UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :article
Subject :Q Science (General)
Main Author :Azlan bin Kamari
Additional Authors :S. Ishak
Title :A review of optimum conditions of transesterification process for biodiesel production from various feedstocks
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2019
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Development of low-cost, sustainable and environmentally friendly biodiesel is a key focus in the energy industry worldwide. It is known that selecting suitable raw feedstock materials and optimising an efcient transesterifcation process are crucial in biodiesel production. Efective and realistic strategies are imperative in order to boost the quantity and quality of biodiesel production. In fact, scientists and researchers have put great efort to improve the market value of their biodiesel products. In recent years, the feasibilities of several raw materials as feedstocks to produce biodiesel have been assessed by researchers.These materials were reported able to produce biodiesel that met international standards, namely  the American Society for Test and Materials D6751 and European Standard 14214. Although these biodiesel products have met the quality criteria, their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents difer. This review focuses on optimum conditions (methanol/oil molar ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time) of transesterifcation process for biodiesel production from various feedstocks. The infuence of these factors on FAME composition is also discussed. This review is benefcial to scientists working on biodiesel production particularly for the evolution of eco-friendly and low-cost biodiesel.

References

1. Abbaszaadeh A, Ghobadian B, Omidkhah MR, Najaf G (2012) Current biodiesel production technologies: a comparative review. Energ Convers Manag 63:138–148

2. Abdullah SHYS, Hanapi NHM, Azid A, Umar R, Juahir H, Khatoon H, Endut A (2017) A review of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 70:1040–1051

3. Adewale P, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M (2015) Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques. Renew Sust Energ Rev 45:574–588

4. Ahmad J, Yusup S, Bokhari A, Kamil RNM (2014) Study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel. Energ Convers Manag 78:266–275

5. Alptekin E, Canakci M (2011) Optimization of transesterification for methyl ester production from chicken fat. Fuel 90(8):2630–2638

6. Ambat I, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M (2018) Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 90:356–369

7. Angerbauer C, Siebenhofer MM, Mittelbach M, Guebitz GM (2008) Conversion of sewage sludge into lipids by Lipomyces starkeyifor biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 99(8):3051–3056

8. Anuar MR, Abdullah AZ (2016) Challenges in biodiesel industry with regards to feedstock, environmental, social and sustainability issues: a critical review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 58:208–223

9. Aransiola EF, Ojumu TV, Oyekola OO, Madzimbamuto TF, IkhuOmoregbe DIO (2014) A review of current technology for biodiesel production: state of the art. Biomass Bioenergy 61:276–297 Araújo BQ, Nunes RCDR, De Moura CVR, De Moura EM, Citó

10. AMDGL, Dos Santos Júnior JR (2010) Synthesis and characterization of beef tallow biodiesel. Energy Fuels 24(8):4476–4480

11. Atabani AE, Silitonga AS, Badruddin IA, Mahlia TMI, Masjuki HH, Mekhilef S (2012) A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(4):2070–2093

12. Atadashi IM, Aroua MK, Abdul Aziz AR, Sulaiman NMN (2012) Production of biodiesel using high free fatty acid feedstocks. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:3275–3285

13. Avhad MR, Marchetti JM (2015) A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 50:696–718

14. Bardi U (2009) Peak oil: the four stages of a new idea. Energy 34(3):323–326

15. Baskar G, Aiswarya R (2016) Trends in catalytic production of biodiesel from various feedstocks. Renew Sust Energ Rev 57:496–504

16. Berchmans HJ, Hirata S (2008) Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Bioresour Technol 99(6):1716–1721

17. Bhuiya MMK, Rasul MG, Khan MMK, Ashwath N, Azad AK (2016) Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuel-Part: 1 selection of feedstocks, oil extraction techniques and conversion technologies. Renew Sust Energ Rev 55:1109–1128

18. Borges ME, Díaz L (2012) Recent developments on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production by oil esterifcation and transesterifcation reactions: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(5):2839–2849

19. Borugadda VB, Goud VV (2012) Biodiesel production from renewable feedstocks: status and opportunities. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:4763–4784

