (2016).  Retention in Online Courses: Exploring Issues and Solutions—A Literature Review. 

SAGE Open January-March 2016: 1–11 DOI: 10.1177/2158244015621777

 

Baytak, A., Tarman, B. & Ayas, C. (2011). Experiencing technology integration in education: 

children?s perceptions. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education Vol. 3, Issue 2, 

March, 2011.

 

Bernard,  B.  P.,  Cao,  R.  &  Rodríguez,  M.  R.  (2018).  Faculty  and  student  feedback  of 

synchronous distance education in a multi-university learning consortium. Proceedings of the 2018 

ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual Conference The University of Texas at Austin April 4-6, 2018

 

Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in Education, 10th Edition. Pearson; New Jersey 

 

Bian,  Li.  (2009).  Application  of  Digital  Technology  in  Open  and  Distance  Education.

Proceedings, 2009 International Conference on Networking and Digital Society ICNDS

2009 : 30-31 May 2009, Guiyang, Guizhou, China

 

Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella A. R. & Wartella. E. (2014). Factors influencing digital technology 

use in early childhood education. Computers & Education 77 (2014) 82–90

 

Boer, J. D. (2013). Learning from video: viewing behavior of students Groningen: University of 

Groningen, SOM research school

 

Bowles, T. V. & Brindle, K. A. (2017). Identifying facilitating factors and barriers to improving 

student  retention  rates  in  tertiary  teaching  courses:  a  systematic  review.  Higher 

Education      Research      &     Development.      2017      Vol.36,      No.5,      903–919 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 07294360.2016.1264927

 

Bradbury, N. A. (2016).Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more? Adv Physiol 

Educ 40: 509–513, 2016;

 

Brett, P. (2017). An Engaging And Different Experience: Blog Posting In A Humanities And Social 

Sciences Teacher Education Unit. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning, April 

2017 Volume 5, Issue 2

 

Brown, C. G. (2017). The Persistence and  Attrition of Online  Learners.  School Leadership Review: 

Vol. 12 : Iss. 1 , Article 7.

 

Bullen, M. (2014). What is Instructional Design? Issues in E-Learning & Distance Education

Video Series. Transkrip. www.col.org/videos

 

Burns, M. (2011). Distance Education for Teacher Training: Modes, Models, and Methods.

Education Development Center, Inc.

 

Carnegie, J. (2015). Use of Feedback-Oriented Online Exercises to Help Physiology Students 

Construct Well-Organized Answers to Short-Answer Questions. CBE—Life Sciences Education Vol. 14, 

1–12, Fall 2015

 

Caruth,  G.  D.  (2013).  Andragogy  in  higher  education:  Identifying  2010  adult  learners  in 

baccalaureate   degree-granting   institutions.   Disertasi.   Texas   A&M   University- Commerce.

 

Cercone,  K.  (2008).  Characteristics  of  adult  learners  with  implications  for  online  

learning design. AACE Journal. 16(2), 137-159.

 

Chametzky, B. (2014). Andragogy and Engagement in Online Learning: Tenets and Solutions.

Creative Education, 5, 813-821. http://dx.doi.org/10.423ha6/ce.2014.510095

 

Chantanarungpak,  K.  &  Songkhla,  J.  N.  (2011).  Development  of  success  indicators  of  e- 

Learning system for higher education institutions in Thailand International e-Learning Conference 

2011 (IEC2011): Empowering Human Capital Through Online Learning Technology.                13th    

            to                14th                January                2011

Bangkok, Thailand

 

Cheawjindakarn, B., Suwannatthachote, P. & Theeraroungchaisri, A. (2012). Critical Success Factors 

for Online Distance Learning in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature. Creative Education 

2012. Vol.3, Supplement, 61-66

 

Chen, C.-C., Huang, C., Gribbins, M., & Swan, K. (2018). Gamify online courses with tools built 

into  your learning management system  (LMS) to enhance self-determined and active learning. Online 

Learning, 22(3), 41-54. doi:10.24059/olj.v22i3.1466

 

Chen, I. (2011). Instructional Design: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. (M. 

Khosrow-Pour, S. Clarke, M. E. Jennex, A. Becker, & A.-V. Anttiroiko, Eds.). New York: Information 

Resources Management Association.

 

Chen,  K.-C.,  &  Jang,  S.-J.  (2010).  Motivation  in  online  learning:  Testing  a  model  of  

self- determination theory. Computers in Human Behavior. 26(4), 741-752.

 

Cheung,  L.  (2016).  Using  an  Instructional  Design  Model  to  Teach  Medical  Procedures.

Med.Sci.Educ. (2016) 26:175–180

 

Cheung,  L.  (2016).  Using  the  ADDIE  Model  of  Instructional  Design  to  Teach  Chest 

Radiograph Interpretation. Journal of Biomedical Education Volume 2016

 

Choi, H. J. & Park, J-H. (2018). Testing a path-analytic model of adult dropout in online degree 

programs. Computers & Education 116 (2018) 130e138

 

Chui, L, Martin, K, & Pike, B. (2013). A quasi-experimental assessment of interactive student 

response systems on student confidence, effort, and course performance. Accounting

Faculty Publications. pp17 -30.

 

Cohen,  L.,  Manion,  L.,  &  Morrison,  K.  (2011).  Research  methods  in  education  (7th  ed.).

London, UK: Routledge

 

Conole,  G.  (2014).  The  Use  of  Technology  in  Distance  Education.  In  Online  Distance 

Education  Towards  a  Research  Agenda  Edited  by  Olaf  Zawacki-Richter  and  Terry Anderson AU 

Press, Athabasca University

 

Costley, K. C. (2014). The Positive Effects of Technology on Teaching and Student Learning.

ERIC Institute of Education Sciences.

 

Croxton, R. A. (2014). The role of interactivity in student satisfaction and persistence in online 

learning. Merlot Journal of Online Learning and Teaching. 10(2), 314-325.

 

Darden,  D.  (2014).  Relevance  of  the  Knowles  Theory  in  Distance  Education.  Creative 

Education,      5(June),      809–812.      Retrieved      from      http://file.scirp.org/Html/11- 

6302120_46999.htm

 

Das, A. & Paul, D. (2017). Structuring self-instructional material for LIS distance education: Role 

of instructional design theory. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 

7(3)

 

Davies, M., Pon, D. & Garavalia, L.S. (2018). Improving Pharmacy Calculations Using an 

Instructional Design Model. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2018; 82 (2)

 

Davies,  W  &  Cormican,  K.  (2013).  An  Analysis  of  the  Use  of  Multimedia  Technology in 

Computer Aided Design Training: Towards Effective Design Goals. CENTERIS 2013 - Conference  on  

ENTERprise  Information  Systems  /  ProjMAN  2013  -  International Conference on Project 

MANagement / HCIST 2013 - International Conference on Health and  Social  Care  Information  

Systems  and  Technologies  23-25  October  2013,  Lisbon, Portugal.

 

Deb, S. (2012).  Multimedia Technology and Distance Learning Using Mobile Technology in Developing  

Countries.  In  Sagarmay  Deb  (Ed.)  Advanced  Topics  in  Multimedia Research London, UK: 

IntechOpen

 

Deubel, P. (2003). An investigation of behaviourist and cognitive approaches to instructional 

multimedia design. Journal of Educational multimedia and hypermedia, 12(1), 63-90.

 

Dickerson,  M.  (2016).  Social  Media  and  Learning at  the  Ferguson  Municipal  Library.  The 

iSchool Descriptor. SJSU ALASC.

 

Dudko, S. A. (2016). The role of information technologies in lifelong learning development. 2016  

International  Conference  “Education  Environment  for  the  Information  Age” (EEIA-2016), 

Moscow, Russia, June 6-7, 2016 SHS Web of Conferences.

 

Duke, B., Harper, G. & Johnston, M. (2013).  Connectivism as a Digital Age Learning Theory

The International HETL Review, Special Issue, 2013 4 – 13

 

Ekoto, C. E. & Gaikwad, P. (2015). The Impact of Andragogy on  Learning Satisfaction of Graduate 

Students. American Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3, No. 11, 2015, pp 1378-1386

 

Endut, A., Isa, P. M., Aziz, S. R. A., Jono, M. N. H. H., & Aziz, A. A. (2012). e-Learning for 

Universiti  Teknologi  MARA  Malaysia  (UiTM):  Campus  Wide  Implementation  and Accomplishments. 

Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67, 26-35.

