UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :Thesis
Subject :LB Theory and practice of education
Main Author :Lingaswaran Arjunan
Title :The effect of Safety Practices on Organizational Performance in Malaysian public universities
Hits :628
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
Year of Publication :2021
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file
PDF Full Text :You have no permission to view this item.

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This study aimed to examine the effect of Safety Practices (SP) on Organizational Performance (OP) in Malaysian public universities. To test the proposed framework, this research adopted the positivist, deductive and quantitative approach. Data, which was gathered from a simple random sample of 385 academicians from 20 Malaysian public universities using an online questionnaire, was analysed using multiple regression. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant effect of Safety Management and Leadership (SML) on OP (β=0.314, p=0.000), Safety Policy, Procedures, and Processes (SPPP) on OP (β=0.278, p=0.000), and Workforce Safety Culture (WSC) on OP (β=0.204, p=0.000) at the significance value of 0.000. On the other hand, the findings also revealed the insignificant effect of Safety Learning and Training (SLT) on OP (β=0.029, p=0.395) through SP implementation. Besides, the Safety Practice Performance Improvement (SPPI) Tool developed in this study could serve as a significant tool in selecting the best faculty in safety performance. In conclusion, Malaysian universities should implement the SML, SPPP and WSC to improve the organisational performance in universities. The implication of this study contributes to the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) literature by linking the SP on OP.  

References

Abdelhamid, T. S., & Everett, J. G. (2000). Identifying root causes of construction accidents. 

Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126(1), 52–60. 

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2000)126:1(52)

 

Aetis Heromi, N., Awang Said, S., & Abd Latip, H. (2017). The effectiveness of balanced scorecard 

implementation in Sarawak civil service. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 29(5),     1039–1041.     Retrieved     

from      http://www.sci- int.com/pdf/636428223497523670.pdf

 

Ai Lin Teo, E., & Yean Yng Ling, F. (2006). Developing a model to measure the effectiveness of 

safety management systems of construction sites. Building and Environment, 41(11), 1584–1592. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.06.005

 

Alfayez, B. A. (2017). The moderating effect of social support on the relationship between safety 

climate and safety behaviour: a study of the Jeddah construction industry. Universiti Utara 

Malaysia.

 

Ali, A. S., Kamaruzzaman, S. N., & Sing, G. C. (2010). A study on causes of accident and prevention 

in Malaysian construction industry. Journal of Design Build, 3(3), 95–113.

 

Ali, H., Azimah Chew Abdullah, N., & Subramaniam, C. (2009). Management practice in safety culture 

and its influence on workplace injury. Disaster Prevention and Management:    An    International   

 Journal,    18(5),    470–477. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560911003660

 

Ali, S., & Shariff, A. M. (2016). Ahp-based conceptual model for selection of key elements for 

safety culture using smart criteria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial 

Engineering and Operations Management, 8-10 March 2016, 455–463.

 

Alolah, Stewart, Panuwatwanich, & Mohamed. (2014). Determining the causal relationships  among  

balanced  scorecard  perspectives  on  school  safety performance : Case of Saudi Arabia. Accident 

Analysis and Prevention, 68, 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.002

 

Alolah, T., Anthony Stewart, R., Panuwatwanich, K., & Mohamed, S. (2014). Developing a 

comprehensive safety performance evaluation framework for Saudi schools. International Journal of 

Productivity and Performance Management, 63(4), 446–476. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2013-0096

 

Alolah, T. S., Stewart, R. A., & Panuwatwanich, K. (2013). Benchmarking saudi public schools using 

a safety balanced scorecard ( BSC ) approach. In Proceedings of the

19th CIB World Building Congress: Construction and Society Copyright.

 

Alsamadani, R., Hallowell, M., & Javernick-Will, A. N. (2013). Measuring and modelling safety 

communication in small work crews in the US using social network analysis. Construction Management 

and Economics, 31(6), 568–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.685486

 

Aminbakhsh, S., Gunduz, M., & Sonmez, R. (2013). Safety risk assessment using analytic hierarchy 

process (AHP) during planning and budgeting of construction projects.    Journal    of    Safety    

Research,    46,    99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.05.003

 

Amrina, E. (2009). Manufacturing performance measurement tool for small and medium-sized 

enterprises (Master Thesis). Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, 

Malaysia.

 

Anvari, A. R., Mojahed, M., Zulkifli, N., Yusuff, R. M., Ismail, Y., & Hojjati, S. M. H. (2011). A 

group AHP-based tool to evaluate effective factors toward leanness in automotive industry. Journal 

of Applied Sciences, 11, 3142-3151.

 

Anvari, A. N., Zulkifli, S., Sorooshian, & Boyerhassani, O. (2014). An integrated design 

methodology based on the use of group AHP-DEA approach for measuring lean tools efficiency with 

undesirable output. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 70, 2169–2186.

 

Arbel, A., & Vargas, L. G. (1993). Preference simulation and preference programming: Robustness 

issues in priority derivation. European Journal of Operational Research, 69, 200–209.

 

Arboleda, A., Morrow, P. C., Crum, M. R., & Shelley, M. C. (2003). Management practices as 

antecedents of safety culture within the trucking industry: Similarities and differences by 

hierarchical level. Journal of Safety Research, 34(2), 189–197. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00071-3

 

Ariffi, H., Salit, M. S., Ismail, N., & Nukman, Y. (2008). Use of analytical hierarchy process 

(AHP) for selecting the best design concept. Jurnal Teknologi, 49(A), 1- 18.

 

Astor, R. A., Meyer, H. A., Benbenishty, R., Marachi, R., & Rosemond, M. (2005). School safety 

interventions: Best practices and programs. Children and Schools, 27(1), 17–32. 

https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/27.1.17

 

Aytekin, A. (2017). Academic staff performance evaluation by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and 

software package preparation. International Journal of Advanced  Engineering  and  Management  

Research,  126(1),  52–60. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2000)126:1(52)

 

Azadeh, A., Nazari, T., & Charkhand, H. (2015). Optimisation of facility layout design problem with 

safety and environmental factors by stochastic DEA and simulation

approach. International Journal of Production Research, 53, 3370–3389.

 

Azhar, S., & Choudhry, R. M. (2016). Capacity building in construction health and safety research, 

education, and practice in Pakistan. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(1), 92–105. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-09-2014-0044

 

Badri, M. A. (2001). A combined AHP-GP model for quality control systems.

International Journal of Production Economics, 72(1), 27-40.

 

Bahn, S., & Barratt-Pugh, L. (2014). Health and safety legislation in Australia: Complexity for 

training remains. International Journal of Training Research, 12(1), 57–70. 

https://doi.org/10.5172/ijtr.2014.12.1.57

 

Bailey, A. R., Chow, C. W., & Haddad, K. M. (1999). Continuous improvement in business education: 

Insights from the for-profit sector and business school deans. Journal    of    Education    for    

Business,    74(3),    165–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832329909601681

 

Bakkar, M. F. B. A. (2014). Safety performance of electrical utility in Tenaga Nasional Berhad, 

distribution division Melaka. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Banker, R. D., Potter, G., & Srinivasan, D. (2000). An empirical investigation of an incentive plan 

that includes nonfinancial performance measures. Accounting Review, 75(1), 65–92. 

https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2000.75.1.65

 

Beard, D. F. (2009). Successful applications of the balanced scorecard in higher education.   

Journal   of   Education   for   Business,   84(5),   275–282. 

https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEB.84.5.275-282

 

Benjamin O. ALLI. (2008). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety (Second).        

         Retrieved                 from 

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/@publ/docume 

nts/publication/wcms_093550.pdf

 

Beriha, G. S., Patnaik, B., & Mahapatra, S. S. (2011). Safety performance evaluation of Indian 

organizations using data envelopment analysis. Benchmarking: An International         Journal,      

   18(2),         197–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111121676

 

Bertolini, M., & Bevilacqua, M. (2006). A combined goal programming-AHP approach to maintenance 

selection problem. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 91(7), 839-848.

 

Bhattacharya, A., Sarkar, B., & Mukherjee, S. K. (2005). Integrating AHP with QFD for Robot 

Selection under Requirement Perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 43, 

3671–3685.

 

Bhattacharya, A., Geraghty, J., & Young, P. (2010). Supplier selection paradigm: an integrated 

hierarchical QFD methodology under multiple-criteria environment.