20. Cai ZZ, Wang Y, Teng YL, Chong KM, Wang JW, Zhang JW, Yang DP (2015) A two-step biodiesel production process from waste cooking oil via recycling crude glycerol esterifcation catalyzed by alkali catalyst. Fuel Process Technol 137:186–193

21. Canakci M, Sanli H (2008) Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their efects on the fuel properties. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(5):431–441

22. Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Arcaklioglu E, Erdil A (2009) Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from waste frying palm oil. Expert Syst Appl 36(5):9268–9280

23. Carvalho AKF, da Conceição LRV, Silva JPV, Perez VH, de Castro HF (2017) Biodiesel production from Mucor circinelloides using ethanol and heteropolyacid in one and two-step transesterifcation. Fuel 202:503–511

24. Chakraborty R, Gupta AK, Chowdhury R (2014) Conversion of slaughterhouse and poultry farm animal fats and wastes to biodiesel: parametric sensitivity and fuel quality assessment. Renew Sust Energ Rev 29:120–134

25. Chakraborty R, Chatterjee S, Mukhopadhyay P, Barman S (2016) Progresses in waste biomass derived catalyst for production of biodiesel and bioethanol: a review. Procedia Environ Sci 35:546–554

26. Chisti Y (2007) Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 25:294–306

27. ?i?ková H, Newton GL, Lacy RC, Kozánek M (2015) The use of fy larvae for organic waste treatment. Waste Manag 35:68–80

28. Converti A, Casazza AA, Ortiz EY, Perego P, Borghi M (2009) Efect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production. Chem Eng Process 48:1146–1151

29. Datta A, Mandal BK (2016) A comprehensive review of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engine. Renew Sust Energ Rev 57:799–821

30. Demirbas A (2009) Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energ Convers Manag 50(1):14–34

31. Diener S, Studt Solano NM, Roa Gutiérrez F, Zurbrugg C, Tockner K (2011) Biological treatment of municipal organic waste using Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Waste Biomass Valorization 2(4):357–363

32. Douglas AE (2007) Symbiotic microorganisms: untapped resources for insect pest control. Trends Biotechnol 25(8):338–342

33. Erwin TL (2004) The biodiversity question. How many species of terrestrial arthropods are there? In forest canopies: Second edition, Elsevier, London: 259–269

34. Farobie O, Leow ZYM, Samanmulya T, Matsumura Y (2016) New insight in biodiesel production using supercritical 1-propanol. Energy Convers Manag 124:212–218

35. Foottit RG, Adler PH (2009) Insect biodiversity: science and society. Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken

36. Fukuda H, Kond A, Noda H (2001) Biodiesel fuel production by transesterifcation. J Biosci Bioeng 92(5):405–406

37. Ghadge SV, Raheman H (2005) Biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenergy 28(6):601–605

38. Ghadge SV, Raheman H (2006) Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 97(3):379–384

39. Ghazali WNMW, Mamat R, Masjuki HH, Najaf G (2015) Efects of biodiesel from diferent feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 51:585–602

40. Ghosh S, Banerjee S, Das D (2017) Process intensifcation of biodiesel production from Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 by single step transesterifcation. Algal Res 27:12–20

41. Gicquell RGM (2013) Introduction to Global Energy Issues (second). CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton

42. Hajjari M, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Ghanavati H (2017) A review on the prospects of sustainable biodiesel production: a global scenario with an emphasis on waste-oil biodiesel utilization. Renew Sust Energ Rev 72:445–464

43. Hasni K, Ilham Z, Dharma S, Varman M (2017) Optimization of biodiesel production from Brucea javanica seeds oil as novel nonedible feedstock using response surface methodology. Energ Convers Manag 149:392–400

44. Helwani Z, Othman MR, Aziz N, Kim J, Fernando WJN (2009) Solid heterogeneous catalysts for transesterifcation of triglycerides with methanol: a review. Appl Catal A 363(1–2):1–10

45. Hook M, Tang X (2013) Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change-A review. Energy Policy 52:797–809

46. Issariyakul T, Dalai AK (2014) Biodiesel from vegetable oils. Renew Sust Energ Rev 31:446–471

47. Jeong GT, Yang HS, Park DH (2009) Optimization of transesterifcation of animal fat ester using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 100(1):25–30