 

Er,  N.  F.  &  Er,  M.  (2016).  The  Effects  Of  Student-Content  Interaction  On  Academic 

Performance In Distance Learning Courses. International Journal on New Trends in Education and 

Their Implications July 2016 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Article: 07 ISSN 1309-

6249

 

Erisman, W. & Steele, P. (2015). Adult College Completion in the 21?? Century What We Know And What 

We Don’t. Washington: Higher Ed Insight

 

Eri?ti, B. (2016). Brain-based Learning.   Dalam Zeki Kaya, Selçuk Akdemir (Ed.) Learning And   

Teaching:   Theories,   Approaches   and   Models.   Pp   133-153   Çözüm   E?itim Yay?nc?l?k. 

Ankara, Türkiye, 2016

 

Espasa, A. & Meneses, J. (2010). Analysing Feedback Processes in an Online Teaching and Learning 

Environment: An Exploratory Study. Higher Education Vol. 59, No. 3 (Mar., 2010), pp. 277-292

 

Essel, H.  B., Osei-Poku, P., Tachie-Menson, A.  & Opoku-Asare, N.  A.  (2016). Self-Paced 

Interactive  Multimedia  Courseware:  A  Learning  Support  Resource  for  Enhancing Electronic 

Theses and Dissertations Development. Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 

2222-288X (Online) Vol.7, No.12, 2016

 

Faghih, B., Azadehfar, M. R., & Katebi, S. D. (2013). User Interface Design for E-Learning 

Software. The International Journal of Soft Computing and Software Engineering, 3(3), 786–794

 

Fancher, E. L. (2013). Comparison Of Methods Of Analysis For Pretest And Posttest Data.

Disertasi. The University of Georgia

 

Fardoun, H., Montero, F., & López Jaquero, V. (2009). eLearniXML: Towards a model-based approach 

for the development of e-Learning systems considering quality. Advances in Engineering Software. 

40(12), 1297–1305

 

Faryadi, Q. (2012). The Architecture of Interactive Multimedia Courseware: A Conceptual and an 

Empirical-Based Design Process: Phase One. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 

Vol. 2 No. 3; February 2012 199-206

 

Faulk,  N.  &  Carbery,  A.  (2019).  Using  motivation  theory  and  research  when  teaching 

information  literacy  online.  Dalam:  Steiner,  S.  K.  dan  Rigby,  M.  (ed.)  Motivating 

students on a time budget: pedagogical frames and lesson plans for in-person and online information 

 literacy  instruction.  Chicago:  Association  of  College   and   Research

Libraries. pp. 85-94

 

Fernandez-Rodríguez, J. C. (2017). eLearning Education. Psychology And Cognitive Sciences

Open Journal.  2017; 3(4): e14-e15. doi: 10.17140/ PCSOJ-3-e008

 

Ferreira, D. & MacLean, G. (2017). Andragogy in the 21st century: Applying the Assumptions of Adult 

Learning Online. Language Research Bulletin Volume 32, 2017

 

Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4?? ed.). London: SAGE 

Publications Ltd.

 

Filipatali, T. (2013). Learning Theories. Their Influence on Teaching Methods. Seminar Paper, 2013. 

Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/293498

 

Firat, M. (2017). E-Learning Tools And ICT Usage Of Open And Distance Education Students. Journal 

of Technology and Information Education  1/2017, Volume 9,  Issue 1  DOI: 10.5507/jtie.2016.028

 

Fotiadou, A., Angelaki, C. & Mavroidis, I. (2017). Learner Autonomy As A Factor Of The Learning 

Process In Distance Education. European Journal of Open, Distance and e- Learning Vol. 20 / No. 1 – 

2017 DOI: 10.1515/eurodl-2017-0006

 

Frey, B. A. & Sutton, J. M. (2010). A Model for Developing Multimedia Learning Projects.

MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2010

 

Frey,  S.  (2018).  Success,  Literacy,  and  Learning:  Experiences  of  Adult  Basic  Education 

Students.  Adult  Education  Research  Conference  7-8  June,  University  of  Victoria, Canada

 

Gagne, R. (1985). The Conditions of Learning and Theory of Instruction Robert Gagné: New York, NY: 

Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

 

Gagne, R. M. (1988). Mastery Learning and Instructional Design. Performance Improvement Quarterly 

Volume 1, Issue 1June 1988 Pages 7–18

 

Gagne, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. C., Keller, J. M., & Russell, J. D. (2005). Principles of 

instructional design: Wiley Online Library

 

Gay, L. R., & Diehl, P. (1992). Research methods for business and management: Macmillan Coll Div.

 

Gay,  L.  R.,  Mills,  G.  E.  &  Airasian,  P.  (2012).  Educational  Research:  Competencies  for 

Analysis and Applications (10?? ed.). New Jersey: Pearson

 

Gedviliene, G. & Vaiciuniene, V. (2016). Distance Learning at University From A Lifelong Learning 

Perspective. European Scientific Journal Disember 2016 edisi vol.12, No.34 e - ISSN 1857- 7431 46

 

Ghasemi, A. & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non- 

Statisticians. International Journal Endocrinology and Metabolism. Dec 2012. 10(2):

486–489.

 

Ghirardini  (2011).  E-Learning  methodologies:  A  guide  for  designing  and  developing  e- 

Learning courses. Food  and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, 2011.

 

Gilakjani, A. P. (2012). A Study on the Impact of Using Multimedia to Improve the Quality of 

English Language Teaching. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 1208-1215, 

November 2012

 

Gliem, J. A. & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach’s Alpha 

Reliability   Coefficient    for    Likert-Type    Scales.    Midwest    Research-to-Practice 

Conference   in   Adult,   Continuing,   and   Community   Education,   The   Ohio   State 

University,      Columbus,      OH,      October      8-10,      2003.      Retrieved      from 

http://www.ssnpstudents.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Gliem-Gliem.pdf     on 10 Oktober 2016

 

Goh, B. C. (2009). Pengurusan Teknologi Maklumat dalam Pendidikan. Selangor:   Penerbitan 

Multimedia

 

Goh  C.,  Leong  C.,  Kasmin  K.,  Hii  P.,  Tan  O.  (2017),  Students’  Experiences,  Learning 

Outcomes  and  Satisfaction  in  e-Learning,  Journal  of  e-Learning  and  Knowledge Society, 

v.13, n.2, 117-128.

 

Greene, K. & Larsen, L. (2018). Virtual Andragogy: A New Paradigm for Serving Adult Online 

Learners. International Journal of Digital Society (IJDS), Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2018

 

Guan, C., Ding, D. & Ho, K. W. (2015).  E-Learning in Higher Education for Adult Learners in 

Singapore. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2015 

348-353

 

Gunawardhana,  L.  K.  P.  D.  &  Palaniappan,  S.(2016).  Possibility  of  using  Multimedia 

Application  for  Learning.  Journal  on  Computing  (JOC)  Vol.5  No.1  pp  77-83  DOI: 

10.5176/2251-3043_5.1.356

 

Gutierrez,  K.D.  (2014).  Integrative  Research  Review:  Syncretic  Approaches  to  Literacy 

Learning.   Leveraging   Horizontal   Knowledge   and   Expertise.   Literacy   Research 

Association Yearbook. 63, 48-61

 

Haddad, M.E.O., Ferreira, N.S.C. & Faria, A.A. (2014) The Use of Educational Technologies in 

Distance Education—Enabling the Appropriation of Teaching and Learning Process. Open Journal of 

Social Sciences. 2, 54-58.

 

Hadullo, K., Oboko, R. & Omwenga, E. (2017). A model for evaluating e-learning systems quality in 

higher education in developing countries. International Journal of Education and Development using 

Information and Communication Technology(IJEDICT), 2017, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 185-204

 

Haegele,  J.  A.  &  Hodge,  S.  R.  (2015).  Quantitative  Methodology:  A  Guide  for  Emerging 

Physical  Education  and  Adapted  Physical  Education  Researchers.   The  Physical

Educator Vol. 72 pp. 59–75

 

Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis 

(7?? Ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.

 

Halili,  S.  H.,  Sulaiman,  S.  &  Abdul  Rashid,  M.  R.  (2012).  Aplikasi  Prinsip  

Pembelajaran Dewasa  Knowles  Dengan  Penggunaan  Mod  Penyampaian  Teknologi  Sidang  Video dalam 

Kalangan Pelajar Jarak Jauh. ISSN : 1985-5826 A Asian Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher 

Education AJTHLE Vol. 4, No.2, July 2012, 79-90

 

Halpern, R. & Tucker, C. (2015). Leveraging Adult Learning Theory with Online Tutorials.

