1 Karin M and Clevers H, Reparative inflammation takes charge of tissue regeneration, Nature, 2016, 529(7586), 307–315.

2 Medzhitov R, Origin and physiological roles of inflammation, Nature, 2008, 454(7203), 428–435.

3 Fürst R and Zündorf I, Plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds: Hopes and disappointments regarding the translation of preclinical knowledge into clinical progress, Mediat Inflamm, 2014, 2014, 1-9.

4 The Plant List, Aquilaria, http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=aquilaria (accessed on 29 December 2018).

5 Kalra R and Kaushik N, A review of chemistry, quality and analysis of infected agarwood tree (Aquilaria sp.). Phytochem Rev, 2017, 16(5), 1045–1079.

6 Wang S, Yu Z, Wang C, Wu C, Guo P, et al., Chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of agarwood and aquilaria plants, Molecules, 2018, 23(2), 342-363.

7 Hashim Y Z, Kerr P G, Abbas P and Salleh H M, Aquilaria spp. (agarwood) as source of health beneficial compounds?: A review of traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology, J Ethnopharmacol, 2016, 189, 331–360.

8 Ibrahim A H, Al-Rawi S S, Majid A A, Rahman N A, AboSalah K M, et al., Separation and fractionation of Aquilaria Malaccensis oil using supercritical fluid extraction and the cytotoxic properties of the extracted oil, Procedia Food Sci, 2011, 1, 1953–1959.

9 Hashim Y Z, Phirdaous A and Azura A, Screening of anticancer activity from agarwood essential oil, Pharmacogn Res, 2014, 6(3), 191–194.

10 Dahham S S, Tabana Y M, Hassan A L E, Ahamed M B K, Majid A S A, et al., In vitro antimetastatic activity of Agarwood (Aquilariacrassna) essential oils against pancreatic cancer cells, Alexandria J Med, 2019, 52(2), 141–150. 

11 Pranakhon R, Pannangpetch P and Aromdee C, Antihyperglycemic activity of agarwood leaf extracts in STZ-induced diabetic rats and glucose uptake enhancement activity in rat adipocytes, Songklanakarin J Sci Technol, 2011, 33(4), 405–410.

12 Zulkiflie N L, Mhd Omar N A, Tajuddin S N and Shaari M R, Antidiabetic activities of Malaysian agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) leaves extract, in Conference on Industry-Academia Joint Initiatives in Biotechnology, 2013, 5–7.

13 Dash M, Patra J K and Panda P P, Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of extracts of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., African J Biotechnol, 2008, 7(20), 3531–3534.

14 Kamonwannasit S, Nantapong N, Kumkrai P, Luecha P, Kupittayanant S, et al., Antibacterial activity of Aquilaria crassna leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis by disruption of cell wall, Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob., 2013, 12(1), 1–7.

15 Jermsri P and Kumphune S, Ethylacetate extract of Aquilaria crassna preserve actin cytoskeleton on simulated ischemia induced cardiac cell death, J Med Plants Res, 2012, 6(23), 4057–4062.

16 Tay P Y, Tan C P, Abas F, Yim H S and Ho C W, Assessment of extraction parameters on antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Epicatechin gallate (ECG) and Iriflophenone 3-Cβ-Glucoside of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) young leaves, Molecules, 2014, 19, 12304–12319.

17 Ray G, Leelamanit W, Sithisarn P and Jiratchariyakul W, Antioxidative compounds from Aquilaria crassna leaf, Mahidol Univ J Pharm Sci, 2014, 41(4), 54–58.

18 Sattayasai J, Bantadkit J, Aromdee C, Lattmann E and Airarat W, Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-oxidative activities of Aquilaria crassna leaves extract in rodents, J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2012, 3(4), 175-179.

19 Zhou M, Wang H, Kou J and Yu B, Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)gilg. leaves extract, J Ethnopharmacol, 2008, 117, 345–350.