48. Kakati J, Gogoi TK (2016) Biodiesel production from Kutkura (Meyna spinosa Roxb. Ex.) fruit seed oil: its characterization and engine performance evaluation with 10% and 20% blends. Energ Convers Manag 121:152–161

49. Kamel DA, Farag HA, Amin NK, Zatout AA, Ali RM (2018) Smart utilization of jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linnaeus) seeds for biodiesel production: optimization and mechanism. Ind Crops Prod 111:407–413

50. Karmakar A, Karmakar S, Mukherjee S (2010) Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 101:7201–7210

51. Khatib H (2012) IEA world energy outlook 2011-A comment. Energy Policy 48:737–743

52. Kirubakaran M, Arul MSV (2018) Eggshell as heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of biodiesel from high free fatty acid chicken fat and its working characteristics on a CI engine. J Environ Chem Eng 6(4):4490–4503

53. Kudre TG, Bhaskar N, Sakhare PZ (2017) Optimization and characterization of biodiesel production from rohu (Labeo rohita) processing waste. Renew Energy 113:1408–1418

54. Kumar A, Sharma S (2011) Potential non-edible oil resources as biodiesel feedstock: an Indian perspective. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(4):1791–1800

55. Leong SY, Kutty SRM, Malakahmad A, Tan CK (2015) Feasibility study of biodiesel production using lipids of Hermetia illucens larva fed with organic waste. Waste Manag 47:84–90

56. Li Q, Zhen L, Hou Y, Yang S, Yu Z (2011a) Insect fat, a promising resource for biodiesel. J Pet Environ Biotechnol S2(1):2–4

57. Li Q, Zheng L, Cai H, Garza E, Yu Z, Zhou S (2011b) From organic waste to biodiesel: black soldier fy, Hermetia illucens, makes it feasible. Fuel 90(4):1545–1548

58. Li Q, Zheng L, Qiu N, Cai H, Tomberlin JK, Yu Z (2011c) Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production. Waste Manag 31(6):1316–1320

59. Li Z, Yang D, Huang M, Hu X, Shen J, Zhao Z, Chen J (2012) Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) larvae: a new biodiesel resource. Appl Energy 94:349–354

60. Li W, Li Q, Zheng L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yu Z, Zhang Y (2015) Potential biodiesel and biogas production from corncob by anaerobic fermentation and black soldier fy. Bioresour Technol 194:276–282

61. Lin L, Cunshan Z, Vittayapadung S, Xiangqian S, Mingdong D (2011) Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel. Appl Energy 88(4):1020–1031

62. Ma Y, Wang Q, Sun X, Wu C, Gao Z (2017) Kinetics studies of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using FeCl3-modifed resin as heterogeneous catalyst. Renew Energy 107:522–530

63. Mansir N, Yap YHT, Rashid U, Lokman IM (2016) Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: a review. Energ Convers Manag 141:171–182

64. Manzano-agugliaro F, Montoya FG, Gil C, Alcayde A, Gómez J, BaR (2011) Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:1753–1766

65. Manzano-Agugliaro F, Sanchez-muros MJ, Barroso FG, Martínezsánchez A, Rojo S (2012) Insects for biodiesel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:3744–3753

66. Marchetti JMÃ, Miguel VU, Errazu AF (2007) Possible methods for biodiesel production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 11:1300–1311

67. Marulanda VF, Anitescu G, Tavlarides LL (2010) Investigations on supercritical transesterifcation of chicken fat for biodiesel production from low-cost lipid feedstocks. J Supercrit Fluids 54:53–60

68. Mazanov SV, Gabitova AR, Usmanov RA, Gumerov FM, Labidi S, Amar MB, Passarello J-P, Kanaev A, Volle F, Neindre BL (2016) Continuous production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil by ultrasonic assist transesterifcation in supercritical ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 118:107–118

69. Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour Technol 97(6):841–846

70. Mofjur M, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Atabani AE, Shahabuddin M, Palash SM, Hazrat MA (2013) Efect of biodiesel from various feedstocks on combustion characteristics engine durability and materials compatibility: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 28:441–455

71. Moser BR, Vaughn SF (2012) Efcacy of fatty acid profle as a tool for screening feedstocks for biodiesel production. Biomass Bioenergy 37:31–41