Applied Soft Computing, 10, 1013–1027.

 

Bhattacharya, A., Mohapatra, P., Kumar, V., Dey, P. K., Brady, M., Tiwari, M. K., & Nudurupati, S. 

S. (2014). Green supply chain performance measurement using fuzzy ANP-based balanced scorecard: A 

collaborative decision-making approach. Production     Planning     &     Control,     25(8),     

698–714. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2013.798088

 

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices (2nd 

edition). Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on 

Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times - dg.o ’11. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000407

 

Bigelow, P. L., & Robson, L. S. (2005). Occupational health and safety management audit 

instruments: A literature review. Institute for Work & Health.

 

Biggs, S. E., Banks, T. D., Davey, J. D., & Freeman, J. E. (2013). Safety leaders’ perceptions of 

safety culture in a large Australasian construction organisation. Safety Science, 52, 3–12. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.04.012

 

Booren, L. M., Handy, D. J., & Power, T. G. (2011). Examining perceptions of school safety 

strategies, school climate, and violence. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 9(2), 171–187. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204010374297

 

Bridoux, F. (2004). A resource-based approach to performance and competition: An Overview of the 

connections between resources and competition. Retrieved from 

https://cdn.uclouvain.be/public/Exportsreddot/iag/documents/WP_110_Bridoux.p df

 

Brown, M. L., Kenney, M., & Zarkin, M. J. (2006). Organizational learning in the global   context,  

 (May   2014),   289–xiii,   289.   Retrieved   from http://search.proquest.com/docview/

 

Brown, B. K. (2017). Leadership styles and safety behaviours with safety climate as a mediator a 

mong oil and gas workers. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Business Research Methods. Methods. 3rd edition. 

https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857028044

 

Büyüközkan, G., Feyzioglu, O., & Nebol, E. (2008). Selection of the strategic alliance partner in 

logistics value chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 113, 148–158.

 

Ca, B., & Ph, L. M. (2016). Comprehensive school safety practices in Asia. Retrieved from 

https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/Comprehensive Sch Safety Practices Asia_Web.pdf

 

Carter, K. J., Ritchey, N. P., Castro, F. L., Caccamo, P., Kessler, E., & Erickson, B. A. (1999). 

Analysis of three decision-making methods: A breast cancer patient as a

model. Medical Decision Making, 19, 49–57.

 

Castro, F., L. P. Caccamo, K. J. Carter, B. A. Erickson, W. Johnson, E. Kessler, N. P. Ritchey, and 

C. A. Ruiz. 1996. “Sequential Test Selection in the Analysis of Abdominal Pain.” Medical Decision 

Making 16: 178–183.

 

Caputo, A. C., Pelagagge, P. M., & Salini, P. (2013). AHP-based methodology for selecting safety 

devices of industrial machinery. Safety Science, 53, 202–218. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.10.006

 

Carmines, EG & Zeller, RA (1990), Reliability and validity assessment, Sage, New York.

 

Cebi, F., and Bayraktar, D. (2003). An integrated approach for supplier selection.

Logistics Information Management, 16(6), 395-400.

 

Cebi, S., and C. Kahraman. 2010. “Developing a Group Decision Support System Based on Fuzzy 

Information Axiom.” Knowledge-Based Systems 23: 3–16.

 

Chan, F. T. S., and Chung, S. H. (2004a). Multi-criteria genetic optimization for distribution 

network problems. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 24(7–8), 517-532.

 

Chan, F. T. S., and Chung, S. H. (2004b). A multi-criterion genetic algorithm for order 

distribution in demand driven supply chain. International Journal of Computer Integrated 

Manufacturing, 17(4), 339-351.

 

Chan, F. T. S., and Chung, S. H. (2005). Multicriterion genetic optimization for due date assigned 

distribution network problems. Decision Support Systems, 39(4), 661-675.

 

Chan, F. T. S., Chung, S. H., and Choy, K. L. (2006). Optimization of order fulfilment in 

distribution network problems. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 17(3), 307- 319.

 

Chan, F. T. S., Chung, S. H., and Wadhwa, S. (2004). A heuristic methodology for order distribution 

in a demand driven collaborative supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 42(1), 

1-19.

 

Chan, F. T. S., Chung, S. H., and Wadhwa, S. (2005). A hybrid genetic algorithm for production and 

distribution. Omega, 33(4), 345-355.

 

Chan, A. H. S., Kwok, W. Y., Duffy, V. G., Chan, A. H. S., & Duffy, V. G. (2004).

Using AHP for determining priority in a safety management system. Industrial Management     &     

Data     Systems,     04(5),     430–445. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570410537516

 

Chan, F. T. S., Chan, H. K., Lau, H. C. W., & ip, R. W. l. (2006). An AHP approach in benchmarking 

logistics performance of the postal industry. Benchmarking: An International         Journal,       

  13(6),         636–661.https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770610709031

Chandrakantan Subramaniam, Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin, Md. Lazim Mohd Zin, Subramaniam Sri Ramalu, 

Z. H. (2016a). Safety management practices and safety compliance in small medium enterprises: 

Mediating role of safety participation. Asia-Pacific   Journal   of   Business   Administration,   

8(3),   226–244. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/VINE-10-2013-0063

 

Chatzimouratidis, A. I., and P. A. Pilavachi. 2008a. “Sensitivity Analysis of the Evaluation of 

Power Plants Impact on the Living Standard Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Energy Conversion 

and Management 49: 3599–3611.

 

Chatzimouratidis, A. I., and P. A. Pilavachi. 2008b. “Multicriteria Evaluation of Power Plants 

Impact on the Living Standard Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Energy Policy 36: 1074–1089.

 

Chatzimouratidis,  A.  I.,  &  P.  A.  Pilavachi.  2009a.  “Sensitivity  Analysis  of 

Technological, Economic and Sustainability Evaluation of Power Plants Using the Analytic Hierarchy 

Process.” Energy Policy 37: 788–798.

 

Chatzimouratidis, A. I., and P. A. Pilavachi. 2009b. “Technological, Economic and Sustainability 

Evaluation of Power Plants Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Energy Policy 37: 778–787.

 

Chiaburu, D. S., Oh, I.-S., Berry, C. M., Li, N., & Gardner, R. G. (2011). The five- factor model 

of personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta- analysis.   Journal   of   

Applied   Psychology,   96(6),   1140–1166. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024004

 

Chiek Desa, A. F. N., Habidin, N. F., Hibadullah, S. N., Mohd Fuzi, N., & Mohd Zamri,

F. I. (2013). The Impact of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Practices (OSHAP) and 

OHSAS 18001 efforts in Malaysian Automotive Industry. Journal of Applied Science And Research, 

1(1), 47–59.

 

Choudhry, Dongping Fang, S. M. (2007). The nature of safety culture : A survey of the 

state-of-the-art, 45, 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.003

 

Choudhry, Fang, & Ahmed. (2008). Safety management in construction: Best practices in Hong Kong. 

Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice,     134(1),     20–32.     

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-

3928(2008)134:1(20)

 

Clarke, S. (2010). An integrative model of safety climate: Linking psychological climate and work 

attitudes to individual safety outcomes using meta-analysis. Journal  of  Occupational  and  

Organizational  Psychology,  83(3),  553–578. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X452122

 

Combs, J. G., & Ketchen, Jr., D. J. (1999). Explaining interfirm cooperation and

performance: toward a reconciliation of predictions from the resource-based view and organizational 

economics. Strategic Management Journal, 20(9), 867–888. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199909)20:9<867::AID- SMJ55>3.0.CO;2-6

 

Cooper, & Lindley. (2013). Global Safety Culture , or Strategic Chains of co- operation ? 

Proceedings of the 8th System Safety Conference Incorporating the Cyber Security Conference, 

7353(July), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1717

 

Cooper, M., & Cotton, D. (2000). Safety training – a special case? Journal of European Industrial 

Training, 24(9), 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590010358205

 

Cooper, M. D., & Phillips, R. A. (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety  

behavior  relationship.  Journal  of  Safety  Research,  35(5),  497–512. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.08.004

 

Crary, M., Nozick, L. K., and Whitaker, L. R. (2002). Sizing the US destroyer fleet.

European Journal of Operational Research, 136(3), 680-695.

 

Crawford, G., and C. Williams. 1985. “A Note on the Analysis of Subjective Judgment Matrices.” 

