UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| This research aimed to synthesise iridium(III) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)
ligands and investigate their photophysical properties. Complexes of
chlorobis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)(pyridyltriazole)iridium(III)
(C1), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)(4-methylbenzylpyridyltriazole)iridium(III) ion (C2),
bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)(hexylpyridyltriazole)iridium(III) ion (C3) and
bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)(2,6-difluorobenzylpyridyltriazole)iridium(III) ion (C4) were
synthesised by reaction between dichloro-bridged iridium(III) dimer,
[Ir(2,4-F2ppy)2(μ-Cl)]2 and corresponding triazolium salts. Iridium(III) complexes were
characterised by Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulphur (CHNS) elemental analyser and
spectroscopic techniques: ¹H and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier
Transform-Infrared (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The molecular
structure of C1 was determined by single crystal X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique.
The photophysical study was performed using spectroscopic techniques: Ultraviolet-Visible
(UV-Vis) and fluorescence. The results of the IR spectra showed strong frequency bands in the at
1595–1400 cm?¹ were due to
ν(C=N) and ν(C=C). The ¹H NMR spectra displayed the proton
signals of phenylpyridine and pyridinetriazole in the aromatic region between δ 5.00 and
10.00 ppm. The ¹³C NMR spectra showed aromatic carbon signals in the range δ 80–150 ppm
and δ 0−50 ppm for aliphatic carbon that matches with the corresponding number of
carbon atoms in C1−C4. Complexes of C1, C2, C3 and C4 exhibited ESI spectra at m/z 754.22,
823.17, 803.11 and 847.15, respectively. X-Ray crystallographic study confirmed iridium(III)
ion in C1 was coordinated to one pyridine-triazole, one chloro and two difluorophenylpyridine
ligands in a distorted octahedral geometry. Steady- state emission spectroscopy demonstrated
C1, C2, C3 and C4 emitted blue-green light in dichloromethane solution with an emission maximum at
472 nm, 452 nm, 471 nm and 470 nm, respectively. In conclusion, electronic properties of
iridium(III) complexes with NHC ligands have tuned the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)
energy to the blue region. The implication of this study is these iridium(III) complexes can be
studied as an alternative material to enhance luminescence efficiency of organic light-
emitting diode (OLED).
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