UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Main Author :Roswan Ismail
Title :Performance analysis of reactive routing protocol based on less-flooding AODV and route stability aware in mobile ad-hoc networks
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif
Year of Publication :2019
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
The objective of this study is to propose a practical solution to help improve the performance of the routing discovery process in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). The study involved the development of two new routing protocols, namely Less-Flooding Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (LF-AODV) and Route Stability Aware (RSA) protocols, with the aim of reducing the number of transmitted route request (RREQ) packets and link failures during the route discovery cycle. Accordingly, a series of simulations carried out with the NS-2 simulator to examine the performance of such new protocols for 100 mobile nodes in an area measuring 600 meters x 600 meters. The performance criteria were based on routing overhead (the total number of packets transmitted by a source node during the route discovery process), average end-to-end delay (the average time taken by a packet to arrive at a destination node from a source node), and network lifetime (time taken until all nodes in a network die due to battery exhaustion). The simulation results showed that the RSA protocol managed to reduce the total overheads by 14% and 11%, and delays by 29% and 21% with respect to the AODV and LF-AODV protocols, respectively. Furthermore, the RSA protocol was able to increase the network lifetime by 12% and 8% compared to those of the AODV and LF-AODV protocols, respectively. Such findings suggest that the RSA protocol can help improve the performance of MANETs by making such networks more stable and reliable. Clearly, such research findings will have a profound implication on the current practice of practitioners in the network industry, notably service providers and mobile network operators, who can use the RSA protocol to improve the quality of their products or services. With the use of more efficient, stable MANETs, end users will be able to use mobile applications anywhere, anytime more reliably, resulting in higher user satisfaction that benefits all concerned.

References

Abolhasan, M., Wysocki, T., & Dutkiewicz, E. (2004). A review of routing protocols

for mobile ad hoc networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 2(1), 1– 22.

 

Abushiba,  W.,  &  Johnson,  P.  (2015).  Performance  comparison  of  reactive  routing protocols  

for  Ad  Hoc  network.  In  2015  4th  International  Conference  on  e- Technologies and Networks 

for Development (ICeND) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

 

Ade,  S.  A.,  &  Tijare,  P.  A.  (2010).  Performance  Comparison  of  AODV,  DSDV, OLSR and DSR 

Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.  International Journal of Information Technology and 

Knowledge Management, 2(2), 545–548.

 

Adoni, K. A., & Joshi, R. D. (2012). Optimization of energy consumption for OLSR routing  protocol  

in  MANET.   International  Journal  of   Wireless   &  Mobile Networks (IJWMN), 4(1), 251–262.

 

Alash,  H.  M.  A.  (2016).  Impact  Of  Mobility  Models  On  Routing  Protocols  For Various 

Traffic Classes In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University.

 

Alslaim,  M.  N.,  Alaqel,  H.  A.,  &  Zaghloul,  S.  S.  (2014).  A  comparative  study  of MANET 

  routing   protocols.   In   The   3rd   International   Conference   on   e- Technologies   and   

Networks   for   Development   (ICeND2014)   (pp.   178–182). IEEE.

 

Araghi,  T.  K.,  Zamani,  M.,  &  Mnaf,  A.  B.  A.  (2013).  Performance  Analysis  in Reactive  

Routing Protocols  in  Wireless  Mobile  Ad  Hoc Networks  using  DSR, AODV  and  AOMDV.  In  2013  

International  Conference  on  Informatics  and Creative Multimedia (ICICM) (pp. 81-84). IEEE.

 

Ahuja,  R.  (2010).  Simulation  Based  Performance  Evaluation  and  Comparison  of Reactive, 

Proactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols Based on Random Waypoint Mobility Model. International 

Journal of Computer Applications, 7(11).

 

Azzuhri, S. R., Noor, M., Badri, M. N., Jamaludin, J., Ahmedy,  I., & Md Noor, R. (2018).  Towards  

a  better  approach  for  link  breaks  detection  and  route  repairs strategy in AODV protocol.  

Wireless Communications and Mobile  Computing, 2018.

 

Back, T. (2005). P2P Information Sharing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. Seminar on Internetworking, 

Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), 1–6.

 

Bagwari, A., Jee, R., Joshi, P., &  Bisht, S. (2012). Performance of AODV Routing

Protocol with Increasing the MANET Nodes and Its Effects on QoS of Mobile

Ad Hoc Networks. In 2012 International Conference on Communication Systems

and Network Technologies (pp. 320–324). Rajkot, India: IEEE.

 

Barati, M., Atefi, K., Khosravi, F., & Daftari, Y. A. (2012). Performance Evaluation of Energy 

Consumption for AODV and DSR Routing Protocols in MANET. In 2012  International  Conference  on  

Computer  &  Information  Science  (ICCIS) (Vol. 2, pp. 636-642). IEEE.

 

Basurra, S. S., De Vos, M., Padget, J., Ji, Y., Lewis, T., & Armour, S. (2015). Energy efficient 

zone based routing protocol for MANETs. International Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 25, 16–37.

 

Batabyal, S., & Bhaumik, P. (2015). Mobility models, traces and impact of mobility on opportunistic 

routing algorithms: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(3), 1679-1707.

