UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The aims of this study were to synthesis and characterize zinc layered hydroxide
intercalated with 4-aminobenzoic acid (ZAB) as a sunscreen formulation. ZAB was successfully
synthesized from 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-AB) and zinc oxide (ZnO) precursor using direct
method. The intercalation of compound was confirmed by using powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD)
pattern with a basal spacing of 23.2 Å at lower 2θ angle. The result was supported by fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum where the signal of carboxyl and amine functional groups were
observed at 1518 and 1174 cm?¹, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and deferential
thermal gravimetric (TGA/DTG) showed that ZAB material was more stable compared to pure
4-AB. Carbon composition in the material acquired from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and
sulphur (CHNS) analysis was 19.2%. This composition is close to theoretical value of 21% of carbon
presence in ZAB. Surface area of ZAB obtained from breuneur, emmet and teller (BET) analysis was
53.80 m²/g much higher compared to 3.38 m²/g of ZnO material which was caused by the modification
of ZnO pore texture transformed into layered intercalation compound. Field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) morphology of ZAB clearly showed that the material was
flake-like shape with different sizes after intercalation process. Kinetics release study of
anion from interlayer of ZAB fitted to pseudo-second order with 0.945 of correlation coefficient
(r²) exhibited the highest accumulated released of 4-AB anion was in pH 5.5 phosphate buffer
solution. Cytotoxicity study demonstrated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were exposed to ZAB
concentration at below 25.0 μg/mL experienced less than 50% of cell viability reduction, indicating
no cytotoxicity effect to HDF cells. In conclusion, ZAB material has been successfully synthesized
and characterized. The implication of this study is to offer non-toxic formulated sunscreen
that potential to improve
pharmaceutical technology and medical care.
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