72. Musa IA (2014) The efects of alcohol to oil molar ratios and the type of alcohol on biodiesel production using transesterifcation process. Egypt J Petrol 25:21–31

73. Nguyen HC, Liang SH, Li SY, Su CH, Chien CC, Chen YJ, Huong DTM (2018) Direct transesterifcation of black soldier fy larvae (Hermetia illucens) for biodiesel production. J Taiwan Inst Chem E 85:165–169

74. Noor CWM, Noor MM, Mamat R (2018) Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 94:127–142

75. Nurftri I, Maniam GP, Hindrya N, Yusof NHM, Ganesan S (2013) Potential of feedstock and catalysts from waste in biodiesel preparation: a review. Energy Convers Manag 74:395–402

76. OECD/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015) OECD-FAO agricultural outlook. OECD Publishing, Paris

77. Oliveira DTd, Vasconcelos CT, Feitosa AMT, Aboim JB, Oliveira ANd, Xavier LP, Santos AS, Gonçalves EC, Filho GNdR, Nascimento LASd (2018) Lipid profle analysis of three new Amazonian cyanobacteria as potential sources of biodiesel. Fuel 234:785–788

78. Omar WNNW, Amin NAS (2011) Optimization of heterogeneous biodiesel production from waste cooking palm oil via response surface methodology. Biomass Bioenergy 35(3):1329–1338

79. Onukwuli DO, Emembolu LN, Ude CN, Aliozo SO, Menkiti MC (2016) Optimization of biodiesel production from refned cotton seed oil and its characterization. Egypt J Pet 26(1):103–110

80. Patel A, Sindhu DK, Arora N, Singh RP, Pruthi V, Pruthi PA (2015) Biodiesel production from non-edible lignocellulosic biomass of Cassia fstula L. fruit pulp using oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae HIMPA1. Bioresour Technol 197:91–98

81. Phan AN, Phan TM (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel 87(17–18):3490–3496

82. Pinzi S, Leiva-Candia D, Lopez-Garcia I, Redel-Macias MD, Dorado MP (2013) Review: latest trends in feedstocks for biodiesel production. Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefn 8(1):126–143

83. Pramanik K (2003) Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine. Renew Energy 28(2):239–248

84. Puhan S, Vedaraman N, Ram BVB, Sankarnarayanan G, Jeychandran K (2005) Mahua oil (Madhuca Indica seed oil) methyl ester as biodiesel-preparation and emission characteristics. Biomass Bioenergy 28(1):87–93

85. Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C (2005) Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel 84(4):335–340

86. Sahar Sadaf S, Iqbal J, Ullah I, Bhatti HN, Nouren S, Ur-Rehman H, Nisar J, Iqbal M (2018) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: an efcient technique to convert waste into biodiesel. Sustain Cities Soc 41:220–226

87. Sahoo PK, Das LM (2009) Process optimization for biodiesel production from Jatropha. Karanja and Polanga oils. Fuel 88(9):1588–1594

88. Sakthivel R, Ramesh K, Purnachandran R, Shameer PM (2018) A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesel. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:2970–2992

89. Salvi BL, Panwar NL (2012) Biodiesel resources and production technologies—A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(6):3680–3689

90. Sánchez Á, Maceiras R, Cancela Á, Pérez A (2013) Culture aspects of Isochrysis galbana for biodiesel production. Appl Energy 101:192–197

91. Sani YM, Daud WMAW, Abdul Aziz AR (2014) Activity of solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production: a critical review. Appl Catal A 470:140–161

92. Sawangkeaw R, Ngamprasertsith S (2013) A review of lipid-based biomasses as feedstocks for biofuels production. Renew Sust Energ Rev 25:97–108

93. Shahid EM, Jamal Y (2011) Production of biodiesel: a technical review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:4732–4745

94. Shan R, Lu L, Shi Y, Yuan H, Shi J (2018) Catalysts from renewable resources for biodiesel production. Energy Convers Manag 178:277–289

95. Sheppard CD, Newton L, Thompson SA, Savage S (1994) A value added manure management system using the black soldier fy. Bioresour Technol 50(3):275–279