 

Belding-Royer, E. M., & Perkins, C. E. (2003). Evolution and future directions of the ad hoc 

on-demand distance-vector routing protocol. International Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 1(1), 

125–150.

 

Bhatia, D., & Sharma, D. P. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid 

Routing Protocols over open Source Network Simulator in  Mobile Ad Hoc Network. International 

Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(6), 3885–3896.

 

Biradar,  S.  R.,  Sarma,  H.  H.  D.,  Sharma,  K.,  Sarkar,  S.  K.,  &  C.,  P.  (2009). 

Performance  Comparison  of  Reactive  Routing  Protocols  of  MANETs  Using Group Mobility Model. 

In 2009 International Conference on Signal Processing Systems (pp. 192–195). IEEE.

 

Bouhorma, M., Bentaouit, H., & Boudhir, A. (2009). Performance comparison of ad- hoc  routing  

protocols  AODV  and  DSR.  In  2009  International  Conference  on Multimedia Computing and 

Systems (pp. 511–514). Ouarzazate, Morocco: IEEE.

 

Boukerche,  A.  (2004).  Performance  Evaluation  of  Routing  Protocols  for  Ad  Hoc Wireless 

Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 9(4), 333–342.

 

Boukerche, A., Turgut, B., Aydin, N., Ahmad, M. Z., Bölöni, L., & Turgut, D. (2011). Routing 

protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 55, 3032– 3080.

 

Chakeres,   I.   D.,   &   Belding-Royer,   E.   M.   (2004).   AODV   Routing   Protocol 

Implementation    Design.    In    Distributed    Computing    Systems    Workshops Proceedings 

(pp. 698-703). IEEE.

 

Chlamtac,  I.,  Conti,  M.,  &  Liu,  J.  J.-N.  (2003).  Mobile  Ad  hoc  Networking: Imperatives  

and  Challenges.  International  Journal  of  Ad  Hoc  Networks,  1(1), 13–64.

Das,  M.,  Panda,  B.  K.,  &  Sahu,  B.  (2012).  Analysis  of  effect  of  mobility  on

performance  of  AODV  in  Mobile  Ad  hoc  Network.  In  2012  International

Conference    on    Computer    Communication    and    Informatics    (pp.    1–4). Coimbatore, 

India: IEEE.

 

Das, P. (2013). Comparison of AODV and R-AODV Routing Protocols  by varying Network Mobility, 

Network Area and Network Density. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced 

Engineering, 3(8), 472–477.

 

Dehghan, M., & Darehshoorzadeh, A. (2011). GloMoSim Global Mobile Information System        

Simulator.        Retrieved        February        13,        2018,        from 

http://people.ac.upc.edu/amir/index_files/Glomosim.pdf

 

Dhar,  S.  (2005).  MANET:  Applications,  Issues,  and  Challenges  for  the  Future. 

International   Journal   of   Business   Data   Communications   and   Networking (IJBDCN), 1(2), 

66-92.

 

Dipobagio,  M.  (2009).  An  Overview  on  Ad  Hoc  Networks.  Institute  of  Computer Science 

(ICS), Freie Universitat Berlin.

 

Dwivedi,  P.,  &  Gupta,  S.  (2016).  A  Survey  on  Route  Maintenance  and  Attacks  in AODV   

Routing   Protocol.   International   Journal   of   Computer   Applications Germany, 133(9), 

23-24.

 

Fadaly,  H.  El,  Ramadan,  R.,  &  Talkhan,  I.  (2014).  Residual  Energy Considerations for  

AODV  Enhancement.  In  2014  5th  International  Conference  on  Intelligent Systems, Modelling 

and Simulation (pp. 608–614). Langkawi, Malaysia: IEEE.

 

Garrido,  P.  P.,  Malumbres,  M.  P.,  &  Calafate,  C.  T.  (2008).  ns-2  vs.  OPNET:  a 

comparative study of the IEEE 802.11e technology on MANET environments. In Proceedings  of  the  

1st  International  Conference  on  Simulation  Tools  and Techniques for Communications, Networks 

and Systems & Workshops, 37. ICST (Institute  for  Computer  Sciences,  Social-Informatics  and  

Telecommunications Engineering).

 

Geetha,  M.,  &  Umarani,  R.  (2011).  An  Overview  of  Multi  Point  Relay  AODV  in Mobile Ad 

hoc Network. International Journal of Technology And Engineering System(IJTES), 2(1), 71–76.

 

Gowrishankar, S., Basavaraju, T. G., & Sarkar S. K. (2010). Mobility Based Energy Analysis  of  

Five  Mobility  Models  in  MANET  Using  Five  Routing  Protocols. IJCSNS International Journal of 

Computer Science and Network Security, 10(5), 64–72.

 

Hamad, S., Noureddine,  H., & Al-Raweshidy, H. (2011).  LSEA:  Link Stability and Energy  Aware  

for  efficient  routing  in  Mobile  Ad  Hoc  Network.  In  The  14th International  Symposium  on  

Wireless  Personal  Multimedia  Communications (WPMC) (pp. 1–5). Brest, France: IEEE.