Reference Services Review, Vol. 43 Iss 1 pp. 112 – 124

 

Hartnett,  M.,  St.  George,  A.  & Dron,  J.  (2011).  Examining Motivation  in  Online  Distance 

Learning   Environments:   Complex,   Multifaceted,   and   Situation-Dependent.   The 

International  Review  of  Research  in  Open  and  Distance  Learning,  Vol  12,  No  6 October – 

2011

 

Hashim,  U.  R.,  Mohd  Hashim,  S.  Z.,  Muda,  K.  M.,  Kanchymalay,  K.,  Abd.  Jalil,  I.  E.  

& Othman,   M.   H.   (2017).   Systematic   feature   analysis   on   timber   defect   images. 

International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Vol 3, No 2, July 2017, pp. 56-67

 

Hattie, J. AC. & Donoghue, G. M.  (2016).  Learning strategies:  a synthesis and conceptual model. 

npj Science of Learning (2016) 1, 16013

 

Hearne, V. (2018). Participation and barriers to participation in adult learning at a Community 

College   in   the   Western   Cape:   A   Chain-of-Response   Model.   Tesis   Sarjana. 

https://etd.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11394/6610/hearne_m_edu_2018.pdf?se 

quence=1&isAllowed=y

 

Hobson, T. D., & Puruhito, K. K. (2018). Going the distance: Online course performance and 

motivation    of    distance-learning    students.    Online    Learning,    22(4),    129-140. 

doi:10.24059/olj.v22i4.1516

 

Hofstetter, F.T. (1995). Multimedia Literacy. New York: McGraw Hill

 

Hosack, B., Lim, B., & Vogt, W. P. (2012). Increasing Student Performance Through the Use of Web 

Services in Introductory Programming Classrooms: Results from a Series of Quasi-Experiments. 

Journal of Information Systems Education; West Lafayette Vol. 23, Iss. 4, (Winter 2012): 373-383.

 

Huan,  X.,  Shehane,  R.  &  Ali,  A.  (2011).  Teaching  computer  science  courses  in  distance 

learning. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 2011 pp 1-14

 

Hussain,  I.  (2013).  A  Study  of  Learners’  Reflection  on  Andragogical  Skills  of  Distance 

Education Tutors. International Journal of Instruction. January 2013 Vol.6, No.1

 

Hussin,  S.  (2004).  Hidden  voices  of  adult  learners  in  open  and  distance  learning 

program: Problems  and  strategies  to  overcome  the  problems.  In  First  COLLA   Regional

Workshop, Putrajaya, Malaysia (pp. 28-29).

 

Idris, N. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: McGraw Hill (Malaysia).

 

Issa, N., Schuller, M., Santacaterina, S., Shapiro, M., Wang, E., Mayer, R. E. & DaRosa, D. A. 

(2011). Applying multimedia design principles enhances learning in medical education. Medical 

Education 2011: 45: 818–826

 

Jaeger, R. M. (1990). Statistics: A Spectator Sport (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990, 402 pp

 

Janelli,  M.  (2018).  E-Learning  in  Theory,  Practice,  and  Research.  Educational  Studies 

Moscow. 2018. No 4. P. 81–98 DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2018-4-81-98

 

Jeffery, M. (2018). A Conceptual Framework for Efficient Design of an Online Operations Management 

Course. Journal of Educators Online, V15 N3 Dec 2018

 

Jiang, D., Renandya, W. A. & Zhang, L. J. (2017) Evaluating ELT multimedia courseware from the 

perspective of cognitive theory of multimedia learning,  Computer Assisted Language Learning DOI: 

10.1080/09588221.2017.1359187

 

Johnson,  T.  R.  (2016).  Violation  of  the  homogeneity  of  regression  slopes  assumption  in 

ANCOVA for two-group pre-post designs: Tutorial on a modi1ed Johnson-Neyman procedure. The 

Quantitative Methods for Psychology Vol 12 No 3, pp 253 - 263.

 

Jokinen P. & Mikkonen I. (2013). Teachers’ experiences of teaching in a blended learning 

environment. Nurse Education in Practice. 2013;13:524–8

 

Jones, P. R. (2018). Critical Analysis of  Knud  Illeris’ How We  Learn:  Learning and Non- 

Learning  in  School  and  Beyond:  A  Look  at  Learning  within  the  Diverse  Realm  of 

Education. International Journal of Language and Literature June 2018, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 92-96, 

2334-2358 (Online) DOI: 10.15640/ijll.v6n1a12

 

Jones, S., & McCann, J. (2005). Virtual learning environments for time-stressed and peripatetic 

managers. Journal of Workplace Learning, 17, 359-369.

 

Jono, M. N. H. H., Ibrahim, M., Hasanordin, R., Mohd Asarani, N. A. & Aziz, A. A. (2013). 

e-Materials Application Presentation Using Gagne Learning Theory for “Introduction to C++  Computer 

 Programming,”  Prosiding  International  Conference  on  Education  and Modern Educational 

Technologies (EMET 2013) 122–127.

 

Jono  M.N.H.H.,  Hasanordin  R.,  Salleh  S.,  Ibrahim  M.,  Aziz  A.A.,  Asarani  N.A.M.  (2016) 

Measuring  of  Effectiveness  of  Courseware  Content  Using  Learning  Theory  for  a Programming 

Subject. In: Luaran J., Sardi J., Aziz A., Alias N. (eds) Envisioning the Future of Online 

Learning. Springer, Singapore

 

Jono, M. N. H. H. & Mamat, M. N. (2007). Effective teaching and learning through electronic course 

content development: A UiTM Theory (Seminar Paper). Paper presented at the

Shah Alam: UiTM International Conference on e-Learning (UiCEL2007), UiTM.

 

Kaliisa,  R.  &  Picard,  M.  (2017).    A  Systematic  Review  on  Mobile  Learning  in  Higher 

Education:   The   African   Perspective.   TOJET:   The   Turkish   Online   Journal   of 

Educational Technology – January 2017, volume 16 issue 1

 

Kamaruddin, N. (2010). Challenges of Malaysian developers in creating good interfaces for 

interactive courseware. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(1), pp. 37?42.

 

Kane, R. T., Shaw, M., Pang, S., Salley, W. & Snider, J. B. (2015). Relationships among faculty 

training,  faculty  degree,  faculty  longevity,  and  student  satisfaction  in  online  higher 

education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration 2015 Vol 18 Issue 4 pp 1-14

 

Kapur, S. (2015). Understanding the Characteristics of an Adult Learner.  Jamia Journal of 

Education Vol 2, No 1, November 2015

 

Kara,  A.  (2009).  The  Effect  of  a  ‘Learning  Theories’  Unit  on  Students’  Attitudes  

toward Learning. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 34(3) pp 100-113

 

Kara, M., Erdo?du, F., Kokoç, M & Cagiltay, K. (2019).  Challenges Faced by Adult Learners in  

Online  Distance  Education:  A  Literature  Review.  Open  Praxis,  vol.  11  issue  1, 

January–March 2019, pp. 5–22 (ISSN 2304-070X)

 

Karajeh,  W.,  Hamtini,  T.  &  Hamdi,  M.  (2016).  Designing  and  Implementing  an  Effective 

Courseware  for the  Enhancement  of  e-Learning.  International  Journal  of  Emerging 

Technologies            in            Learning            (iJET)            Vol            11       

     No 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i04.5384

 

Karalis,  T.,  &  Vorvilas,  G.  (2011).  Designing  Multimedia  Learning  Material  for  Adult 

Education: An  Interdisciplinary Approach. Department of Educational Sciences  and Early Childhood 

Education.

 

Karla,  G.  (2013).  6  Cures  for  Painfully  Boring  eLearning  Content.  SHIFT's  eLearning. 

Retrieved from, http://info.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/294566/6-Cures-for-Painfully- 

Boring-eLearning-Content

 

Kauffman, H. (2015). A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with 

online learning. Research in Learning Technology Vol. 23, 2015

 

Kazis, R. (2007). Adult Learners in Higher Education: Barriers to Success and Strategies to Improve 

  Results.   Report   Contract   No.   DOL   AF125370000230   from   the   U.S. Department of Labor

 

Kebritchi,  M.,  Lipschuetz,  A.  &  Santiague,  L.  (2017).  Issues  and  Challenges  for  

Teaching Successful  Online  Courses  in  Higher  Education:  A  Literature  Review.  Journal  of 

Educational       Technology       Systems       2017,       Vol.       46(1)       4–29       DOI:

10.1177/0047239516661713

 

Keillor,  C.  &  Littlefield,  J.  (2012).  Engaging  Adult  Learners  with  Technology.  Library

Technology         Conference:         Macalester         College.         Retrieved         from: 

http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/libtech_conf/2012/sessions/43/

 

Kelishadroky,  A.  F.,  Shamsi,  A.,  Bagheri,M.,  Shahmirzayi,  M.  &  Mansorihasanabadi.M. 