Journal of Mathematical Psychology 29: 387–405.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Aproaches.    

SAGE    Publications,    (3rd    Edition),    203–223. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208956

 

Crossan, F. (2003). Research philosophy: towards an understanding. Nurse Researcher, 11(1), 46–55. 

https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2003.10.11.1.46.c5914

 

Crutchfield, N., & Roughton, J. (2014). Getting Your Employees Involved in the Safety Management 

System. Safety Culture, 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12- 396496-0.00008-2

 

Dagdeviren, M., & Yüksel, I. (2008). Developing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model for 

behavior-based safety management. Information Sciences, 178(6), 1717–1733. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.10.016

 

Dahl, B. (2012). Perceptions of School Safety. University of Nebraska at Omaha, EDAD   9550   

Symposium   on   School   Leadership.   Retrieved   from www.unomaha.edu/college-of- 

education/moec/_files/docs/publications/EDAD_9550_Dahl_Research_Brief_Spri ng_2013.pdf

 

Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and  synthesis 

 of  the  literature.  Journal  of  Management,  25(3),  357–384. 

https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500305

 

David Wallace, J. L. (2002). Management of security services in higher education.

Retrieved from http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/11542/1/02_30.pdf

 

David Walters., E. W. (2017). Worker participation in the management of occupational safety and 

health - EU Law and Publications. Publications Office of the European Union. 

https://doi.org/10.2802/93677

 

Deirdre McCaughey, Jami DelliFraine, C. O. E. (2015). International Best Practices in Health Care 

Management. Advances in Health Care Management, 17, 195–219. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-8231201517

 

DeJoy, D. M., Della, L. J., Vandenberg, R. J., & Wilson, M. G. (2010). Making work safer: Testing a 

model of social exchange and safety management. Journal of Safety Research, 41(2), 163–171. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2010.02.001

 

Delegach, M., Kark, R., Katz-Navon, T., & Van Dijk, D. (2017). A focus on commitment: the roles of 

transformational and transactional leadership and self- regulatory focus in fostering 

organizational and safety commitment. European Journal  of  Work  and  Organizational  Psychology,  

26(5),  724–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1345884

 

Department of Health Organisational Health. (2014). Implementing a work health and safety   

training   and   development   framework.   Retrieved   from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/  

data/assets/pdf_file/0032/397229/qh-imp-401-2-

1.pdf

 

Dessler, G. (1999). How to Earn Your Employees’ Commitment. Source: The Academy of       Management 

      Executive,       13(2),       58–67. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.1999.1899549

 

De Wulf, K. & Odekerken-Schröder, G. 2001. A Critical Review of Theories Underlying Relationship 

Marketing in the Context of Explaining Consumer Relationships. Journal for the Theory of Social 

Behaviour 31(1): 73.

 

Díaz-Cabrera, D., Hernández-Fernaud, E., & Isla-Díaz, R. (2007). An evaluation of a new instrument 

to measure organisational safety culture values and practices. Accident    Analysis    and    

Prevention,    39(6),    1202–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.03.005

 

Dorweiler, V. P., & Yakhou, M. (2005). Scorecard for academic administration performance on the 

campus. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(2), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510574557

 

Drake, C., Haslam, R., & Haslam, C. (2017). Facilitators and barriers to the protection and 

promotion of the health and safety of older workers. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 

15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14773996.2017.1289453

 

Dyer, J. S. 1990a. “Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Management Science

36: 249.

 

Dyer, J. S. 1990b. “A Clarification of ‘Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process’.”

Management Science 36: 274–275.

 

Eacho,  T.  C. (2013).  Violence and  Disorder,  School Climate, and PBIS: The Relationship among 

School Climate, Student Outcomes, and the Use of Positive Behavioral  Interventions  and  Supports. 

 ProQuest  LLC.  Retrieved  from 

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED559550&si 

te=ehost-live%0Ahttp://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88- 

2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=x ri:pqdiss:3590612

 

Edwards, J. R. D., Davey, J., & Armstrong, K. (2013). Returning to the roots of culture: A review 

and re-conceptualisation of safety culture. Safety Science, 55, 70–80. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.01.004

 

Egede, L. E., & Ellis, C. (2010). Development and psychometric properties of the 12- item diabetes 

fatalism scale. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(1), 61–66. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-1168-5

 

Eisingerich, A. B. & Rubera, G. 2010. Drivers of Brand Commitment: A CrossNational Investigation. 

Journal of International Marketing 18(2): 64-79.

 

El-nagar, R., Hosny, H., & Askar, H. S. (2015). Development of a Safety Performance Index   for   

Construction   Projects   in   Egypt,   3(5),   182–192. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajcea-3-5-5

 

Emrouznejad, A., and W. Ho. 2017. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. CRC Press.

ISBN 9781498732468.

 

Eraslan, E., and K. Atalay. 2014. “A Comparative Holistic Fuzzy Approach for Evaluation  of  the  

Chain  Performance  of  Suppliers.”  Journal  of  Applied Mathematics 2014: 1–9.

 

Erdogan, B. Z., & Baker, M. J. (2002). Increasing mail survey response rates from an industrial 

population: A cost-effectiveness analysis of four follow-up techniques. Industrial Marketing 

Management, 31(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-

8501(00)00117-6

 

Ertay, T., D. Ruan, and U. Tuzkaya. 2006. “Integrating Data Envelopment Analysis and Analytic 

Hierarchy for the Facility Layout Design in Manufacturing Systems.” Information Sciences 176: 

237–262.

 

Evely, A. C., Fazey, I., Pinard, M., & Lambin, X. (2008). The Influence of Philosophical 

Perspectives in Integrative Research: a Conservation Case Study in the Cairngorms National. Ecology 

and Society, 13(2), 16. https://doi.org/52

 

Evelyn Ai Lin Teoa, F. Y. Y. L. (2006). Developing a model to measure the effectiveness of safety 

management systems of construction sites, 41, 1584–1592.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.06.005

 

Executive, S. (2013). Managing for health and safety. Crown copyright. Retrieved from 

www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg65.htmorvisitthewebsiteatwww.hse.gov.uk/man aging.

 

Fadzlin, A., Zubir, M., & Habidin, N. F. (2012). The development of sustainable manufacturing 

practices and sustainable performance in Malaysian automotive industry. Journal of Economics and 

Sustainable Development, 3(7), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2013.056755

 

Farouk, U. K. (2017). The relationship between management’s commitment and effective safety and 

health committees in Malaysia. Employee Relations, 39(2), 204–222. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2014-0089

 

Fauzi Hussin, Jamal Ali, & Mohd Saifoul Zamzuri, N. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan dan analisis data 

SPSS. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Felknor, S. A., Sequeira, L. F., Weinger, M., Burau, K. D., De Mezerville, L., & Delclos, G. 

(2004). Worker safety training in public hospitals in Costa Rica. Int J Occup Environ Health, 

10(4), 445–450. https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.445

 

Feng, Y., Teo, E. A. L., Ling, F. Y. Y., & Low, S. P. (2014). Exploring the interactive effects  of 

 safety  investments,  safety  culture  and  project  hazard  on  safety performance: An empirical 

analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 32(6), 932–943. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.10.016

 

Forte, A. N. S. (2017). Strategies for reducing employee absenteeism for a sustainable future: A 

Bermuda perspective. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 196.

 

Fuzi, Nursyazwani Mohd Nurul Fadly Habidin Siti Norhafizan Hibadullah, F. I. M. Z.

A. F. N. C. D. (2015). Critical success factors of corporate social responsibility practices for 

the Malaysian automotive industry, 7(2), 142–156.

 

G.S. Beriha, B. Patnaik, S. S. M. (2011). Safety performance evaluation of Indian organizations 

using data envelopment analysis. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 18(2), 197–220. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111121676

 

Geldart, S., Smith, C. A., Shannon, H. S., & Lohfeld, L. (2010). Organizational practices  and  

workplace  health  and  safety:  A  cross-sectional  study  in manufacturing    companies.    

Safety    Science,    48(5),    562–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.01.004

 

Glendon, A. ., & Litherland, D. (2001a). Safety climate factors, group differences and safety  

behaviour  in  road  construction.  Safety  Science,  39(3),  157–188.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00006-6

 

Glendon, A. I., & Litherland, D. K. (2001b). Safety climate factors , group di  erences and safety 

behaviour in road construction, 39.