 

Hani, Z.  A., & Baba, M. D. (2003). Designing routing protocols for mobile ad hoc

network.  In  4th  National  Conference  of  Telecommunication  Technology,  2003.

NCTT 2003 Proceedings. (pp. 148–150). Shah Alam, Malaysia: IEEE.

 

Helen,  D.,  &  Arivazhagan,  D.  (2014).  Applications,  Advantages  and  Challenges  of Ad Hoc 

Networks.  Journal of Academia and Industrial Research  (JAIR), 2(8), 453–457.

 

Hoebeke,  J.,  Moerman,  I.,  Dhoedt,  B.,  &  Demeester,  P.  (2004).  An  Overview  of Mobile Ad 

Hoc Networks: Applications and Challenges. An overview of mobile ad    hoc    networks:    

applications    and    challenges.    Journal-Communications Network, 3(3), 60-66.

 

Hogie,  L.  (2017).  Mobile  Ad  Hoc Networks: Modelling,  Simulation  and Broadcast- based  

Applications  (Doctoral  Dissertation,  Université  du  Luxembourg,  Faculté des Sciences, de la 

Technologie et de la Communication [FSTC]; Université du Havre). Retrieved from 

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01589632

 

Hogie, L., Bouvry, P., & Guinand, F. (2006). An Overview of MANETs Simulation.

Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 150(1), 81–101.

 

Hrituparna  Paul,  &  Priyanka  Sarkar.  (2013).  A  Study  and  Comparison  of  OLSR, AODV and Zrp 

Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks. International Journal of Research in Engineering and 

Technology (IJRET), 2(8), 370–374.

 

Ismail,  R.,  Zulkifli,   C.  Z.,  &  Samsudin,  K.  (2017).  Reducing  Broadcasting  Route Request 

Packet through LF-AODV. Journal of ICT in Education, 4(1), 100–117. Retrieved from 

https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/article/2018AR001724

 

Ismail, R., Zulkifli, C. Z., & Samsudin, K. (2016). Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad- Hoc Network: A 

Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Jurnal Teknologi, 78(8), 1– 10.

 

Ismail,  R.,  Zulkifli,  C.  Z.,  Samsudin,  K.,  &  Jaffer,  S.  S.  (2016).  Route  Discovery 

Cycle   in   Ad   hoc   On-demand   Distance   Vector   (AODV):   A   Review.   In International 

Conference on ICT in Education, Proceedings (pp. 59–66).

 

Ismail, Z., & Hassan, R. (2010). Performance of AODV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. In 

2010 International Symposium on Information Technology (pp. 1–5). Kuala Lumpur, Malays: IEEE.

 

Issariyakul, T., & Hossain, E. (2012). Introduction to Network Simulator 2 (NS2). In

Itroduction to Network Simulator NS2, 21-40. Springer, Boston, MA.

 

Jacob, J., & Seethalakshmi, V. (2012). Efficiency Enhancement of Routing Protocol in Manet. 

International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 3(2), 2231–1963.

Jardosh, A. P., Belding-Royer, E. M., Almeroth, K. C., & Suri, S. (2005). Real-world environment 

models for mobile network evaluation.

 

Jasani,  H.  (2012).  Evaluations  of  AODV  and  DSR  for  QOS  Requirements.  In

Proceedings   of   the   1st   Annual   Conference   on   Research   in   Information

Technology (pp. 1–6). New York, NY, USA: ACM.

 

Jayakumar, G., & Gopinath, G. (2007). Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks Routing

Protocols – A Review. Journal of Computer Science, 3(8), 574–582.

 

Jhaveri,  R.  H.,  & Patel,  N.  M.  (2015).  Mobile  Ad-hoc  Networking with  AODV:  A Review. 

International Journal of Next-Generation Computing, 6(3).

 

Jayakody, J. A., Samarasinghe, R., & Kodituwakku, S. R. (2013). Routing Protocols In   Wireless   

Mobile   Ad-Hoc   Network   -   A   Review.   In   SAITM   Research Symposium on Engineering 

Advancements (pp. 84–89).

 

Jetcheva,  J.  G.,  &  Johnson,  D.  B.  (2006).  Routing  Characteristics  of  Ad  Hoc Networks  

with  Unidirectional  Links.  International  Journal  of  Ad  Hoc  Netw., 4(3), 303–325.

 

Jie,  T.,  Yu,  W.,  &  Jianxing,  L.  (2012).  Protocols,  Researching  on  AODV  and  PS- AODV   

Routing   Media,   of   Ad   Hoc   Network   for   Streaming.   In   The   2nd International  

Conference  on  Computer  Application  and  System  Modeling  (pp. 181–184).

 

Jin-Man  Kim,  &  Jong-Wook  Jang.  (2006).  AODV  based  Energy  Efficient  Routing Protocol   for 

  Maximum   Lifetime   in   MANET.   In   Advanced   International Conference  on  

Telecommunications  and  International  Conference  on  Internet and  Web  Applications  and  

Services  (AICT-ICIW’06)  (pp.  77–77).  Guadelope, French Ca: IEEE.