(2016).The  Role  of  Reward  and  Punishment  in  Learning.  International  Journal  of Advanced 

Biotechnology and Research (IJBR). Vol-7, Special Issue-Number2-April, 2016, pp780-788

 

Kenney, L. (2011). Elementary education, there’s an app for that: communication technology in the 

elementary school classroom. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 

67-75.

 

Khadjooi, K., Rostami,  K. &  Ishaq,  S. (2011).  How to  use  Gagne’s model of instructional 

design in teaching psychomotor skills. Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench 

2011;4(3):116-119

 

Khalil, M. K. & Elkhider, I. A. (2016). Applying learning theories and instructional design models  

for  effective  instruction.  The  American  Physiological  Society  40:  147–156, 2016.

 

Khasawneh,  S.  A.,  Albasheer,  A.  &  Abu-Tineh,  A.  M.  (2007).  The  Application  of  Adult 

Learning   Principles    in    University   Vocational    Courses    Utilizing   Web-Based 

Instructional   Technology:   A   Student   Perspective.   Journal   of   Educational   & 

Psychological Sciences Volume 8 Number 1 March 2007 pp 7-30

 

Khumalo, S. S. (2018). Improving Student Success Rate in Open Distance Learning Settings through 

the Principle of Constructive Alignment in Mahmut Sinecen (Ed.) Trends in E- Learning London, UK: 

IntechOpen

 

Kim, C., Kim, M. K., Lee, C., Spector, J. M. & DeMeester, K. (2013). Teacher beliefs and technology 

integration. Teaching and Teacher Education 29 (2013) 76-85

 

Kim, T. K. (2015). T test as a parametric statistic. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 68(6) pp 

540-545

 

Kistler,  M.  J.  (2011).  Adult  Learners:  Considerations  for  Education  and  Training.  Adult 

Education and Retraining Journal Feb 2011. www.acteonline.org

 

Kizilcec, R. F.  & Halawa, S. (2015).  Attrition and Achievement Gaps in Online  Learning. 

Prosiding     Second     (2015)     ACM     Conference     on     Learning     @     Scale 

Vancouver, BC, Canada — March 14 - 18, 2015

 

Kleftodimos, A. & Evangelidis, G. (2016). Using open source technologies and open internet 

resources for building an interactive video based learning environment that supports learning 

analytics. Smart Learning Environments (2016) 3:9

 

Knowles, M. S. (1984), The Adult  Learner: A Neglected Species, 3rd ed., Gulf Publishing

Company, Houston, TX.

 

Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F. & Swanson, R. A. (2011). The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in 

Adult Education and Human Resource Development. 7th Ed. Burlington: Elsevier.

 

Knowles, M.S., Holton,  E. F.,  & Swanson, R. A. (1998). The adult learner: The definitive classic 

in adult education and human resource development (5th ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf.

 

Komalasari,  K.  &  Saripudin,  D.  (2017).  Value-Based  Interactive  Multimedia  Development 

through  Integrated  Practice  for  the  Formation  of  Students’  Character.  TOJET:  The Turkish 

Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2017, volume 16 issue 4

 

Koslo, J. L. (2010). Designing Instruction To Match Learning Style Preferences In The Online 

Environment: The Effect On Learner Performance. ProQuest LLC.

 

Kruse, K. (2010). Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction: An Introduction. Retrieved 1 Jun 2015 from 

http://www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art3_3.htm

 

Kulasegaram,  K.  &  Rangachari,  P.  K.  (2018).  Beyond  “formative”:  assessments  to  enrich 

student learning. Adv Physiol Educ 42: 5–14, 2018;

 

Kulasekara, G. U., Jayatillekea, B. G. & Coomaraswamyb, U. (2011). Learner perceptions on 

instructional design of multimedia in learning abstract concepts in science at a distance. Open 

Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2011, 113–126

 

Kumar B., S. (2013) Creating e-learning Content Storyboard Based on Instructional Design 

Principles. Journal Mass Communication Journalism 3: 156.

 

Kuo,  Y.-C.,  Belland,  B.  R.,  &  Kuo,  Y.-T.  (2017).  Learning  through  Blogging:  Students’ 

Perspectives  in  Collaborative  Blog  Enhanced  Learning  Communities.  Educational Technology & 

Society, 20 (2), 37–50.

 

Kusmayanti,  I.  M.,  Sari,  F.  D.  &  Susantie,  N.  (2015).  Designing  Interactive  Multimedia 

Materials to Enhance EFL Students’ English Presentation Skills in Tertiary Education. 7th 

International Conference on Teaching English as a Foreign Language (COTEFL-7) 16 – 17 May 2015 in 

Purwokerto, Indonesia

 

Laal, M. (2012). Lifelong Learning and technology. 2nd World Conference on Educational Technology 

Researches – WCETR2012. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 83 (2013) 980 – 984  doi: 

10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.182

 

Laaser, W. & Toloza, E. A. (2017). The Changing Role of the Educational Video in Higher Distance  

Education.  International  Review  of  Research  in  Open  and  Distributed Learning Volume 18, 

Number 2

 

Lai, C-L. & Hwang, G-J. (2016). A self-regulated flipped classroom approach to improving students’  

learning  performance  in  a  mathematics  course.  Computers  &  Education

Volume 100, September 2016, Pages 126-140

 

Lam,  S.  H.  (2018).  Classroom  Observation  for  the  Professional  Development  of  Myanmar 

University Lecturers in a Singapore Cross-Cultural Context: Perception of Abilities and Learning 

Based on ‘Nine Events of Instruction’. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 

August 2018 Vol 5 No 2

 

Lambert, C., Erickson, L., Alhramelah, A., Rhoton, D., Lindbeck, R. & Sammons, D. (2014). 

Technology  and  Adult  Students  In  Higher  Education:  A  Review  of  the  Literature. 

University   of   Arizona   Institutional   Repository.   Journal   Issues   and   Trends   in 

Educational            Technology            Vol            2,            No            1           

 (2014) https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/itet/article/view/18145/17925

 

Laronde, G., MacLeod, K., Frost, L. & Waller, K. (2017). A Case Study Of The Integration Of 

Information  And  Communication  Technology  In  A  Northern  Ontario  First  Nation Community High 

School: Challenges And Benefits. Journal of International Education Research – June 2017 Volume 13, 

Number 1

 

Lawless,  G.  (2013).  Exploring  the  Effectiveness  of  Using  Integrated  Multimedia  on  the 

Teaching and Learning Process. Tesis

 

Lee, C. J., & Kim. C. (2014). The second prototype of the development of a technological 

pedagogical content knowledge based instructional design model: An implementation study  in  a  

technology  integration  course.  Contemporary  Issues  in  Technology  and Teacher Education, 

14(3), 297-326.

 

Lee,  J.,  &  Lee,  Y.  J.  (2012).  Development  and  Application  of  E-Learning  Content  for 

Advertising Education. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 47, 1–12.

 

Lee,  K-F.,  Ang,  C-S.  &  Dipolog-Ubanan,  G.  (2019).   My  First  Year  in  The  University”: 

Students’  Expectations,  Perceptions  and  Experiences.  Journal  of  Social  Science Research Vol 

14 (2019) ISSN: 2321-1091 https://rajpub.com/index.php/jssr 3134 DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v14i0.8006

 

Lee, Y. H., Hsiao, C., & Ho, C. H., (2014). The effects of various multimedia instructional 

materials on students’ learning responses and outcomes: A comparative experimental study. Computers 

in Human Behavior 40 (2014) 119–132

 

Leopold, C & Mayer, R. E. (2014). An Imagination Effect in Learning From Scientific Text.

Journal of Educational Psychology 1-18

 

Leow, F. T. & Neo, M. (2009). Effect Of Incorporating Gagne’s Nine Instructional Events In The  

Context  Of  Multimedia-Mediated  Student-Centred  Learning:  Study  On  Diploma Student  Academic  

Performance  And  Attitudinal  Feedback.  Proceedings  of  the  2nd International  Conference  of  

Teaching  and  Learning  (ICTL  2009)  INTI  University College, Malaysia

 

Leow,  F.  T.  &  Neo,  M.  (2014).  Interactive  Multimedia  Learning:  Innovating  Classroom 

Education  In  A  Malaysian  University.  The  Turkish  Online  Journal  of  Educational

Technology April 2014, Volume 13 Issue 2

 

Leow,  F.  T.  (2012). Incorporation  of  Gagne's  instructional  design  in  a  student-centred 

multimedia learning environment (Doctoral Dissertation, Multimedia University).