20 Gerin F, Sener U, Erman H, Yilmaz A, Aydin B, et al., The Effects of quercetin on acute lung injury and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the rat model of sepsis, Inflammation, 2016, 39(2), 700–705.

21 Wang S L, Hwang T L, Chung M I, Sung P J, Shu C W, et al., New flavones, a 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivative, and anti-inflammatory constituents from the stem barks of Aquilaria sinensis, Molecules, 2015, 20(11), 20912–20925.

22 Tsai Y C, Chen S H, Lin L C and Fu S L, Antiinflammatory principles from Sarcandraglabra, J Agric Food Chem, 2017, 65(31), 6497–6505.

23 Yuan G, Wahlqvist M L, He G, Yang M and Li D, Natural products and anti-inflammatory activity, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2006, 15(2), 143–152.

24 Yang L L, Wang G Q, Yang L M, Huang Z B, Zhang W Q, et al., Endotoxin molecule lipopolysaccharide-induced zebrafish inflammation model: A novel screening method for anti-inflammatory drugs, Molecules, 2014, 19(2), 2390–2409.

25 Adam A Z, Lee S Y and Mohamed R, Pharmacological properties of agarwood tea derived from Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) leaves: An emerging contemporary herbal drink, J Herb Med, 2017, 10, 37–44. 

26 Qi J, Lu J-J, Liu J-H and Yu B-Y, Flavonoid and a rare benzophenone glycoside from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis, Chem Pharm Bull, 2009, 57(2), 134–137.

27 Yang X B, Feng J, Yang X W, Zhao B and Liu J X, Aquisiflavoside, a new nitric oxide production inhibitor from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis, J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2012, 14(9), 867–872.

28 Chen D, Xu Z, Chai X, Zeng K, Jia Y, et al., Nine 2-(2- phenylethyl) chromone derivatives from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis and their inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, European J Org Chem, 2012, 2012(27), 5389–5397.

29 Liu Y Y, Chen D L, Wei J H, Feng J, Zhang Z, et al., Four new 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromone derivatives from chinese agarwood produced via the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique, Molecules, 2016, 21(11), 1433-1440.

30 Zhao H, Peng Q, Han Z, Yang L and Wang Z, Three new sesquiterpenoids and one new sesquiterpenoid derivative from Chinese eaglewood, Molecules, 2016, 21(3), 5–12.

31 Huo H X, Gu Y F, Sun H, Zhang Y F, Liu W J, et al., Antiinflammatory 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone derivatives from Chinese agarwood, Fitoterapia, 2017, 118(2016), 49–55.

32 Huo H X, Zhu Z X, Song Y L, Shi S P, Sun J, et al., Antiinflammatory dimeric 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromones from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, J Nat Prod, 2017, 81(3), 543–553.

33 Wang S L, Tsai Y C, Fu S L, Cheng M J, Chung M I, et al., 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis with anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced macrophages, Molecules, 2018, 23(2), 1–12.

34 Huo H X, Gu Y F, Zhu Z X, Zhang Y F, Chen X N, et al., LC-MS-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory 2-(2- phenylethyl) chromone dimers from Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis), Phytochem, 2019, 158, 46–55.

35 Yuan H, Zhao J, Wang M, Khan S I, Zhai C, et al., Benzophenone glycosides from the flower buds of Aquilaria sinensis, Fitoterapia, 2017, 121, 170–174.

36 Chen J J, Cheng T P, Hung L C, Liu K L, Fu S L, et al., Studies on the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities from Aquilaria sinensis, Planta Med, 2014, 80(16), P2O70.

37 Afiffudden S K N, Alwi H and Hamid K H K, Determination of 4’-hydroxyacetanilide in leaves extract of Aquilaria malaccencis by high pressure liquid chromatograph, Procedia - Soc Behav Sci, 2015, 195(2015), 2726–2733.