 

Jones,  C.  E.,  Sivalingam,  K.  M.,  Agrawal,  P.,  &  Chen,  J.  C.  (2001).  A  Survey  of 

Energy   Efficient   Network   Protocols   for   Wireless   Networks.   International Journal of 

Wireless Networks, 7(4), 343–358.

 

Kang,  B.  S.,  Kim,  H.  S.,  &  Ko,  I.  Y.  (2009).  AODV-RIP:  Improved  Security  in Mobile Ad 

Hoc Networks through Route Investigation Procedure. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and 

Experience, 22(7), 816-830.

 

Kant,  L.,  &  Chadha,   R.  (2008).  MANET  management:  Industry  challenges  & potential  

solutions.  In  2008  International  Symposium  on  a  World  of  Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia 

Networks (pp. 1–8). IEEE.

 

Katiyar, S., Gujral, R., & Mallick, B. (2015). Comparative Performance Analysis of MANET   Routing  

 Protocols   in   Military   Operation   using   NS2.   In   2015 International   Conference   on   

Green   Computing   and   Internet   of   Things (ICGCIoT), (pp. 603-609). IEEE.

 

Kaur, D., & Kumar, N. (2013). Comparative Analysis of AODV, OLSR, TORA, DSR and   DSDV   Routing   

Protocols   in   Mobile   Ad-Hoc   Networks.   International Journal Computer Network and 

Information Security, 3, 39–46.

 

Ket,  N.,   &  Hippargi,   S.  (2016).  Modified  AODV  Energy  Aware   Routing  for

optimized   performance   in   mobile   ad-hoc   networks.   In   2016   International

Conference  on  Wireless  Communications,  Signal  Processing  and  Networking

(WiSPNET) (pp. 1030–1034). Chennai, India: IEEE.

 

Khamayseh,  Y.,  Obiedat,  G.,  &  Yassin,  M.  B.  (2011).  Mobility  and  Load  aware Routing  

protocol  for  ad  hoc  networks.  Journal  of  King  Saud  University  - Computer and Information 

Sciences, 23(2), 105–113.

 

Khan, A. R., Bilal, S. M., & Othman, M. (2012). A performance comparison of open source  network  

simulators  for  wireless  networks.  In  2012  IEEE  International Conference on Control System, 

Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), (pp. 34- 38).

 

Khan, J., & Hayder, S. I. (2010). A Comprehensive Performance Comparison of On- Demand Routing 

Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks. International Journal of Communication and Networking (pp. 

354–369). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

 

Khan,  R.,  Azad  S.,  A.  M.  N.,  &  Vishwakarma,  A.  (2014).  Enhancement  of  manet routing   

protocol.   In   2014   Conference   on   IT   in   Business,   Industry   and Government (CSIBIG) 

(pp. 1–6). IEEE.

 

Khan, S. M., Khan, M. M., & Khan, N. A. (2017). Route constancy and energy aware routing  protocol  

for  MANET.  International  Journal  of  Computer  Science  and Network Security, 17(5), 56-64.

 

Khiavi,  M.  V.,  Jamali,  S.,  &  Gudakahriz,  S.  J.  (2012).  Performance  comparison  of AODV,  

DSDV,  DSR  and  TORA  routing  protocols  in  MANETs.  International Research Journal of Applied 

and Basic Sciences, 3(7), 1429-1436.

 

Kim, C., Talipov, E., & Ahn, B. (2006). A Reverse AODV Routing Protocol in Ad Hoc Mobile Networks. 

In X. Zhou, O. Sokolsky, L. Yan, E.-S. Jung, Z. Shao, Y. Mu,  …  C.-Z.  Xu  (Eds.),  Emerging  

Directions  in  Embedded  and  Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 522–531). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 

Berlin Heidelberg.

 

Kioumourtzis,  G.,  Bouras,  C.,  & Gkamas,  A.  (2012).  Performance  evaluation  of  ad hoc  

routing  protocols  for  military  communications.  International  Journal  of Network Management, 

22(3), 216–234.

 

Kum, D.-W., Park, J.-S., Cho, Y.-Z., & Cheon, B.-Y. (2010). Performance Evaluation of  AODV  and  

DYMO  Routing  Protocols  in  MANET.  In  2010  7th  IEEE Consumer  Communications  and  Networking 

 Conference  (pp.  1–2).  Las  Vegas, NV, USA: IEEE.

 

Kumar, M., Ram, Y., Khola, K., & Dembla, D.  (2012). Modeling, Analysis & Implementation    of  

  Improved    AODV    Routing    Protocol    in    MANETs. International Journal of Computer 

Applications, 41(21), 37–42.

 

Kuppusamy,  P.,  Thirunavukkarasu,   K.,  &  Kalaavathi,  B.   (2011).  A   study  and Comparison   

of   OLSR,   AODV   and   TORA   Routing   Protocols   in   Ad   hoc

Networks.  In  2011  3rd  International  Conference  on  Electronics  Computer

Technology (pp. 143–147). IEEE.

 

Lalar, S., & Yadav, A. (2017). Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in MANET.

Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology (OJCST), 10, 174.