 

Liang,  D.,  Yuexin,  Q.  &  Shuo,  Z.  (2019).  Research  on  Multimedia  Teaching  of  Physical 

Education Class Based on Online Physical Education Curriculum Construction. 2019 5th International 

Workshop on Education, Development and Social Sciences (IWEDSS 2019) Francis Academic Press, UK 340 

DOI: 10.25236/iwedss.2019.073

 

Lieb,         S.         (1991).         Principles         of         adult         learning.      

   http://www.life- slc.org/learningprinciples/Principles_of_Adult_Learning.pdf

 

Lim, C. H. (2007). Penyelidikan Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. Selangor: 

McGraw-Hill.

 

Lin-Siegler, X., Dweck, C. S. & Cohen, G. L. (2016). Instructional Interventions That Motivate 

Classroom Learning. Journal of Educational Psychology 2016, Vol. 108, No. 3, 295–

299

 

Lowe, R. & Mason, L. (2017). Self-generated drawing: A help or hindrance to learning from 

animation?.  In  Learning  from  Dynamic  Visualization  (pp.  309-331).  US:  Springer 

International Publishing.

 

Luaran,  J.  E.  (2013).  Perkembangan,  Cabaran  Dan  Aplikasi  Teknologi  Maklumat  Dalam 

Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Di Malaysia. www.i-learn.uitm.edu.my

 

Magdalene,  R.  &  Sridharan,  D.  (2018).    Powering  E-Learning  through  Technology:  An 

Overview  Of  Recent  Trends  In  Educational  Technologies.  The  Online  Journal  of Distance 

Education and e-Learning, January 2018 Volume 6, Issue 1

 

Mahlangu,  V.  P.  (2017).  Professional  Development  of  Adult  Learners  through  Open  and 

Distance Learning. In Susan Renes (Ed.) Global Voices in Higher Education London, UK: IntechOpen

 

Mahle, M. (2011). Effects of interactivity on student achievement and motivation in distance 

education. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(3), 207-215.

 

Manganello, F., Falsetti, C., Spalazzi, L. & Leo, T. (2013). PKS: An ontology-based learning 

construct for lifelong learners. Journal of Educational Technology  & Society, 16(1), 104-117.

 

Mariano,  G.  (2014).    Breaking  It  Down:  Knowledge  Transfer  in  a  Multimedia  Learning 

Environment. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2014, Volume 26, 

Number 1, 1-11

 

Marins,  P.  R.  A.  (2017).  Challenges  and  Constraints  Of  Using  Audio  In  Online  Music 

Education. The 23rd International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2017) June

20-23, 2017, Pennsylvania State University

 

Maritim, E. K. & Getuno, D. M. (2018). Scalability of Learners’ Success Rates in e-Learning: A 

Survey Study of the Learners’ Perspectives.  European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning – 

Vol. 21 / No. 1 2018 ISSN 1027-5207

 

Markova, T., Glazkova, I. & Zaborova, E. (2017). Quality Issues of Online Distance Learning. 7th 

International Conference on Intercultural Education “Education, Health and ICT for  a  

Transcultural  World”,  EDUHEM  2016,  15-17  June  2016,  Almeria,  Spain. Procedia   -   Social   

and   Behavioral   Sciences   237   (2017)   685   –   691   doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.043

 

Martin, C. R. (2005). Motivation and Multimedia. N515: Instructional Design Applications in the 

Arts, Master of Science in Music Technology Program, Indiana University-Purdue University 

Indianapolis.

 

Martin,  F  &  Klein,  J.  (2008).   Effects  of  Objectives,  Practice,  and  Review  in  

Multimedia Instruction.   Journal   of   Educational   Multimedia   and   Hypermedia   17(2),   

171-189 http://myweb.fsu.edu/jklein/articles/Martin_Klein_2008.pdf

 

Martin, F., Klein, J. D. & Sullivan, H. (2004). Effects of Instructional Events in Computer- Based  

Instruction.  Association  for  Educational  Communications  and  Technology, Chicago, IL, Oct. 

19-23, 2004

 

Martin,  F.,  Klein,  J.  D.  &  Sullivan,  H.  (2007).  The  impact  of  instructional  elements  

in computer-based Instruction. British Journal of Educational Technology Vol 38 No 4 623-636

 

Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia Learning, 1?? Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001.

 

Mayer, R. E. (2003). The promise of multimedia learning: Using the same instructional design 

methods across different media. Learning and Instruction, 125-139.

 

Mayer, R. E. (2010). Applying the science of learning to medical education. Med Educ. 2010; 44 

(6):543–9.

 

Mayer, R. E. (2017). Using multimedia for e-learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning

33, 403–423 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

 

McDonald, J. H. (2014). Handbook of Biological Statistics (3?? Ed.). Sparky House Publishing, 

Baltimore, Maryland U.S.A

 

McKinney,  B. (2012). Exploring Interactive Whiteboard Use  In The 4–6  Grade Classroom Using 

Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction. The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa.

 

Melnic, A. S. & Botez, N. (2014). Academic learning motivation. Economy Transdisciplinarity 

Cognition, 17 (2), 56–62.

 

Merriam   , S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2012).  Learning in Adulthood: A

comprehensive guide. Jossey-Bass.

 

Michael, G. & Greg, K. (2012). Distance Education: A System View of Online Learning, Pg

1, Wadworth Cengage Learning.

 

Miciak, J., Taylor, W. P., Stuebing, K. K., Fletcher, J. M. & Vaughn, S. (2016). Designing 

Intervention Studies: Selected Populations, Range Restrictions, and Statistical Power. Journal of 

Research on Educational Effectiveness 2016; 9(4): 556–569

 

Miner, A., Mallow, J., Theeke, L., & Barnes, E. (2015). Using Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction to  

Enhance  Student  Performance  and  Course  Evaluations  in  Undergraduate  Nursing Course. Nurse 

Educator, 40(3), 152–154.

 

Mohd   Zaid,   N.   &   Mohamad,   F. (2010) Pembangunan   Modul   Multimedia   Interaktif 

Menggunakan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Senario Bagi Tajuk Pembangunan Perisian  Multimedia  

Berasaskan  Cd-Rom. .  pp.  1-8.  (Unpublished)  Retrieved  from http://eprints.utm.my/11329/ on 12 

Oktober 2016

 

Moreno,  E.  L.,  Heidelmann,  S.  P.  &  Correia,  A-P.  (2018).  Using  Technology  to  Support 

Chemistry  Teaching  and  Learning  in  the  Context  of  Brazilian  Distance  Education. World    

Journal    of    Chemical    Education,    2018,    Vol.    6,    No.    5,    223-229 

DOI:10.12691/wjce-6-5-4

 

Mou, N. Z & Rajib, S. U. (2019). Critical Success Factors of eLearning in Distance Education 

Program in a Developing Country. American Journal of Educational Research, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 3, 

299-303 DOI: 10.12691/education-7-3-16

 

Muljana, P. S., & Luo, T. (2019). Factors contributing to student retention in online learning and 

recommended strategies for improvement: A systematic literature review. Journal of Information 

Technology Education: Research, 18, 19-57. doi:10.28945/4182

 

Neo, T. K., Neo, M. & Teoh, B. S. P. (2010). Assessing The Effects Of Using Gagne’s Events Of   

Instructions   In   A   Multimedia   Student-Centered   Environment:   A   Malaysian Experience.    

Turkish  Online  Journal  of  Distance  Education-TOJDE  January  2010 Volume: 11 Number: 1

 

Neto,  M.  (2015).  Educational  motivation  meets  Maslow:  Self-actualisation  as  contextual 

driver. Journal of Student Engagement: Education Matters, 5(1), 2015, 18-27.

 

Ng,  W.,  Nicholas,  H.,  &  Williams,  A.  (2010).  School  experience  influences  on  preservice 

teachers’ evolving beliefs about effective teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 278-289

 

Nikolopoulou,  K.  (2014).  ICT  Integration  in  Preschool  Classes:  Examples  of  Practices  in 

Greece. Creative Education, 5, 402-410.

 

Noordin  , T. A., Ahmad, R., & Rahim, R. A. (2007).  Membina Pelajar Cemerlang: Evolusi

Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat. Penerbit UTM.

 

Nordin, H. & Dalbir, S. (2016). Ulasan Elemen Reka Bentuk Antara Muka bagi Meningkatkan 

Keterlibatan   Pelajar   terhadap   E-Pembelajaran   di   Institusi   Pengajian   Malaysian. 