 

Good, P. I., & Hardin, J. W. (2006). Common Error in Statistics.

 

Grabowski, M., Ayyalasomayajula, P., Merrick, J., Harrald, J. R., & Roberts, K. (2007a). Leading 

indicators of safety in virtual organizations. Safety Science, 45(10), 1013–1043. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.007

 

Grabowski, M., Ayyalasomayajula, P., Merrick, J., Harrald, J. R., & Roberts, K. (2007b). Leading 

indicators of safety in virtual organizations, 45, 1013–1043. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.007

 

Greener,  S.   (2008).   Business  Research   Methods.  Book  Boon.com. 

https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857028044

 

Greepherson, A. (2013). The impacts of the health and safety programmes on the organization 

performance: a case study of arusha airport authority abihud. University of Tanzania.

 

Griffin, M. A., & Curcuruto, M. (2016). Safety Climate in Organizations. Annual Review of 

Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 191–

212. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062414

 

Guo, L. S., and He, Y. S. (1999). Integrated multi-criterial decision model: A case study for the 

allocation of facilities in Chinese agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 

73(1), 87-94.

 

Gyekye, S. A. (2006). Workers’ Perceptions of Workplace Safety: An African Perspective. 

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 12(1), 31–42. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2006.11076667

 

Habidin, N. F. (2012). Structural Analysis and tool for lean six sigma, strategic control systems  

and  organization  performance.  PhD  Proposal,  1(January),  333. 

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Habidin, N. F., Salleh, M. I., Latip, N. A., & Nor, M. (2016). The development of strategic 

balanced scorecard tool ( SBST ) for Malaysian automotive industry, 1015(August). 

https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2016.1139004

 

Hadidi, L. A., & Khater, M. A. (2015). Loss prevention in turnaround maintenance projects by 

selecting contractors based on safety criteria using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Journal 

of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 34, 115–126. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.01.028

 

Habidin, N. F., Nursyazwani Mohd Fuzi, Farah Izzaida Mohd Zamri, S. N. H. and A.

F. N. C. D. (2014). ISO 26000 efforts and corporate social responsibility

performance in Malaysian automotive industry. Int. J. Business Excellence, 7(4),

515–529.

 

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis: A 

global perspective. Analysis.

 

Hannie, J. (2015). A balanced score card perspective of the safety, (November). Hanratty, P. J., 

and B. Joseph. 1992. “Decision-making in Chemical Engineering and

Expert Systems: Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Reactor

Selection.” Computers & Chemical Engineering 16: 849–860.

 

Hanratty, P. J., B. Joseph, and M. P. Dudukovic. 1992. “Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in 

the Presence of Uncertainty in an Expert System for Laboratory Reactor Selection.” Industrial and 

Engineering Chemistry Research 31: 228–238.

 

Harker, P. T. 1987. “Alternative Modes of Questioning in the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” 

Mathematical Modelling 9: 353–360.

 

Harker, P. T., and Vargas, L. G. 1987. “The Theory of Ratio Scale Estimation: Saaty’s Analytic 

Hierarchy Process.” Management Science 33: 1383–1403.

 

Harker, P. T., and Vargas, L. G. 1990. “Reply to ‘Remarks on the Analytic Hierarchy Process’ by J. 

S. Dyer.” Management Science 36: 269–273.

 

Hassan, N. H. C., Ismail, A. R., Makhtar, N. K., Sulaiman, M. A., Subki, N. S., & Hamzah, N. A. 

(2017). Safety and health practice among laboratory staff in Malaysian education sector. IOP 

Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 257(1), 012004. 

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/257/1/012004

 

Hassan, N. H. C., Makhtar, N. K., Ismail, A. R., Sulaiman, M. A., Subki, N. S., Hamzah, N. A., … 

Ali, M. F. M. (2018a). A Survey on Occupational Safety and Health  Awareness  Among  School  

Teachers  in  Kelantan,  Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60828-0_15

 

Håvold, J. I., & Nesset, E. (2009a). From safety culture to safety orientation : Validation and 

simplification of a safety orientation scale using a sample of seafarers working for Norwegian ship 

owners. Safety Science, 47(3), 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.05.002

 

Health and Safety Executives. (2001). a Guide To Measuring Health & Safety, (December), 1–30. 

Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/opsunit/perfmeas.pdf

 

Henri, J.-F. (2006). Organizational culture and performance measurement systems. Accounting,    

Organizations    and    Society,    31(1),    77–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2004.10.003

 

Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies.

Research in Nursing & Health, 31(2), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20247

 

Hill, C. W. L., & Jones, G. R. (2007). Strategic management: An integrated approach. Strategic   

Management   An   Integrated   Approach.   Retrieved   from 

http://books.google.com.co/books?id=0588ekqiqQAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=e 

s&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

Höfler, M., Pfister, H., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H. U. (2005). The use of weights to account  for  

non-response  and  drop-out.  Social  Psychiatry  and  Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(4), 291–299. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0882-5

 

Holden, M. T., & Lynch, P. (2004). Choosing the Appropriate Methodology: Understanding Research 

Philosophy. The Marketing Review, 4(4), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1362/1469347042772428

 

Hopwood, A. G. (1972). An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation, 

10(1972), 156–182.

 

Hoque, Z., Mia, L., & Alam, M. (2001). Market competition, computer-aided manufacturing and use of 

multiple performance measures: An empirical study. British Accounting Review, 33(1), 23–45. 

https://doi.org/10.1006/bare.2000.0149

 

Huang, Y., Robertson, M. M., Lee, J., Rineer, J., Murphy, L. A., Garabet, A., & Dainoff, M. J. 

(2014). Supervisory interpretation of safety climate versus employee safety climate perception: 

Association with safety behavior and outcomes for lone workers. Transportation Research Part F: 

Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.006

 

Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th edt). Boston, MA: Pearson, 276–311.

 

Humphreys, J. S. (2007). Health and Safety at Work Act 1974: is it too late to teach an old dog new 

tricks? Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 5(1), 19–35. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2007.11667686

 

Hussain, N. H. (2009). The critical success factor in implement occupational safety and health 

(osha).

 

Ibrahim, H. (2017). Sekolah wajib audit keselamatan, 1–3.

 

Iicba,  U.  (2018).  School  safety  manual  Tools  for  teachers.  Retrieved  from 

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002613/261350e.pdf

 

Institution of Occupational Safety. (2012). Promoting a Positive culture. Institution of 

Occupational   Safety   and   Health   Review,   15.   Retrieved   from 

https://www.iosh.co.uk/News/Promoting-a-positive-culture.aspx

 

International Atomic Energy Agency. (2016). General Safety Requirements Part 2 - Leadership and 

Management for Quality. IAEA Safety Standards, 26. Retrieved

from http://www-ns.iaea.org/standards/

 

Ishizaka, A., and A. Labib. 2011. “Review of the Main Developments in the Analytic Hierarchy 

Process.” Expert Systems with Applications 38: 14336–14345.

 

Islam, R., and Rasad, S. M. (2006). Employee performance evaluation by the AHP: a case study. Asia 

Pacific Management Review, 11(3), 163-176.

 

Ismail Ph Assistant Professor, K. D., Farhan Mohamad Shukri, M., Badzis Associate Professor, M., & 

Siraje Abdallah Associate Professor, S. (n.d.). The Prospect of Implementing  Safety  Education  in 

 Malaysian  Primary  Schools:  from  the Perspective of School Administrators. Online) European 

Journal of Social Sciences Education,           6(2).           Retrieved           from 

http://journals.euser.org/files/articles/ejser_jan_apr_16/Khamsiah.pdf

 

Ittner, C. D., & Larcker, D. F. (1998). Are Nonfinancial Measures Leading Indicators of Financial 

Performance? An Analysis of Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Accounting Research, 36, 1. 

https://doi.org/10.2307/2491304

 

Jaafar, S. bin, Choong, W. W., & Mohamed, A. H. bin. (2017). Facilities maintenance employees’ 

priority of safety management practices. Facilities, 35(5/6), 319–334. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/F-03-2015-0012

 

Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: Sample size for pilot studies. 

Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164409355692

 

Jr, J. F. H., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Black, W. C., & Anderson, R.