 

Latiff,  L.  A.,  &  Fisal,  N.  (2003).  Routing  Protocols  in  Wireless  Mobile  Ad  hoc Network 

 -  A  Review.  In  9th  Asia-Pacific  Conference  on  Communications,  in conjunction  with  6th  

Malaysia  International  Conference  on  Communications, MICC 2003, Proceedings (pp. 600–604). 

Penang, Malaysia: IEEE.

 

Layuan,   L.,   Chunlin,   L.,   &   Peiyan,   Y.   (2007).   Performance   Evaluation   and 

Simulations  of  Routing  Protocols  in  Ad  hoc  Networks.  Journal  Computer Communications, 

30(8), 1890–1898.

 

Li, H., Pan, L., & Fan, R. (2012). Simulation Research on DSDV and AODV Protocol in  Tactical  Unit 

 Network.  In  AsiaSim  2012  (pp.  27–36).  Springer,  Berlin, Heidelberg.

 

Li,  J.,  Pan,  Y.,  &  Xiao,  Y.  (2005).  Performance  Study of  Multiple  Route  Dynamic Source 

Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 65(2), 

169–177.

 

Lien,  Y.-N.,  Jang,  H.-C.,  &  Tsai,  T.-C.  (2009).  A  MANET  Based  Emergency Communication  

and  Information  System  for Catastrophic  Natural  Disasters.  In 2009  29th  IEEE  International 

 Conference  on  Distributed  Computing  Systems Workshops (pp. 412–417). IEEE.

 

Lindgren, A., & Schel´en, O. (2002). Infrastructured ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 

International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW’02) (pp. 1–7).

 

Makkar, A., Bhushan, B., Shelja, & Taneja, S. (2011). Behavioral Study of MANET Routing  Protocols. 

 In  International  Journal  of  Innovation,  Management  and Technology, 2(3), 210-216.

 

Maleh, Y., & Ezzati, A. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols AODV DSDV  and  DSR  in  

MANET.  International  Journal  of  Computer  Science  and Mobile Computing, 3(3), 379–385.

 

Malek, A. G., Li, C., Layuan, L., & Bo, W. (2010). New energy model: Prolonging the lifetime of 

ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocols (AODV). In 2010  2nd  International  Conference  

on  Future  Computer  and  Communication (pp. 426-429).

 

Malik, M. H., Awais, Q., Jamil, M., & Dhyani,  A. (2014). Performance  analysis of proactive  and  

reactive  protocols  in  mobile  Ad-hoc  networking:  A  simulation based  analysis.  In  2014  

International  Conference  on  Robotics  and  Emerging Allied   Technologies   in   Engineering   

(iCREATE)   (pp.   25–31).   Islamabad,

Pakistan: IEEE.

 

Mangla,  P., Gujral,  R.,  & Singh, M. (2015). Performance Analysis of Reactive  and

Hybrid   Routing   Protocols   in   Ad   Hoc   Networks.   International   Journal   of Computer 

Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT), 6(5), 4501–4506.

 

Mani,  U.,  Ramasamy,  C.,  &  Dhulipala,  V.  R.  S.  (2013).  Study  and  Analysis  of Routing 

Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. In Journal of Computer Science, 9(11), 1519–1525.

 

Manickam, P., Baskar, T. G., Girija, M., & Manimegalai, D. D. (2011). Performance Comparisons  of  

Routing  Protocols  in  Mobile  Ad  Hoc  Networks.  International Journal of Wireless & Mobile 

Networks (IJWMN), 3(1), 98–106.

 

Maqbool B.,  & Peer, M.  A. (2010). Classification of Current Routing Protocols for Ad  Hoc 

Networks-A  Review.  International  Journal  of Computer  Applications, 7(8), 975–8887.

 

Martis, M. S. (2006). Validation of Simulation Based Models: A Theoretical Outlook.

The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 4(1), 39–46.

 

Maurya,  A.  K.,  Singh,  D.,  Kumar,  A.  (2013).  Performance  Comparison  of  DSR, OLSR   and   

FSR   Routing   Protocols   in   MANET   Using   Random   Waypoint Mobility   Model.    

International    Journal    of    Information    and    Electronics Engineering, 3(5), 440.

 

Mittal,  S.,  &  Kaur,  P.  (2009).  Performance  Comparison  of  AODV,  DSR  and  ZRP Routing 

Protocols in MANET’S. In 2009 International Conference on Advances in  Computing,  Control,  and  

Telecommunication  Technologies  (pp.  165–168). Trivandrum, Kerala, Ind: IEEE.

 

Mohamed,  Z.  E.,  &  Atef,  M.  (2017).  Performance  Evaluation  of  AODV,  DSR  and OLSR  in  

MANET  using  Opnet  Simulator.  International  Journal  of  Computer Applications, 163(11).

 

Mohapatra, S. K., Swain, B. R., Mahapatra, S. K., & Behera, S. K. (2015). Stability and energy 

aware reverse AODV routing protocol in MANETS. In 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent 

Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS) (pp. 526–531). IEEE.

 

Mohapatra, S., & Kanungo, P. (2012). Performance Analysis of AODV, DSR, OLSR and DSDV Routing 

Protocols using NS2 Simulator.  Procedia Engineering, 30, 69-76.