Journal of Information and Communication Technology Vol 1 2016, Issue 2

 

O’Connor,  E.,  McDonald,  F.  &  Ruggiero,  M.  (2015).  Scaffolding  Complex  Learning: 

Integrating 21st Century Thinking, Emerging Technologies, And Dynamic Design And Assessment   To   

Expand   Learning   And   Communication   Opportunities.     Journal Education Technology Systems 

Vol 43(2) 199-226, 2014-2015

 

Ofori, R., Okyere, E. D., & Nyarko, G. S. (2015). Challenges and Coping Strategies of Adult 

Learners in Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of University of Cape Coast in Ghana. Journal of 

Studies in Education, 5(4), 131-144.

 

O'Gorman, K. D. & MacIntosh, R. (2015). Research Methods for Business and Management: A Guide to 

Writing Your Dissertation. Goodfellow Publishers, Limited

 

Okur,  M.  R.  (2011).  Technology  oriented  efforts  to  support  faculty  in  online  learning 

Environment. WCES-2011 Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) 3916– 3920

 

Onder, E. & Y?ld?z, F. (2016). Reasons For Students At The Age Of Compulsory Education To Choose 

Open Education High School. Journal Of Educational And Instructional Studies In The World. August 

2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Article: 02 ISSN: 2146-7463 online instruction. European Journal of 

Training and Development Vol. 41 Issue: 7, pp.593-609

 

Onyilagha, J. C. & Nnajiofor, F. N. (2016). Comparative Study of the Impact of Instructional 

Materials   and   Technology   on   Traditional   and   Distance   Education   Systems. 

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research Vol:-4 No-2, 2016

 

Oregon,  E.,  McCoy,  L.  &  Carmon-Johnson,  L.  (2018).  Case  Analysis:  Exploring  The 

Application  Of  Using  Rich  Media  Technologies  And  Social  Presence  To  Decrease Attrition  

In  An  Online  Graduate  Program.  Journal  of  Educators  Online  15(2)  July 2018.

 

Osman, S. & Mat Zin, N. A. Hj. (2010).  Proposed model for courseware development of virtual 

teaching  and  learning  traditional  craft.  International  Symposium  on  Information Technology. 

ITSim 2010 15-17 June 2010 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Osman, Z., Mohamad, W., Mohamad, R. K., Mohamad, L. & Tuan Sulaiman, T.F. (2018). Enhancing 

Students’ Academic Performance In Malaysian Online Distance Learning Institutions. Asia Pacific 

Journal of Educators and Education, Vol. 33, 19–28, 2018

 

Osueke, B., Mekonnen, B. & Stanton, J. D. (2018). How Undergraduate Science Students Use Learning 

Objectives to Study. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education Vol 19, No2

 

Owusu-Agyeman, Y. & Larbi-Siaw, O. (2018). Exploring the factors that enhance student– content 

interaction in a technology-mediated learning environment. Cogent Education

(2018), 5: 1456780

 

Paivio, A. (2006). Dual coding theory and Education. Conference on “Pathways to Literacy 

Achievement for High Poverty Children,” 29 Sept – 1 Okt ,The University of Michigan School of 

Education.

 

Palis, A. G.& Quiros, P. A. (2014). Adult Learning Principles and Presentation Pearls. Middle East 

Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr-Jun; 21(2): 114–122.

 

Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4?? 

ed.). Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

 

Papp,  R.  (2000).  Critical  Success  Factors  for  Distance  Learning.  Americas  Conference  on 

Information Systems AMCIS 2000 Proceedings. 104

 

Pappas C. (2013). Elearning Industry: 17 Tips to Motivated Adult learners. Retrieved 2015, from 

http://elearningindustry.com/17-tips-to-motivate-adult-learners

 

Pappas C. (2014). Elearning Industry: 9 Tips to Apply Adult Learning Theory to eLearning. Retrieved 

   2015.    http://elearningindustry.com/9-tips-apply-adultlearning-theory-to- elearning

 

Pardede,   Timbul (2011) Pemanfaatan   E-Learning   Sebagai   Media   Pembelajaran   Pada 

Pendidikan Tinggi Jarak Jauh. In: Seminar Nasional FMIPA-UT 2011.

 

Park, J. H., & Choi, H. J. (2009). Factors influencing adult learners' decision to drop out or 

persist in online learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 207- 217.

 

Park, Y. (2011). A Pedagogical Framework for Mobile Learning: Categorizing Educational Applications 

 of  Mobile  Technologies  into  Four  Types.  International  Review  of Research in Open and 

Distance Learning Vol. 12.2 February – 2011

 

Patel,  N.,  Memon,  S.,  Khan,  Z  &  Pirani,  E.  Z.  (2016).  Implementing  Andragogy  Using 

Multimedia  Courses.  Imperial  Journal  of  Interdisciplinary  Research  (IJIR)  Vol-2, Issue-5, 

2016 pp.1165 ISSN: 2454-1362,

 

Pelan  Strategik  Pengajian  Tinggi  Negara  Melangkaui  Tahun  2020.  (2004).  ISBN  978-983- 

3663-09-5

 

Persichitte, K. (2013). Leadership for educational technology contexts in tumultuous higher 

education seas. Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 57(5), 14-17.

 

Petridou, A., Nicolaidou, M. & Karagiorgi, Y. (2016). Exploring the impact of professional 

development   and   professional   practice   on   school   leaders’   selfefficacy:   a   quasi- 

experimental study. Journal School Effectiveness and School Improvement 28(1), 56-73

 

Philips, T., Hannafin, M., & Tripp, S. (1988). The effects of practice and orienting activities on  

learning  from  interactive  video.  Educational  Communications  and  Technology

Journal, 36, 93–102

 

Phillips,  B.  (2017).  Student-Produced  Podcasts  in  Language  Learning  -  Exploring  Student 

Perceptions of Podcast Activities. IAFOR Journal Of Education, 5(3), 157-171.

 

Piaw, C. Y. (2006). Kaedah dan Stitistik Penyelidikan. Buku 2. Asas Statistik Penyelidikan.

Mc Graw Hill. Kuala Lumpur

 

Piaw, C. Y. (2013). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan (Buku 3) Analisis Data Skala Likert (Edisi Kedua). 

Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill Education (Asia)

 

Pozdnyakova,  O.  &  Pozdnyakov,  A.  (2016).  Adult  Students’  Problems  in  the  Distance 

Learning.   16th   Conference   on   Reliability   and   Statistics   in   Transportation   and 

Communication,   RelStat’2016,   19-22   October,   2016,   Riga,   Latvia.   Procedia Engineering 

178 (2017) 243 – 248 doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.105

 

Pujazon, J. M. (2011). Exploration of Instructional Material Design and Delivery Methods on Adult 

Knowledge Retention. Tesis.

 

Pullagurla, A. (2014). 6 Top Facts About Adult Learning Theory. eLearning Industry. 

 

Purbohadi,  S.  S.,  Harsono,  H.,  Prihatiningsih,  T.  S.  & Emilia,  O. (2014).  Applied  CAL on

Problem Based Learning Using Gagne’s Instructional Design. International Journal of Emerging 

Technologies in Learning. Vol 9, No 9 (2014) 9-16

 

Rabourn,  K.  E.,  Shoup,  R.  &  BrckaLorenz,  A.  (2015).  Barriers  in  Returning  to  Learning: 

Engagement  and  Support  of  Adult  Learners  Annual  Forum  of  the  Association  for 

Institutional Research Denver, Colorado May, 2015

 

Rahman, H. (2014). The Role of ICT In Open And Distance Education.  Turkish Online Journal of 

Distance Education-TOJDE October 2014 Volume: 15 Number: 4 Article 9 162-169

 

Ramganesh, E & Amutha, S. (2011). Impact Of Multimedia Based Instructional Design On The College 

Students. i-manager’s Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 8 No. 1 April - June 2011

 

Rashid,  M.  &  Elahi,  U.  (2012).  Use  of  Educational  Technology  in  Promoting  Distance 

Education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE January 2012 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 

13 Number: 1 Article 3

 

Rashid, N & Rashid, M. (2012). Issues and Problems in Distance Education. Turkish Online Journal  

of  Distance  Education-TOJDE  January  2012  ISSN  1302-6488  Volume:  13 Number: 1

 

Rashid, T. & Muhammad Asghar, H. (2016). Technology use, self-directed learning, student engagement 

and academic performance: Examining the interrelations.  Computers in Human Behavior 63 (2016) 

604e612

 

Repetto C, Pedroli E & Macedonia M (2017) Enrichment Effects of Gestures and Pictures on Abstract 

Words in a Second Language. Frontier Psychology Vol 8 Article 2136. doi:

10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02136

 

Rias, R. M & Zaman, H. B. (2011). Designing multimedia learning application with learning theories: 

 A  case  study  on  a  computer  science  subject  with  2-D  and  3-D  animated versions. 

Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, Volume 12, Issue 2, Article 6, p.1 (Dec., 

2011)

 

Richart, P. A. (2015). Learning 4.0 Virtual Immersive Engineering Education. X International Guide 

Conference 16-18 September 2015 Vienna, Austria

 

Ritzhaupt, A. D. & Kumar, S. (2015). Knowledge and Skills Needed by Instructional Designers in 

Higher Education Performance Improvement Quarterly, 28 (3) pp. 51 – 69 Published online in Wiley 

Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/piq.21196

 

Robb, C. A. & Sutton, J. (2014). The Importance of Social Presence and Motivation in Distance 

Learning. The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering Vol 31, No. 2 Article 2 

References 24 2-10

 

Rosenbaum,  P.  E.  L.  (2012).  Educational  Design:  Learners’  Attitudes  Towards  Blended 

Learning with Online Multimedia Instruction. International Journal of Learning and Teaching Vol 4, 

issue 2 (2012) 42-61

 

Rossi, D., van Rensburg, H., Beer, C., Clark, D., Danaher, P. & Harreveld, B. (2013). Learning 

interactions:  A  cross-institutional  multi-disciplinary  analysis  of  learner-learner  and 

learner-teacher  and  learner-content  interactions  in  online  learning  contexts.  Final Report 

2012. dehub Report Series 2013, Armidale NSW, Australia: University of New England, dehub. 

Diperolehi dari http://dehub.edu.au/publications/reports/

 

Roulston, A., Cleak, H. & Vreugdenhil, A. (2018). Promoting Readiness to Practice: Which Learning 

Activities Promote Competence and Professional Identity for Student Social Workers During Practice 

Learning? Journal of Social Work Education

 

Rovai, A. P., & Downey, J. R. (2010). Why some distance education programs fail while others 

succeed in a global environment. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 141-147.

 

Rusli, M. dan Negara, I. K. R. Y.(2017). The Effect of Animation in Multimedia Computer- Based 

Learning and Learning Style to the Learning Results. Turkish Online Journal of Distance 

Education-TOJDE October 2017  ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 18  Number: 4

Article 13

 

Rusticus, S. A. & Lovato, C. Y. (2014). Impact of Sample Size and Variability on the Power and  

Type   I  Error  Rates  of   Equivalence  Tests:  A  Simulation  Study.   Practical Assessment,  

Research  &  Evaluation.  Vol  19,  No.  11,  August  2014  Diperolehi  dari 

http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=19&n=11

 

Sandanayake, T. C. (2019). Promoting Open Educational Resources-Based Blended Learning. 

International  Journal  of  Educational  Technology  in  Higher  Education  (2019)  16:3 

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0133-6

 

Sankey, M., Birch, D. & Gardiner, M. (2010). Engaging students through multimodal learning 

environments:  The  journey  continues.  ascilite  2010  conference  Novotel  Sydney

Brighton Beach, New South Wales, Australia  5-8 December 2010.

 

Sardi, J & Majid, M.A.A. 2004. E-Pembelajaran: Tinjauan Penggunaan Kosa Kata dan Nahu dalam Laman 

Web Percuma dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa   Arab.   Monograf   

Penyelidikan).   Institut   Penyelidikan,   Perundingan   & Pengkomersilan, Universiti Teknologi 

MARA.

 

Sarsar, F. (2012). Motivation and Online Adult Learners: How do we do that? Anadolu Journal of 

Educational Sciences International, January 2012, 2(1). Pp 42-49

 

Savvidou,  C.  (2018).  Exploring  the  Pedagogy  of  Online  Feedback  in  Supporting  Distance 

Learners. In Núria Llevot-Calvet (Ed.) Advanced Learning and Teaching Environments

- Innovation, Contents and Methods London, UK: IntechOpen

 

Schell,  G.  P.,  &  Janicki,  T.  J.  (2012).  Online  Course  Pedagogy  And  The  Constructivist 

Learning Model. Journal of the Southern Association for Information Systems.

 

Schneider, B. A., Avivi-Reich, M. & Mozuraitis, M. (2015). A cautionary note on the use of the  

Analysis  of  Covariance  (ANCOVA)  in  classification  designs  with  and  without within-subject 

factors. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol 6:474.

 

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories An Educational Perspective 6?? ed. Boston: Pearson Seaman, 

J. E., Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2018). Grade Increase Tracking Distance Education

In The United States. Babson Survey Research Group

 

Sebastopol.  D.  N.  (2011).  Slide:ology.  The  art  and  science  of  creating  great  

presentations.

O’Reilly 2011.

 

Serdyukov, P. (2017). Innovation in education: what works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it?. 

Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, Vol. 10 Issue: 1, pp.4-33

 

Serin, O. (2011). The Effects Of The Computer-Based Instruction On The Achivement And Problem 

Solving Skills Of The Science And Technology Students TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of 

Educational Technology – January 2011, volume 10 Issue 1183 -201

 

Silalahi, A., Hutabarat, W., Tarigan, S. & Chandra, Y. (2018). Impact of Multimedia-Based Off-Line  

Learning  on  Student  Motivation  and  Outcomes.  Asian  Journal  of  Social Science Studies Vol. 

3, No. 4; 2018

 

Singh,  R.  N.  &  Hurley,  D.  C.  (2017).  The  Effectiveness  of  Teaching-Learning  Process  in 

Online  Education  as  Perceived  by University  Faculty  and  Instructional  Technology 

Professionals.  Journal  of  Teaching  and  Learning  with  Technology,  Vol.  6,  No.  1, January 

2017, pp. 65-75. doi:10.14434/jotlt.v6n1.19528

 

Sink, D.L. (2014). Instructional Design Models and Learning Theories. American Society for Training 

& Development (ASTD) Handbook. California: Berrett

 

Slavin, R. E. (2011). Instruction based on cooperative learning. In R. Mayer (Ed.), Handbook

of research on learning and instruction. London: Taylor & Francis.

 

Smith,  S.  P.  (2017).  Adult  Learners  Effective  Training  Methods.  American  Society  for

Professional Safety. Dec 2017 22-25

 

Smith  Jr.,  A.  R.,  Cavanaugh,  C.  &  Moore,  W.  A.  (2011).  Instructional  multimedia:  An 

investigation  of  student  and  instructor  attitudes  and  student  study  behavior.  BMC Medical 

Education 2011, 11:38

 

Sogunro,   O.   A.   (2015).   Motivating  Factors   for   Adult   Learners   in   Higher   

Education.

International Journal of Higher Education. Vol 4, No.1 22-37.

 

Sorden, S. D. (2013). The cognitive theory of multimedia learning.  Handbook of educational 

theories.  Edited by Beverly Irby, Genevieve H. Brown, Rafael LaraAiecio, Dr. Shirley

A. Jackson. North Carolina: Information Age Publishing Inc.

 

Spector, J. M. (2012). Foundations of educational technology. New York, NY:Routledge. 

 

Stein,  D.  S.,  Wanstreet,  C.  E.  &  Krisch,  C.  (2011).  Distance  Education  Research  in  Adult

Education Journals: A Content Analysis. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in

Adult, Continuing, Community and Extension Education, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, 

September 21-23, 2011

 

Stevens,  J.  P.  (2002). Applied  multivariate  statistics  for  the  social  sciences. Mahwah,  

NJ: Lawrence Erblaum.

 

Strong,  R.,  Harder,  A.  &  Carter,  H.  (2010).  Agricultural  extension  agents'  perceptions  

of effective teaching strategies for adult learners in  the master beef producer program. Journal 

of Extension, 48(3), 1-7.

 

Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Online education and its effective practice: A research review.

Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15, 157-190.

 

Surjono, H. D. (2015). The Effects of Multimedia And Learning Style On Student Achievement In  

Online  Electronic  Course.  TOJET:  The  Turkish  Online  Journal  of  Educational Technology 2015 

Vol 14 Issue 1

 

Syaifudin, M. & van Rensburg, H. (2018). Considerations for the Development of Computer- Assisted 

Language Learning (CALL) Teacher Training Course: A Practical Experience from a Call Course 

Development in Indonesia. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special     Issue     on     CALL     

Number     4.     July     2018     Pp.     84-108     DOI: 

https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call4.7

 

Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.)Upper Saddle River, NJ: 

Pearson.

 

Tang, L. (2018). Research on Content Innovation of Distance Education in the Background of 

Internet. 2018 International Conference on Education, Psychology, and Management Science     

(ICEPMS     2018).     Francis     Academic     Press,     UK     340     DOI:

10.25236/icepms.2018.159

 

Taylor, D.C.M. & Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching  

in  medical  education:  AMEE  Guide  No.  83  Medical  Teacher  Web  Paper AMEE Guide. 2013; 35: 

e1561– e1572

 

Teoh, B. S.-P., & Neo, T.-K. (2007). Interactive Multimedia Learning: Students' Attitudes and 

Learning  Impact  in  an  Animation  Course.  Online  Submission,  The  Turkish  Online Journal of 

Educational Technology – TOJET October 2007 ISSN: 1303-6521 volume 6 Issue 4 Article 3.