38 Eissa M, Hashim Y Z H and Zainurin N A A, Aquilaria malaccensis leaf as an alternative source of antiinflammatory compounds, Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol, 2018, 8(4), 1625–1632.

39 Wagh V D, Korinek M, Lo I W, Hsu Y M, Chen S L, et al., Inflammation modulatory phorbol esters from the seeds of Aquilaria malaccensis, J Nat Prod, 2017, 80(5), 1421–1427.

40 Chitre T, Bhutada P, Nandakumar K, Somani R, Miniyar P, et al., Analgesic and anti-Inflammatory activity of heartwood of Aquilaria agallocha in laboratory animals, Pharmacol Online, 2007, 1, 288–298.

41 Rahman H, Vakati K and Eswaraiah M C, In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Aquilaria agallocha oil, Int J Basic Med Sci Pharm, 2012, 2(1), 7–10. 

42 Yadav D K, Mudgal V, Agrawal J, Maurya A K, Bawankule D U, et al., Molecular docking and ADME studies of natural compounds of agarwood oil for topical antiInflammatory activity, Curr Comput-Aid Drug Des, 2013, 9(3), 360–370.

43 Rahman H, Eswaraiah M C and Dutta A M, Anti-arthritic activity of leaves and oil of Aquilaria agallocha, Saudi J Life Sci, 2016, 1(1), 34–43.

44 Kumphune S, Prompunt E, Phaebuaw K, Sriudwong P, Pankla R, et al., Anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Aquilaria crassna inhibits LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by attenuating P38 MAPK activation, Int J Green Pharm, 2011, 5(1), 43-48.

45 Dahham S S, Tabana Y M, Ahamed M B K and Majid A M S A, In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of β-caryophyllene, evaluated by molecular imaging, Mol Med Chem, 2015, 1,1–6.

46 Aparna V, Dileep K V., Mandal P K, Karthe P, Sadasivan C, et al., Anti-Inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: Structural evidence and kinetic assessment, Chem Biol Drug Des, 2012, 80(3), 434–439.

47 Khalil A S, Rahim A A, Taha K K and Abdallah K B, Characterization of methanolic extracts of agarwood leaves, J Appl Ind Sci, 2013, 1(3), 78–88.

48 Bhuiyan N I, Begum J and Bhuiyan N H, Analysis of essential oil of eaglewood tree (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Bangladesh J Pharmacol, 2009, 4(1), 24–28.

49 Chen H, Yang Y, Xue J, Wei J, Zhang Z, et al., Comparison of compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from chemically stimulated agarwood, wild agarwood and healthy Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg trees, Molecules, 2011, 16(6), 4884–4896.

50 Pornpunyapat J, Chetpattananondh P and Tongurai C, Mathematical modeling for extraction of essential oil from Aquilaria Crassna by hydrodistillation and quality of agarwood oil, Bangladesh J Pharmacol, 2011, 6(1), 18–24.

51 Silva R O, Sousa F B, Damasceno S R, Carvalho N S, Silva V G, et al., Phytol, a diterpene alcohol, inhibits the inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress, Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2014, 28(4), 455–464.

52 Adam A Z, Tajuddin S N, Sudmoon R, Chaveerach A, Abdullah U H, et al., Chemical constituents and toxicity effects of leaves from several agarwood tree species (Aquilaria), J Trop For Sci, 2018, 30(3), 342–353.

53 Liyana N, Amalina N, Adila N, Omar M and Rosly M, Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract in sprague-dawley rats, Chem Adv Mater, 2018, 3(1), 8–15.

54 Ghan S Y, Chin J H, Thoo Y Y, Yim H S and Ho C W, Acute oral toxicity study of Aquilaria crassna and α-tocopherol in mice, Int J Pharm Sci Res, 2016, 7(4), 1456–1461.

55 Alam J, Mujahid M, Badruddeen, Jahan Y, Bagga P, et al., Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Aquilaria agallocha leaves against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in SD rats, J Tradit Complement Med, 2017, 7(1), 9–13.