Mostafavi,  M.  A.,  Moghanjoughi,  A.  A.,  &  Mousavi,  H.  (2012).  A  Review  and Performance 

Analysis of Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocols on MANET. Network and Communication 

Technologies, 1(2), 48.

 

Murty,  M.  S.,  &  Das,  M.  V.  (2011).  Performance  Evaluation  of  MANET  Routing Protocols 

using Reference Point Group Mobility and Random Waypoint Models. International  Journal  of  Ad  

hoc,  Sensor  &  Ubiquitous  Computing  (IJASUC),

2(1), 33-43.

 

Musaddiq,  A.,  &  Hashim,  F.  (2015,  April).  Multi-hop  wireless  network  modelling

using  OMNET++  simulator.  In  2015  International  Conference  on  Computer, Communications, and 

Control Technology (I4CT) (pp. 559-564). IEEE.

 

Navidi,  W.,  &  Camp,  T.  (2004).  Stationary  distributions  for  the  random  waypoint mobility 

model. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3(1), 99–108.

 

Nissar, N., Naja, N., & Jamali, A. (2015). A Review and a New Approach to Reduce Routing  Overhead  

in  MANETs.  Journal  of  Wireless  Networks,  21(4),  1119– 1139.

 

Oki,  O.  A.,  Mudali,  P.,  Oladosu,  J.  B.,  &  Adigun,  M.  O.  (2013).  Comparison  of routing 

 protocols  performance  using  wireless  mesh  network  simulation  and testbed. In 2013 

International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology (ICAST) (pp. 1–7). Pretoria, South 

Africa: IEEE.

 

Padwad, H., & Sonekar, S. V. (2014). An Empirical Approach of Optimizing AODV Routing    Protocol   

 for    Route    Discovery    in    Mobile    Ad-Hoc    Network. International   Journal   of   

Computer   Science   and   Information   Technologies (IJCSIT), 5(3), 4259–4264.

 

Panda,  B.  K.,  Swain,  J.,  Mishra,  D.  P.,  &  Sahu,  B.  (2014).  Analysis  of  Effect  of 

Mobility  and  Transmission  Power  on  AODV  and  DSR  in  Mobile  Ad  hoc network.   In   2014   

17th   International   Conference   on   Wireless   and   Optical Communications Networks (WOCN) 

(pp. 1–7). Vijayawada, India: IEEE.

 

Pandey,  A.  K.,  &  Fujinoki,  H.  (2005).  Study  of  MANET  Routing  Protocols  by GloMoSim  

Simulator.  International  Journal  of  Network  Management,  15(6), 393–410.

 

Patel V. P. (2012). Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation for   

Qualitative   and   Quantitative   Analysis   in   Mobile   Ad   Hoc   Network. International 

Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(9), 1–8.

 

Perkins,  C.,  Belding-Royer,  E.,  &  Das,  S.  (2003).  Ad  Hoc  On-Demand  Distance Vector 

(AODV) Routing (No. RFC3516). United States: RFC Editor.

 

Prakash, S., & Saini, J. P. (2010). A review of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Mobile   Ad  

 Hoc   Wireless   Networks.   International   Journal   of   Computer Information Systems, 1(4), 

36–46.

Pullin, A. J., & Pattinson, C. (2008). A Realistic Battlefield Model for the Evaluation of  MANET.  

In  2008  5th  Annual  Conference  on  Wireless  on  Demand  Network Systems and Services (pp. 

81–84). IEEE.

 

Qabajeh, M. M., Abdalla, A. H., Khalifa, O. O., & Qabajeh, L. K. (2015). A Survey on  Scalable  

Multicasting  in  Mobile  Ad  Hoc  Networks.   Wireless  Personal Communications, 80(1), 369–393.

 

Quispe,  L.  E.,  &  Galan,  L.  M.  (2014).  Behavior  of  Ad  Hoc  Routing  Protocols,

Analyzed for Emergency and Rescue Scenarios, on a Real Urban Area. Expert

Systems with Applications, 41(5), 2565–2573.

 

Radwan,  A.   A.  A.,   Mahmoud,  T.  M.,   &  Houssein,  E.  H.   (2011).   Evaluation

comparison  of  some  ad  hoc  networks  routing  protocols.  Egyptian  Informatics Journal, 12(2), 

95–106.

 

Rahman,  M.  A.,  Anwar,  F.,  Naeem,  J.,  &  Abedin,  M.  S.  M.  (2010).  A  simulation Based 

Performance Comparison of Routing Protocol on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (proactive, reactive and 

hybrid). In 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE) (pp. 

1-5). IEEE.

 

Rajabushanam, C., & Kathirvel, A. (2011). Survey of Wireless MANET Application in Battlefield 

Operations. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 2(1).

 

Rajagopalan,  R.,  &  Dahlstrom,  A.  (2012).  Performance  comparison  of  routing protocols  in  

mobile  ad  hoc  networks  in  the  presence  of  faulty  nodes.  In  2012 IEEE International 

Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.