 

Terlemez,  M.  S  dan  Ozturk,  S.  (2018).  The  Internet  and  Websites  for  Women  from  a 

Perspective  of  Lifelong  Learning.  International  Women  Online  Journal  of  Distance Education 

April, 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Article: 01

 

Thangapragasam,  S.  &  Ramanathan,  V.  (2012).   Contribution  Of  Multimedia  Courseware Towards 

Learning in Open Distance Learning. SEGi Review ISSN 1985-5672 Vol. 5, No. 2, December 2012, 17-26

 

Tosho, A., Abdul Mutalib, A. & Abdul Salam, S. N. (2014). Usability of Instructional Interface: 

Accessibility   Strategies   of   Courseware   Design   for   Distance   Learning,   Nigeria 

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 105 – No. 17,

November 2014pp 32-36

 

Trochim, W. M. K. & Donnelly, J. P. (2008). The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 3rd Edition 3rd 

Edition. Atomic Dog/Cengage Learning,

 

Ullah, H., Rehman, Er, A. & Saeeda Bibi, S. (2015). Gagne’s 9 Events Of Instruction - A Time Tested 

Way To Improve Teaching. Pak Armed Forces Med J 2015; 65(4): 535-39

 

Vahey, P., Presserb,  A.  L.  & Rosenfield, D.  (2015). Promoting Preschool Children’s Math 

Learning   through   Technology   Integration.   National   Council   of   Teachers   of 

Mathematics 2015 Research Conference, Boston MA. 15-18 April 2015

 

van Rhijn, T., Lero, D. S. & Burke, T. (2016). Why Go Back to School? Investigating the Motivations 

of Student Parents to Pursue Post-Secondary Education. New Horizons in Adult Education & Human 

Resource Development 28(2), 14-26

 

Vate-U-Lan, P. (2007). Readiness of eLearning Connectivity in Thailand. Fourth International 

Conference  on  eLearning  for  Knowledge-Based  Society,  November  18-19,  2007, Bangkok, 

Thailand, 21.1-21.7.

 

Vaughan, T. (2001). Multimedia Making It Work. Fifth Education. USA: McGraw-Hill.

 

Veletsianos, G. (2016). The Defining Characteristics of Emerging Technologies and Emerging

Practices in Digital Education. 3-16 In Emergence And Innovation In Digital Learning.

Editor: George Veletsianos. AU Press, Athabasca University: Athabasca

 

Venkatesh, V., Rabah, J., Fusaro, M., Couture, A., Varela, W. & Alexander, K. (2016). Factors 

Impacting University Instructors’ and Students’ Perceptions of Course Effectiveness and Technology 

Integration in the Age of Web 2.0. McGill Journal of Education, 51(1),

533–561

 

Verecio,  R.  L.  (2014).  Students’  Evaluation  of  an  Interactive  Multimedia  Courseware.

International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 2 No. 6 June 2014

 

Villamil-Casanova,  J.  &  Molina,  L.  (1996).  An  Interactive  Guide  to  Multimedia.  Que 

Education n Training. U.S.A: Prentice Hall.

 

Wan Jamel, S. F. (2013). Penggunaan Multimedia Dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Arab: Satu Kajian Kes. 

Tesis. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Warne,  R.  T.  (2013). "A  primer  on  multivariate  analysis  of  variance  (MANOVA)  for 

behavioral scientists". Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. 19 (17): 1–10.

 

Wijngaards-de Meij, L. & Merx, S. (2018). Improving curriculum alignment and achieving learning 

goals by making the curriculum visible. International Journal For Academic Development 2018, Vol. 

23, No. 3, 219–231

 

Wong, K. Y. (2017). Designs Of Open And Distance Learning (ODL) Education: Case Of Malaysia   

Industry-Focused   Doctoral   Studies.   The   Online   Journal   of   Distance Education and 

e-Learning, April 2017 Vol 5, Issue 2

 

Woo, W. H. (2016). Using Gagne’s instructional model in phlebotomy education. Advances in Medical 

Education and Practice 2016:7 511–516

 

Woolfitt,  Z.  (2015).  The  effective  use  of  video  in  higher  education.  Lectoraat  

Teaching, Learning and Technology Inholland University of Applied Sciences

 

Wu,  Z.  (2017).  Research  on  the  Strategy  Optimization  of  Multimedia  Assisted  Bilingual 

Teaching. Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería U.C.V., Vol. 32, No9, pp. 554-559, 2017

 

Wyatt, L. G. (2011). Non-traditional student engagement: Increasing adult student success and 

retention. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 59(1), 10-20.

 

Xiao,  J.  (2017).  Learner-content  interaction  in  distance  education:  The  weakest  link  in 

interaction    research.    Distance    Education,    2017    Vol.    38,    No.    1,    123–135 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2017.1298982

 

Xie, H., Mayer, R. E., Wang, F., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Coordinating Visual and Auditory Cueing in   

Multimedia   Learning.   Journal   of   Educational   Psychology.   Advance   online publication. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000285

 

Xie,  Y.  (2018).  Research  on  Educational  Technology  System  Based  on  Multimedia  and 

Computer   Aided   Design.   2018   International   Conference   on   Management   and Education, 

Humanities and Social Sciences (MEHSS 14-15 April 2018). Advances in Social Science, Education and 

Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 189

 

Yamauchi, L. G. (2008). Effects of multimedia instructional material on students' learning and 

their perceptions of the instruction. Tesis. Iowa State University Repository

 

Yassin, M. (2015). Kembali kepada tujuan asas pendidikan. Utusan Online 17 Januari 2015

Atas talian 29 April 2019

 

Yoag, A., Na, C. S., Beng, L. Y. & Japang, M. (2012). Students’ and Teachers’ perception towards  

an  Interactive  Courseware  for  History  Subject:  A  Case  Study  in  Labuan Secondary  Schools. 

 Malaysian  Journal  of  Educational  Technology  Volume  12, Number 3, September 2012 ISSN 1675 

0292 5

 

Yucheng, S. & Shaoli, J. (2015). Teaching Reform on Computer Operating System. 2015 7th 

International  Conference  on  Information  Technology  in  Medicine  and  Education (ITME) 13-15 

November 2015, Huangshan, Anhui, China 615 – 617

 

Yui, L., Ng, R. J. & Perera, H. W. A. (2017). Concrete Abstract Words-What do you Recall Better? A 

study on Dual coding Theory. PeerJ Preprints Open Access

 

Zawacki-Richter,  O.  &  Naidu,  S.  (2016).  Mapping  research  trends  from  35  years  of 

publications   in   Distance   Education.   Distance   Education.   37:3,   245-269,   DOI: 

10.1080/01587919.2016.1185079

 

Zhang, C. & Zheng, G. (2013). Supporting Adult Learning: Enablers, Barriers, and Services. 14th 

Annual Conference in Information Technology Education (SIGITE) and the 2nd Annual  Conference  on  

Research  in  Information  Technology  (RIIT) will  be  held  in Orlando, Florida, October 10-12, 

2013.

 

Zhang, L. (2015).   The Production of Multimedia Courseware in Animation Teaching: The Perspective  

 of   Visual   Arts.   International   Conference   on   Logistics   Engineering, Management  and  

Computer  Science  (LEMCS  2015).  July  29-31,  2015  Shenyang, China.

 

Zhou.  G.  &  Guo,  F.  (2016).  Application  of  Educational  Information  Technology  in  the 

"Fundamentals of Computer” Curriculum Reform 2016 8th International Conference on Information 

Technology in Medicine and Education Hilton Garden Inn Fuzhou 23 Dec - 25 Dec 2016

 

Zhu,  X.  (2015).  The  Design  of  Multimedia  Interactive  Courseware  Based  on  FLASH. 

International  Conference  on  Education,  Management  and  Computing  Technology (ICEMCT 2015) 

Tianjin, China on June 13-14, 2015.

 

Zimmerman, T. D. (2012). Exploring learner to content interaction as a success factor in online 

courses.  The  International  Review  of  Research  in  Open  and  Distributed  Learning, 13(4), 

152-165.

 

Zulkifli, A. N., Ahmad, M., Abu Bakar, J. A., Mat, R. C. & Noora N. M. (2015). Interactive 

Persuasive   Learning   Elements   Among   Elderly:   A   Measurement   Model.   Jurnal

Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 77:4 (2015) pp 145-153