E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4

 

Ju, C., & Rowlinson, S. (2014). Institutional determinants of construction safety management 

strategies of contractors in Hong Kong. Construction Management and Economics, 32(7–8), 725–736. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2014.909048

 

Jusoh, R., & Parnell, J. A. (2008). Competitive strategy and performance measurement in   the   

Malaysian   context.   Management   Decision,   46(1),   5–31. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740810846716

 

Kahraman, C., and S. Çebi?. 2009. “A New Multi-attribute Decision Making Method: Hierarchical Fuzzy 

Axiomatic Design.” Expert Systems with Applications 36: 4848–4861.

 

Kane, M. N., Jacobs, R. J., & Hawkins, W. E. (2015). Beliefs About Safety and Religious and 

Cultural Diversity. Journal of Social Service Research, 41(5), 622– 641. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2015.1057356

 

Kangas, J., and J. Kuusipalo. 1993. “Integrating Biodiversity into Forest Management Planning and 

Decision-making.” Forest Ecology and Management 61: 1–15.

 

Kaplan, G. S., & Stokes, C. D. (2017). Leading a Culture of Safety: A Blueprint for

Success,           48.           Retrieved           from 

http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.npsf.org/resource/resmgr/lli/Leading_a_Culture_of

_Safety_.pdf

 

Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. (2001). Transforming the Balanced balanced scorecard from performance 

measurement to strategic management : Part 1. Accounting Horizons, 15(1), 87–104. 

https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.2.147

 

Kaplan, R S, & Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management   

system.   Harvard   Business   Review,   74(1),   75–85. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0840-4704(10)60668-0

 

Kaplan, Robert S., & Norton, D. P. (1993). Putting the Balanced Scorecard to Work. The   Economic   

Impact   of   Knowledge.   Butterworth-Heinemann. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-7009-8.50023-9

 

Kaplan, Robert S., & Norton, D. P. (1996a). Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy.    

California    Management    Review,    39(1),    53–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165876

 

Kaplan, Robert S., & Norton, D. P. (1996b). The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy  Into  

Action.  Proceedings  of  the  IEEE,  85(9),  1509–1510. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.1997.628729

 

Kaplan, Robert S, & Norton, D. P. (2006). Alignment: Using the BSC to create corporate synergies. 

Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki. Retrieved from 

http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:No+Title#0

 

Kaya, I., and C. Kahraman. 2014. “A Comparison of Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Making  Methods  for 

 Intelligent  Building  Assessment.”  Journal  of  Civil Engineering and Management 20: 59–69.

 

Kew, R. (1997). Successful health and safety management (Second edition). Crown copyrigh. Retrieved 

from http://www.mtpinnacle.com/pdfs/HR-OHS.pdf

 

Khan, M. D. H.-U.-Z., Halabi, A. K., & Khan, M. R. (2011). Non-Financial Performance  Measures  -  

Organizational  Performance  Relationship  in  the Bangladeshi Firms: The Moderator Role of 

Environmental Uncertainty and Corporate   Culture.   SSRN   Electronic   Journal,   (November),   

1–30. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1965612

 

Kiani, F. *, Borjali, A., Farhbakhsh, K., & Farokhi, N. (2013). The role of fatalistic beliefs and 

safety climate in predicting work situation awareness among workers of one petrochemical industry 

in Asaluyeh, Iran, in 2014. Journal of Occupational Health       and       Epidemiology,       

2(4),       165–173.

https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.johe.2.4.165

 

Kim, P.O., Lee, K.J., and Lee, B. W. (1999). Selection of an optimal nuclear fuel cycle scenario by 

goal programming and the analytic hierarchy process. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 26(5), 449-460.

 

Kines, Andersen, Spangenberg, Mikkelsen, Dyreborg, & Zohar. (2010). Improving construction site 

safety through leader-based verbal safety communication. Journal of Safety Research, 41(5), 

399–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2010.06.005

 

Kitchenham, B & Pfleeger SL (2002), ‘Principles of survey research Part 4: Questionnaire 

evaluation’, Software Engineering 27: 128-220.

 

Koksal, G., and Egitman, A. (1998). Planning and design of industrial engineering education 

quality. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 35(3–4), 639-642.

 

Kontogiannis, T., Leva, M. C., & Balfe, N. (2017). Total Safety Management: Principles,  processes  

and  methods.  Safety  Science,  100,  128–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.09.015

 

Korpela,  J.,  and  A.  Lehmusvaara.  1999.  “A  Customer-Oriented  Approach  to Warehouse Network 

Evaluation and Design.” International Journal of Production Economics 59: 135–146.

 

Korpela, J., and M. Tuominen. 1996a. “Benchmarking Logistics Performance with an Application of the 

Analytic Hierarchy Process.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 43: 323–333.

 

Korpela, J., and M. Tuominen. 1996b. “Inventory Forecasting with a Multiple Criteria Decision 

Tool.” International Journal of Production Economics 45: 159–168.

 

Korpela, J., and M. Tuominen. 1996c. “A Decision Aid in Warehouse Site Selection.” International 

Journal of Production Economics 45: 169–180.

 

Korpela, J., and M. Tuominen. 1997. “Group Decision Support for Analysing Logistics Development 

Projects.” In Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 

493–502. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press

 

Korpela, J., A. Lehmusvaara, and M. Tuominen. 2001. Customer Service Based Design of the Supply 

Chain. International Journal of Production Economics 69: 193–204.

 

Korpela, J., Kylaheiko, K., Lehmusvaara, A., and Tuominen, M. (2002). An analytic approach to 

production capacity allocation and supply chain design. International Journal of Production 

Economics, 78(2), 187-195.

 

Kotane, I., & Kuzmina-Merlino, I. (2012). Assessment of Financial Indicators for Evaluation of 

Business Performance. European Integration Studies, (January),

216–224. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.6.1554

 

Kurttila, M., M. Pesonen, J. Kangas, and M. Kajanus. 2000. “Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy 

Process (AHP) in SWOT Analysis – A Hybrid Method and Its Application to a Forest-certification 

Case.” Forest Policy and Economics 1: 41–52.

 

Kwak, N. K., and Lee, C. W. (1998). A multicriteria decision-making approach to university resource 

allocations and information infrastructure planning. European Journal of Operational Research, 

110(2), 234–242.

 

Kwak, N.K., and Lee, C. W. (2002). Business process reengineering for health-care system using 

multicriteria mathematical programming. European Journal of Operational Research, 140(2), 447-458.

 

Lam, K., and Zhao, X. (1998). An application of quality function deployment to improve the quality 

of teaching. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 15(4), 389-413.

 

Law of Malaysia:Universities and Colleges Act. (2012). Universities and Colleges Act 1971, 

(August), 1–73.

 

Law, W. K., Chan, A. H. S., & Pun, K. F. (2006). Prioritising the safety management elements:  A  

hierarchical  analysis  for  manufacturing  enterprises.  Industrial Management     and     Data    

 Systems,     106(6),     778–792. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570610671470

 

Lawrence, S., & Sharma, U. (2002). Commodification of education and academic labour - Using the 

balanced scorecard in a university setting. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 13(5–6), 661–677. 

https://doi.org/10.1006/cpac.2002.0562

 

Lee, A. H. I., Chen, W. C., & Chang, C. J. (2008). A fuzzy AHP and BSC approach for evaluating 

performance of IT department in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan. Expert     Systems     with   

  Applications,     34(1),     96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.08.022

 

Lee, C.W., and Kwak, N. K. (1999). Information resource planning for a health-care system using an 

AHP-based goal programming method. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50(12), 1191-1198.

 

Lee Lam Thye. (2016). Schools must adopt OSH, (July 2016), 2018.

 

Leung, C. (2007). Development of Critical Success Factors and Assessment System for Coopetition  

Management.  Master  Thesis,  Department  of  Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management, 

City University of Hong Kong.

 

Levin, J. L., Gilmore, K., Shepherd, S., Wickman, A., Carruth, A., Nalbone, J. T., … Nonnenmann, M. 

W. (2010). Factors influencing safety among a group of commercial fishermen along the Texas Gulf 

coast. Journal of Agromedicine, 15(4),

363–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2010.509701

 

Li, W. (2011). Performance evaluation for private colleges and universities based on the balanced 

scorecard. 2011 International Conference on Management Science and     Industrial     Engineering,  

   MSIE     2011,     603–606. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSIE.2011.5707480

 

Liberatore, M. J., and R. L. Nydick. 1997. “Group Decision Making in Higher Education Using the 

Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Research in Higher Education 38: 593–614.