 

Rajankumar,  P.,  Nimisha,  P.,  &  Kamboj,  P.  (2014).  A  comparative  study  and simulation  of 

 AODV  MANET  routing  protocol  in  NS2  &  NS3.  In   2014 International  Conference  on  

Computing  for  Sustainable  Global  Development (INDIACom) (pp. 889–894). New Delhi, India: IEEE.

 

Ray N. K., & Turuk, A. K. (2016). A Hybrid Energy Efficient Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. 

Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, 1–11.

 

Reddy, B. P., Babu, E. S., & Chandra, M. L. R.  (2012). A comprehensive study of Routing protocols 

in Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Research Survey. International Journal  of  Advanced  Information  

Science  and  Technology (IJAIST),  7(7),  77– 83.

 

Reina, D. G., Toral, S. L., Barrero, F., Bessis, N., & Asimakopoulou, E. (2013). The Role of Ad Hoc 

Networks in the Internet of Things: A Case Scenario for Smart Environments. In N. Bessis, F. Xhafa, 

D. Varvarigou, R. Hill, & M. Li (Eds.), Internet   of   Things   and   Inter-cooperative   

Computational   Technologies   for Collective   Intelligence   (pp.   89–113).   Berlin,   

Heidelberg:   Springer   Berlin Heidelberg.

 

Royer, E. M., & Toh. C. K. (1999). A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless 

networks. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(2), 46–55.

 

Saeed, N., Amin, R. U., Malik, A. S., Kasi, M. K., & Kasi, B. (2017). Performance Evaluation of 

AODV, DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols in Unplanned Areas. Technical  Journal,  University  of  

Engineering  and  Technology  (UET)  Taxila, 22(1), 143-150.

 

Sarkar, S. K., Basavaraju, T. G., & Puttamadappa. (2016). Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless

Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications. CRC Press.

 

Sargent, R. G. (2013). Verification and Validation of Simulation Models. Journal of

Simulation, 7(1), 12-24.

 

Sargent,   R.   G.   (2011).   Verification   and   Validation   of   Simulation   Models.   In 

Proceedings  of  the  2011  Winter  Simulation  Conference  (WSC)  (pp.  183–198). Phoenix, AZ, 

USA: IEEE.

 

Sarkar, N. I.,  & Halim, S. A. (2011). A review of simulation of telecommunication networks:     

simulators,     classification,     comparison,     methodologies,     and recommendations.  Cyber  

Journals:  Multidisciplinary  Journals  in  Science  and Technology, Journal of Selected Areas in 

Telecommunications (JSAT), 10-17.

 

Scott,  K.,  &  Bambos,  N.  (1996).  Routing  and  channel  assignment  for  low  power 

transmission in PCS. In  Proceedings of ICUPC - 5th International Conference on Universal Personal 

Communications (Vol. 2, pp. 498–502). Cambridge, MA, USA: IEEE.

 

Senthilkumaran,  T.,  & Sankaranarayanan,  V.  (2013).  Dynamic  congestion  detection and  control 

 routing  in  ad  hoc  networks.  Journal  of  King  Saud  University  - Computer and Information 

Sciences, 25(1), 25–34.

 

Sheikh, R., Chandel, M. S., & Mishra, D. K. (2010). Security Issues in MANET: A Review.    In    

7th    International    Conference    on    Wireless    and    Optical Communications Networks 

(WOCN), (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

 

Shetty, D. (2013). RO-AODV: Route Optimized Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol.

 

Shobha,  K.  R.,  &  Rajanikanth,  K.  (2011).  Enhanced  AODV  Routing  Protocol  for Mobile Adhoc 

Networks. In International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (pp. 

2265-276). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

 

Shu, J., Gao, M., & Sun, L. (2012). A Study of Group Mobility Model in Tactical Ad Hoc   

Networkbased   on   Normal   Cloud   Model.   In   2012   2nd   International Conference  on  

Instrumentation,  Measurement,  Computer,  Communication  and Control (pp. 751–756). Harbin, China: 

IEEE.

 

 

Singh, J., Bhardwaj, M., & Sharma, A. (2015). Experimental Analysis of Distributed Routing 

Algorithms in Ad Hoc Mobile Networks. Procedia Computer Science, 57, 1411–1416.

 

Singh,  P.,  Barkhodia,  E.,  Kaur,  G.,  &  Walia.  (2012).  Evaluation  of  various  Traffic 

loads in MANET with DSR routing protocol through use of OPNET Simulator. International Journal of 

Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS), 3(3), 75–83.

 

Singh, P., & Dhawan, H. (2015). Node Mobility Based Route Selection in AODV for Use    in    

MANETs.    In    2015    International    Conference    on    Computing

Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA) (pp. 83-87). IEEE.

 

Singh, S., Woo, M., & Raghavendra, C. S. (1998). Power-aware Routing in Mobile

Ad  Hoc Networks.  In  Proceedings  of  the  4th  Annual  ACM/IEEE  International Conference  on  

Mobile  Computing  and  Networking  (pp.  181–190).  New  York, NY, USA: ACM.