96. Shumaker JL, Crofcheck C, Tackett SA, Santillan-Jimenez E, Crocker M (2007) Biodiesel production from soybean oil using calcined Li-Al layered double hydroxide catalysts. Catal Lett 115(1–2):56–61

97. Singh SP, Singh D (2010) Biodiesel production through the use of diferent sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(1):200–216

98. Souza SP, Seabra JEA, Nogueira LAH (2017) Feedstocks for biodiesel production: brazilian and global perspectives. Biofuels 9(4):455–478

99. Sulaiman S, Abdul Aziz AR, Aroua MK (2013) Reactive extraction of solid coconut waste to produce biodiesel. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44(2):233–238

100. Sunita G, Devassy BM, Vinu A, Sawant DP, Balasubramanian VV, Halligudi SB (2008) Synthesis of biodiesel over zirconia-supported isopoly and heteropoly tungstate catalysts. Catal Communs 9(5):696–702

101. Talebian-Kiakalaieh A, Amin NAS, Zarei A, Noshadi I (2013) Transesterifcation of waste cooking oil by heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyst: optimization and kinetic model. Appl Energy 102:283–292

102. Tang ZE, Lim S, Pang YL, Ong HC, Lee KT (2018) Synthesis of biomass as heterogeneous catalyst for application in biodiesel production: state of the art and fundamental review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 92:235–253

103. Ullah Z, Khan AS, Muhammad N, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Shah SN, Ghanem OB, Bustam MA, Man Z (2018) A review on ionic liquids as perspective catalysts in transesterifcation of diferent feedstock oil into biodiesel. J Mol Liq 266:673–686

104. U.S. Energy Information Administration (2015) Annual energy outlook 2015: Ofce of integrated and international energy analysis 1:1–244. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/0383(2015).pdf

105. Van Gerpen J, Shanks B, Pruszko, Clements D, Knothe G (2004) Biodiesel production technology August 2002-January 2004. NREL/SR-510-36244

106. Verma P, Sharma MP (2016) Review of process parameters for biodiesel production from diferent feedstocks. Renew Sust Energ Rev 62:1063–1071

107. Verma P, Dwivedi G, Sharma MP (2016a) Comprehensive analysis on potential factors of ethanol in Karanja biodiesel production and its kinetic studies. Fuel 188:586–594

108. Verma P, Sharma MP, Dwivedi G (2016b) Prospects of bio-based alcohols for karanja biodiesel production: an optimisation study by response surface methodology. Fuel 183:185–194

109. Vicente G, Martínez M, Aracil J (2004) Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of diferent homogeneous catalysts systems. Bioresour Technol 92(3):297–305

110. Xia C, Zhang J, Zhang W, Hu B (2011) A new cultivation method formicrobial oil production: cell pelletization and lipid accumulation by Mucor circinelloides. Biotechnol Biofuels 4:15

111. Yaakob Z, Mohammad M, Alherbawi M, Alam Z, Sopian K (2013) Overview of the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Renew Sust Energ Rev 18:184–193

112. Yang S, Liu Z (2014) Pilot-scale biodegradation of swine manure via Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) for biodiesel production. Appl Energy 113:385–391

113. Yang S, Li Q, Gao Y, Zheng L, Liu Z (2014) Biodiesel production from swine manure via house fy larvae (Musca domestica L.). Renew Energy 66:222–227

114. Yusuf NNAN, Kamarudin SK, Yaakub Z (2011) Overview on the current trends in biodiesel production. Energy Convers Manag 52(7):2741–2751

115. Zabeti M, Wan Daud WMA, Aroua MK (2009) Activity of solid catalysts for biodiesel production: a review. Fuel Process Technol 90(6):770–777

116. Zhang J, Chen S, Yang R, Yan Y (2010) Biodiesel production from vegetable oil using heterogenous acid and alkali catalyst. Fuel 89(10):2939–2944

117. Zheng L, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu Z (2012) Double the biodiesel yield: rearing black soldier fy larvae, Hermetia illucens, on solid residual fraction of restaurant waste after grease extraction for biodiesel production. Renew Energy 41:75–79

118. Zheng L, Hou Y, Li W, Yang S, Li Q, Yu Z (2013) Exploring the potential of grease from yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) as a novel biodiesel feedstock. Appl Energy 101:618–621

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.