 

Liberatore, M. J., R. L. Nydick, and P. M. Sanchez. 1992. “The Evaluation of Research Papers (or 

How to Get an Academic Committee to Agree on Something).” Interfaces 22: 92–100.

 

Lin, J., Mills, A., Lin, J., & Mills, A. (2006). Measuring the occupational health and safety 

performance of construction companies in Australia.

 

Lingaswaran, Fadly, N., Suwardi, M., & Rasikumari. (2019). Safety Practices Evaluation Conceptual 

Model for Malaysian Public Universities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and 

Social Sciences, 9(5), 785–815. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i5/6008

 

Liu, L. B., Berger, P., Zeng, A., and Gerstenfeld, A. (2008). Applying the analytic hierarchy 

process to the offshore outsourcing location decision. Supply Chain Management, 13(6), 435-440.

 

Liu, X., Huang, G., Huang, H., Wang, S., Xiao, Y., & Chen, W. (2015). Safety climate, safety 

behavior, and worker injuries in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Safety Science, 78, 173–178. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.04.023

 

Lund, J., & Aarø, L. E. (2004). Accident prevention. Presentation of a model placing emphasis on 

human, structural and cultural factors. Safety Science (Vol. 42). 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(03)00045-6

 

Mahmoodzadeh, S., Shahrabi, J., Pariazar, M., and Zaeri, M. S. (2007). Project selection by using 

fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS technique. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 30.

 

Maidamisa, A.A, Ahmad, R., and Ismai, A.M. (2012). Selecting the appropriate decision alternatives 

using SM and AHP. International Journal of Computer Applications,37(10), 14-18.

 

Malczewski, J., Moreno-Sanchez, R., Bojorquez-Tapia, L.A., and OngayDelhumeau,

E. (1997). Multicriteria group decision-making model for environmental conflict analysis in the 

Cape Region, Mexico. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 40(3), 349-374.

 

Malhotra, N. K. (2009). Basic Marketing Research: A Decision Making Approach (3rd

editio). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

 

Malhotra, N., Krosnick, J. A., & Thomas, R. K. (2009). Optimal design of branching questions to 

measure bipolar constructs. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73(2), 304–324. 

https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfp023

 

Malladi, S., and Min, K.J. (2005). Decision support models for the selection of internet access 

technologies in rural communities. Telematics and Informatics, 22(3), 201- 219.

 

Masozera, M.K., Alavalapati, J.R.R., Jacobson, S.K., and Shrestha, R. K. (2006). Assessing the 

suitability of community-based management for the Nyungwe Forest Reserve, Rwanda. Forest Policy and 

Economics, 8(2), 206-216.

 

Maureen Debruyne, L. E. (2010). Mainstreaming occupational safety and health into university 

education. https://doi.org/10.2802/12315

 

Mazlina Zaira, M., & Hadikusumo, B. H. W. (2017). Structural equation model of integrated safety 

intervention practices affecting the safety behaviour of workers in the    construction    

industry.    Safety    Science,    98,    124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.06.007

 

Merkin, B. G. 1979. Group Choice, John Wiley & Sons, NY.

 

McCaughey, D., Halbesleben, J. R. B., Savage, G. T., Simons, T., & McGhan, G. E. (2013). Safety 

leadership: Extending workplace safety climate best practices across health care workforces. 

Advances in Health Care Management (Vol. 14). Emerald Group      Publishing      Limited.      

https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474- 8231(2013)00000140013

 

McNair, C. J., Lynch, R. L., & Cross, K. F. (1990). Do Financial and Nonfinancial Performance 

Measures Have to Agree? Management Accounting, 72(5), 28. Retrieved from 

http://search.proquest.com/docview/229739909?accountid=13598 LA - English

 

Mearns, K., & Ivar Håvold, J. (2003). Occupational health and safety and the balanced scorecard.    

 The     TQM     Magazine,     15(6),     408–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780310502741

 

Mearns, K., Hope, L., Ford, M. T., & Tetrick, L. E. (2010). Investment in workforce health: 

Exploring the implications for workforce safety climate and commitment. Accident    Analysis    and 

   Prevention,    42(5),    1445–1454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.009

 

Mearns, K., Whitaker, S. M., & Flin, R. (2003). Safety climate, safety management practice and 

safety performance in offshore environments. Safety Science, 41(8), 641–680. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(02)00011-5

 

Miles, MB & Huberman AM 1994, Qualitative data analysis, Sage Publications,

London, UK

 

Miller, DC & Salkind, NJ (2002), Handbook of research design and social measurement (6th ed.), 

Thousand Oaks & London: Sage Publications.

 

Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE). (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015- 2025  (Higher  

Education).  Ministry  of  Education  Malaysia,  2025,  40. 

https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijis.20120206.05

 

Ministry of Finance Malaysia. (2017). Anggaran Perbelanjaan Pembangunan MOHE Persekutuan 2018, 0, 

497–509.

 

Ministry of Human Resources. (2015). Occupational Safety And Health Master Plan For Malaysia 2015. 

Retrieved from http://ilo.ch/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/--- 

ro-bangkok/---sro-bangkok/documents/policy/wcms_182420.pdf

 

Misnan, M. S. (2011). Pembangunan Budaya Keselamatan Di Tempat Kerja. Penerbit UTM           Press. 

          Retrieved           from https://books.google.com.my/books?id=zvKc5wRPtUMC

 

Mohamed, S. (2003). Scorecard Approach to Benchmarking Organizational Safety Culture in 

Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 9364(February 2003). 

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2003)129

 

Mohd Armi, Latifah, Wan Nor AzminSulaiman and Rafikul Islam (2007). Application of the analytical 

hierarchy process (AHP) for selecting an appropriate solid waste treatment technology. 2nd national 

intelligent systems and information technology symposium (ISITS’07), Oct 30-31.

 

Mohd Hafiz Roslan, Nurul Fadly Habidin, Mohd Zaini Zainudin, Aqmar Nur Izzah Norazlan, S. A. H. 

(2014). Waste Management Practices and Organization Performance in Malaysian Healthcare Industries. 

Journal of Applied Science And Research, 2(JANUARY), 14–22.

 

Morrow, S. L., Kenneth Koves, G., & Barnes, V. E. (2014). Exploring the relationship between safety 

culture and safety performance in U.S. nuclear power operations. Safety Science, 69, 37–47. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.02.022

 

Nair,  M.  (2004).  Essentials  of  balanced  scorecard.  John  Wiley  &  Sons. 

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118386774

 

National Statistics. (2018). Education statistics in Great Britain, 2018. Great Britain: the    

Health    and    Safety    Executive.    Retrieved    from 

www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/industry/education.pdf

 

Nations, U. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.  Journal  

of  Chemical  Information  and  Modeling  (Vol.  53). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Nayeri, M. D., Mashhadi, M. M., & Mohajeri, K. (2008). Universities Strategic

Evaluation Using Balanced Scorecard. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, 

Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2(1), 25–30.

 

Neff, J. A., & Hoppe, S. K. (1993). Race/ethnicity, acculturation, and psychological distress: 

Fatalism and religiosity as cultural resources. Journal of Community Psychology,      21(1),      

3–20.      https://doi.org/10.1002/1520- 6629(199301)21:1<3::AID-JCOP2290210102>3.0.CO;2-9

 

Neville, C. (2007). Introduction to Research and Research Methods. Management, 44. Retrieved        

                              from

www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/management/external/els/pdf/introductiontoresearch.pd f - 2007-07-02

 

Neuman, WL (2006), Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Pearson, Allyn 

and Bacon, Boston, USA.

 

Newnam,  S.,  Goode,  N.,  Griffin,  M.,  &  Foran,  C.  (2016).  Defining  Safety Communication in 

the Workplace: An Observational Study. Retrieved from https://www.iscrr.com.au/  

data/assets/pdf_file/0006/497706/068-Defining- safety-communication-in-workplace.pdf

 

Nordlöf, H., Wiitavaara, B., Högberg, H., & Westerling, R. (2017). A cross-sectional study of 

factors influencing occupational health and safety management practices in      companies.      