 

Srinivasan, P., Kamalakkannan, P. (2013). RSEA-AODV: Route Stability and Energy Aware   Routing   

for   Mobile   Ad   Hoc   Networks.   International   Journal   of Computing Communication, 8(6), 

891-900.

 

Su, W., Lee, S.-J., & Gerla, M. (2001). Mobility Prediction and Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless 

Networks. International Journal of Network Management, 11(1), 3–30.

 

Suchdeo, K., & Mishra, D. K. (2010). Comparison of On-Demand Routing Protocols. In   2010   4th   

Asia   International   Conference   on   Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation 

(pp. 556–560). Bornea, Malaysia: IEEE.

 

Thaper, V., Jain, B., & Sahni, V. (2011). Performance Analysis of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols   using  

 Random   Waypoint   Mobility   Model   in   Wireless   Sensor Networks. International Journal on 

Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), 3(8), 3059-3063.

 

Toh,  C.-K.  (2001).  Maximum  battery  life  routing  to  support  ubiquitous  mobile computing in 

wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 39(6), 138–147.

 

Tonguz, O. K., Wisitpongphan, N., Parikh, J. S., Bai, F., Mudalige, P., & Sadekar, V.

K.  (2006).  On  the  Broadcast  Storm  Problem  in Ad  hoc  Wireless  Networks.  In 2006  3rd  

International  Conference  on  Broadband  Communications,  Networks and Systems (pp. 1–11). IEEE.

 

Tseng,  Y.-C.,  Ni,  S.-Y.,  Chen,  Y.-S.,  &  Sheu,  J.-P.  (2002).  The  Broadcast  Storm Problem 

in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Wireless Networks, 8(2/3), 153–167.

 

Vanthana,  S.,  &  Prakash,  V.  S.  J.  (2014).  Comparative  Study  of  Proactive  and Reactive  

AdHoc  Routing  Protocols  Using  Ns2.  In  2014  World  Congress  on Computing  and  Communication 

 Technologies  (pp.  275–279).  Trichirappalli, India: IEEE.

 

Varga,   A.,   &   Hornig,   R.   (2008).   AN   OVERVIEW   OF   THE   OMNeT++

SIMULATION  ENVIRONMENT.  In  Proceedings  of  the  First  International Conference on Simulation 

Tools and Techniques for Communications, Networks and  Systems  &  Workshops  (P.  60).  ICST  

(Institute  for  Computer  Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecomunications Engineering).

 

Xu,  B.,  &  Li,  Y.  (2014).  A  Novel  Link  Stability  and  Energy  Aware  Routing  with 

Tradeoff  Strategy  in  Mobile  Ad  Hoc  Networks.  Journal  of  Communications, 9(9), 706–713.

 

Yassein,  M.  B.,  Khaoua,  M.  O.,  Mackenzie,  L.  M.,  Papanastasiou,  S.,  & Jamal,  A. (2006). 

 Improving  Route  Discovery  in  On-demand  Routing  Protocols  Using

Local   Topology   Information   in   MANETs.   In   Proceedings   of   the   ACM

International   Workshop   on   Performance   Monitoring,   Measurement,   and

Evaluation of Heterogeneous Wireless and Wired Networks (pp. 95–99). Malaga, Spain. ACM.

 

Yongsheng,  F.,  Xinyu,  W.,  &  Shanping,  L.  (2008).  Performance  comparison  and analysis of 

routing strategies in mobile ad hoc networks. In  2008 International Conference  on  Computer  

Science  and  Software  Engineering  (Vol.  3,  pp.  505- 510). IEEE.

 

Yuan, J., Ding, S., & Zhang, D. (2010). An energy-balancing routing protocol based on     AODV.     

In     2010     IEEE     International     Conference     on     Wireless Communications, 

Networking and Information Security (WCNIS) (pp. 588–592). Beijing, China: IEEE.

 

Zarei, M. (2009). Reverse AODV routing protocol extension using learning Automata in ad hoc 

networks. In 2009 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication (pp. 1–5). 

IEEE.

 

Zarei, M., Faez, K., & Nya, J. M. (2008). Modified Reverse AODV routing algorithm using  route  

stability  in  mobile  ad  hoc  networks.  In  2008  IEEE  International Multitopic Conference (pp. 

255–259). Karachi, Pakistan: IEEE.

 

Zeng,  X.,  Bagrodia,  R.,  &  Gerla,  M.  (1998).  GloMoSim:  A  Library  for  Parallel Simulation 

 of  Large-scale  Wireless  Networks.  In  ACM  SIGSIM  Simulation Digest, 28(1),154-161. IEEE.

 

Zhao, Z., Gao, M., Hou, M., & Zhang, N. (2015). Design of Redundant New Ad-Hoc On-Demand  Distance  

Vector  (NAODV) Routing Protocl  Based  on  Congestion and Survival Control. Wireless Personal 

Communications, 85(4), 222657-2668.

 

Zhan,  H.,  &  Zhou,  Y.  (2008).  Comparison  and  analysis  AODV  and  OLSR  routing protocols  

in  ad  hoc  network.  In  4th  International  Conference  on  Wireless Communications, Networking 

and Mobile Computing, 2008 (WiCOM'08) (pp. 1-

4). IEEE.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.