Safety      Science,      95,      92–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.02.008

 

Nordlöf, H., Wiitavaara, B., Winblad, U., Wijk, K., & Westerling, R. (2015). Safety culture and 

reasons for risk-taking at a large steel-manufacturing company: Investigating  the  worker  

perspective.  Safety  Science,  73,  126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.020

 

Nørreklit, H. (2003). The Balanced Scorecard: what is the score? A rhetorical analysis of the 

Balanced Scorecard. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 28(6), 591– 619. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(02)00097-1

 

Nursyazwani Mohd Fuzi, Nurul Fadly Habidin, Auni Fatin Nadia Chiek Desa, Farah Izzaida Mohd Zamri 

and Siti Norhafizan Hibadullah. (2013). Corporate social responsibility practices, ISO 26000 

efforts and CSR performance in Malaysian automotive industry, 5(3), 277–293.

 

O’Neil, H. F., Bensimon, E. M., Diamond, M. A., & Moore, M. R. (2009). Designing and Implementing 

an Academic Scorecard. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 31(6), 32–40. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/00091389909604231

 

Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Dickinson, W. B., Leech, N. L., & Zoran, A. G. (2009). Toward more rigor in 

focus group research: A new framework for collecting and analyzing focus group data. International 

Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), 1–21.

https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800301

 

OSHA. (2014). HEALTH & SAFETY ORIENTATION GUIDE for Employers.

Retrieved                                     from

https://www.worksafenb.ca/media/1227/worksafenborientationguide_e-1.pdf

 

OSHA. (2015). OSHA Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines. Retrieved from www.osha.gov

 

OSHA. (2016). Recommended Practices for SafetyandHealth Programs. Retrieved from 

www.osha.gov/shpguidelinesOSHA3885

 

Otitolaiye, V. O. (2016). The mediating effect of safety management system on the relationship 

between safety culture and safety performance in lagos food and beverage manufacturing industries.

 

Ozdemir, M.S., and Gasimov, R. N., (2004). The analytic hierarchy process and multiobjective 0–1 

faculty course assignment. European Journal of Operational Research, 157(2), 398-408.

 

Özkan, B., Basligil, H., and Sahin, N. (2011). Supplier selection using analytic hierarchy process: 

An application from Turkey. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering. Vol II WCE 2011, July 

6 - 8, 2011, London, U.K.

 

Papalexandris, A., Ioaannou, G., Prastacos, G. P., & Soderquist, K. E. (2005). An integrated 

methodology for putting the balanced scorecard into action. European Management Journal, 23(2), 

214–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2005.02.004

 

Papalexandrou, M. A., P. A. Pilavachi, and A. I. Chatzimouratidis. 2008. “Evaluation of Liquid 

Bio-fuels Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection 86: 

360–374.

 

Partovi, F. Y., and Epperly, J. M. (1999). A quality function deployment approach to task  

organization  in  peacekeeping  forcedesign.  Socio-Economic  Planning Sciences, 33(2), 131-149.

 

Paurav Shukla. (2008). The Essentials of Marketing Research. The Essentials of Marketing Research. 

https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203182598

 

Peniwati, K. (1996). The analytic hierarchy process: the possibility theorem for group decision 

making. Proceeding of 4th International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Vancouver, 

Canada, July, 13th -15th, 202-214.

 

Pfeffer, J., & Fong, C. T. (2002). The End of Business Schools? Less Success Than Meets the Eye. 

Academy of Management Learning & Education, 1(1), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2002.7373679

 

Pickard, A. J. (2013). Research Methods in Information. Research Methods in

Information.

 

Pineno, C. J. (2004). Balanced Scorecard Applications and Model Building: A Survey and Comparison 

of the Manufactured Homes and Motor Homes Industries. Management   Accounting   Quarterly,   6(1),  

 21–28.   Retrieved   from 

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=15531521&site

=ehost-live&scope=site

 

Podgórski, D. (2015). Measuring operational performance of OSH management system

- A demonstration of AHP-based selection of leading key performance indicators.

Safety Science, 73, 146–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.11.018

 

Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2012). Predictors of safety behaviour among emergency responders  on  

the  highways.  Journal  of  Risk  Research,  15(4),  405–415. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2011.634519

 

Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating  scales:  

Reliability,  validity,  discriminating  power,  and  respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 

104(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-

6918(99)00050-5

 

Queensland, W. H. and S. (2013). Understanding safety culture. Retrieved from 

https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/  data/assets/pdf_file/0004/82705/understandin g-safety-culture.pdf

 

Racz, S. G., Breaz, R. E., & Cioca, L. I. (2019). Evaluating safety systems for machine tools with 

computer numerical control using analytic hierarchy process. Safety,

5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/safety5010014

 

R. Kaufman and, B., P. Cigularov, K., Chen, P., Hoffmeister, K., M. Gibbons, A., &

K. Johnson, S. (2014). Interactive effects of leader justice and support for safety on safety  

performance.  Journal  of  Organizational  Effectiveness:  People  and Performance, 1(3), 296–315. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-05-2014-0023

 

Radasch, D.K., and Kwak, N. K. (1998). An integrated mathematical programming model for offset 

planning. Computers and Operations Research, 25(12), 1069-1083.

 

Rafikul Islam. (2007). MBNQA criteria in education: Assigning weights from a Malaysian perspective 

and proposition for an alternative evaluation scheme. International transactions in operational 

research, 14(5), 373-394.

 

Rahman, n. h. b. a. (2016). Electrical safety practices : the case study of a utility company in 

malaysia.

 

Ramanathan, R. 2006. “Data Envelopment Analysis for Weight Derivation and Aggregation in the 

Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Computers & Operations Research 33: 1289–1307.

 

Ramanathan, R., and L. S. Ganesh. 1994. “A Multi-objective Evaluation of

Decentralized Electricity Generation Options Available to Urban Households.”

Energy Conversion and Management 35: 661–670.

 

Ravi, V., Shankar, R., & Tiwari, M. K. (2005). Analyzing alternatives in reverse logistics for 

end-of-life computers: ANP and balanced scorecard approach. Computers    and    Industrial    

Engineering,    48(2),    327–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2005.01.017

 

Reiman, A., Pedersen, L. M., Väyrynen, S., Sormunen, E., Airaksinen, O., Haapasalo, H., & Räsänen, 

T. (2017). Safety Training Parks – Cooperative Contribution to Safety and Health Trainings. 

International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 00(00), 1–23. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2017.1325793

 

Richard L. Lynch, K. F. C. (1995). Measure Up!: Yardsticks for Continuous Improvement. Scandinavian 

Journal  of Management  (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers Inc. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(91)90008-O

 

Robson, L. S., Clarke, J. A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P. L., … Mahood,  Q.  

(2007).  The  effectiveness  of  occupational  health  and  safety management system interventions: 

A systematic review. Safety Science, 45(3), 329–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.07.003

 

RoSPA.  (2018).  Managing  Safety  in  Schools  and  Colleges.  Retrieved  from 

https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/school-college- 

safety/managing-safety-schools-colleges.pdf

 

Rubin, H. J. & R. (2012). Qualitative Interviewing : The Art of Hearing Data. (Third Edit). 

Thousand Oaks,  California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from 

https://www.worldcat.org/title/qualitative-interviewing-the-art-of-hearing- data/oclc/1030717762

 

Rundmo, & Hale. (2003). Managers’ attitudes towards safety and accident prevention.

Safety Science, 41(7), 557–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00091-1

 

Sacks, R., Perlman, A., & Barak, R. (2013). Construction safety training using immersive virtual 

reality. Construction Management and Economics, 31(9), 1005– 1017. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2013.828844

Saaty, T. L. 1980. The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y. Saaty, T. L. 1986. 

Axiomatic Foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process,

Management Science, 32, 841-855.

 

Saaty, T. L., and L. G. Vargas. 1987. “Uncertainty and Rank Order in the Analytic Hierarchy 

Process.” European Journal of Operational Research 32: 107–117.

 

Saaty, T. L. 1990. An Exposition of the AHP in Reply to the Paper "Remarks on the

Analytic Hierarchy Process", Management Science, Vol. 36, No. 3, 259-268.

 

Saaty, T. L. 1991a. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process,

European Journal of Operations Research, Vol. 48, 9-26.

 

Saaty, T. L. 1991b. Rank and the Controversy About the Axioms of Utility Theory -- A Comparison of 

AHP and MAUT, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium of The Analytic Hierarchy Process, 

Pittsburgh, PA, 87-111.

 

Saaty, T. L. 1994a. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Interfaces, 24, 19-43.

 

Saaty, T. L. 1994b. Fundamentals of Decision Making, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA

 

Saaty, Thomas L.,1996. Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, 

PA, 1996.

 

Saaty, T. L., and L. G. Vargas. 1998. “Diagnosis with Dependent Symptoms: Bayes Theorem and the 

Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Operations Research 46: 491–502.

 

Saaty, T.L., Vargas, L.G., and Dellmann, K. (2003). The allocation of intangible resources: The 

analytic  hierarchy  process and  linear programming.  Socio- Economic Planning Sciences, 37(3), 

169-184.

 

Saaty, T. L., & Sodenkamp, M. (2010). The Analytic Hierarchy and Analytic Network Measurement  

Processes:  The  Measurement  of  Intangibles,  1(1),  91–166. 

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92828-7_4

 

Saudi, M. H. B. M. (2014). The effects of the performance management system and the organisational 

culture on the employees attitude in Malaysian government statutory bodies : a case study of Majlis 

Amanah Rakyat (MARA) Publication details. Retrieved                                       from

https://epubs.scu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1390&context=theses

 

Saudi,  M.  H.  M.  (2017).  The  Effect  of  Performance  Management  System Implementation: The 

Case of a Malaysian Service Organisation. Australasian Journal of Business, Social Science and 

Information Technology  (Vol. 2). Retrieved from 

http://www.ajbssit.net.au/index.php/AJBSSIT/article/view/9/9

 

Saudi, M. H. M., & International. (2016). The Effects of Balanced Scorecard Implementation: The 

Case of A Malaysian Service Organization from Internal Business  Processes  Perspective.  Journal  

of  Technology  and  Operations Management, 11(2), 108–126.

 

Saunders, L. W., McCoy, A. P., Kleiner, B. M., Lingard, H., Cooke, T., Mills, T., … Wakefield, R. 

(2016). International benchmarking for performance improvement in construction safety and health. 

Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(4),

916–936. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2013-0105

 

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business

Students(5th ed). Research methods for business students.

 

Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., & Fong, D. (1999). Factors affecting safety performance on construction 

sites Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. International   Journal   of   

Project   Management,   17(5),   309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(98)00042-8

 

Schniederjans, M. J., and Garvin, T. (1997). Using the analytic hierarchy process and 

multi-objective programming for the selection of cost drivers in activity-based costing. European 

Journal of Operational Research, 100(1), 72-80.

 

Schroeder, A., Pennington-Gray, L., Donohoe, H., & Kiousis, S. (2013). Using Social Media in Times 

of Crisis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1–2), 126–

143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.751271

 

Sekaran, U, & Bougie, R. (2009). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach.  New  

York :  John  Wiley  &  Sons.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0024- 6301(93)90168-F

 

Sekaran, Uma, & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business.  Wiley, (September), 1–407. 

https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1419.3126

 

Shin, D. P., Gwak, H. S., & Lee, D. E. (2015). Modeling the predictors of safety behavior in 

construction workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 21(3), 298–311. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1085164

 

Shirouyehzad, H., Mokhatab Rafiee, F., Berjis, N., hirouyehzad H, Mokhatab Rafiee F, B. N., 

Shirouyehzad, H., Mokhatab Rafiee, F., & Berjis, N. (2017). Performance evaluation and 

prioritization of organizations based on knowledge management and safety management approaches 

using DEA A case study. Journal of Modelling in Management, 12,(1 (2017)), 77–95. 

https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-03-2015-0010

 

Shrestha, R. K., Alavalapati, J. R. R., and Kalmbacher, R. S. (2004). Exploring the potential for 

silvopasture adoption in south-central Florida: An application of SWOT-AHP method. Agricultural 

Systems 81 (3), 185–199.

 

Sibbet, D. (1997). 75 Years of Management Ideas and Practice: 1922-1997. Harvard Business     

Review,     75(5),     2–12.     Retrieved     from 

http://gateway.library.qut.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp 

x?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=9709104166&site=ehost-live

 

Siew, R. Y. J. (2015). Health and safety communication strategy in a Malaysian construction 

company: A case study. International Journal of Construction Management, 15(4), 310–320. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2015.1084469

 

Sinelnikov, S., Inouye, J., & Kerper, S. (2015). Using leading indicators to measure

occupational health and safety performance. Safety Science, 72, 240–248.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.010

 

Smith, T. D., Eldridge, F., & DeJoy, D. M. (2016). Safety-specific transformational and passive 

leadership influences on firefighter safety climate perceptions and safety    behavior    outcomes. 

   Safety    Science,    86,    92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.02.019

 

Salomon, V. A. P., and Montevechi, J. A. B. (2001). A compilation of comparison on the analytic 

hierarchy process and others multiple criteria decision making: some cases developed in Brazil. 

Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Bern, Swiss.

 

Speklé, R. F., & Verbeeten, F. H. M. (2014). The use of performance measurement systems in the 

public sector: Effects on performance. Management Accounting Research, 25(2), 131–146. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2013.07.004

 

Stannard, B., and Zahir, S. (2006). Application of analytic hierarchy process in multi- objective 

mixed integer programming for aircraft capacity planning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational 

Research, 23(1), 61-76.

 

Storey, A. (2002). Performance management in schools: Could the Balanced Scorecard help?   School   

Leadership   and   Management,   22(3),   321–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243022000020435

 

Strauch, B. (2015). Can we examine safety culture in accident investigations, or should we? Safety 

Science, 77, 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.03.020

 

Subramaniam, C., Mohd, F., Shamsudin, M., Lazim, M., Zin, S., Sri, R., & Zuraida, H. (2016). Safety 

management practices and safety compliance in small medium enterprises: Mediating role of safety 

participation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration  International  Journal  Iss  

Asia-Pacific  Journal  of  Business Administration     Iss,     8(3),     226–244.     Retrieved    

 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-02-2016-0029

 

Swann, A., Donnell, A. M. O., & Southworth, P. (n.d.). Guidance on the Provision of Occupational 

Health Services for Higher Education Institutions.

 

Tabish, S. Z. S., & Jha, K. N. (2015). POINT of VIEW Success factors for safety performance in 

public construction projects. Indian Concrete Journal, 89(2), 58– 72.

 

Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument ; How to Test the 

Validation of a Questionnaire / Survey in a Research. International Journal of   Academic   

Research   in   Management   (IJARM),   5(3),   28–36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040

 

Tahriri, F., Osman, M.R., Ali, A., Yusuff, R., and Esfandiary, A. (2008). AHP approach

for supplier evaluation and selection in a steel manufacturing company. Journal Of

Industrial Engineering and Management, 1(2), 54-76.

 

Tang, B., & Doolen. (2012). Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Analytic Hierarchy  Process  

(AHP)  Decision  Tool,  5(221),  19.  Retrieved  from 

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/abc/dmtool/software_manual.pdf

 

Tavana, M., M. Zareinejad, D. Di Caprio, and M. A. Kaviani. 2016. “An Integrated Intuitionistic 

Fuzzy AHP and SWOT Method for Outsourcing Reverse Logistics.” Applied Soft Computing 40: 544–557.

 

Taylor III, F., Ketcham, A., and Hoffman, D. (1998). Personnel evaluation with AHP. Management 

Decision, 36(10), 679-685.

 

Teo, E. A. L., Ling, F. Y. Y., & Chong, A. F. W. (2005). Framework for project managers  to  manage 

 construction  safety.  International  Journal  of  Project Management, 23(4), 329–341. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.09.001

 

Thomas, M. (Australian T. S. B. (2012). A systematic review of the effectiveness of safety     

management     systems,     46.     Retrieved     from 

http://www.atsb.gov.au/media/4053559/xr2011002_final.pdf

 

Timmerman, G. (2003). Sexual harassment of adolescents perpetrated by teachers and by peers: An 

exploration of the dynamics of power, culture, and gender in secondary     schools.     Sex     

Roles,     48(5–6),     231–244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022821320739

 

Tonge, R., Larsen, P., & Pepper, J. (2000). Balanced scorecards and the FTSE 100: exploratory 

research. International Journal of Business Performance Management, 2(4), 293–310. 

https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBPM.2000.000085

 

Toppazzini, M. A., & Wiener, K. K. K. (2017). Making workplaces safer: The influence of 

organisational climate and individual differences on safety behaviour. Heliyon, 3(6), e00334. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00334

 

Trinchero, E., Farr-Wharton, B., & Brunetto, Y. (2018). A social exchange perspective for achieving 

safety culture in healthcare organizations. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 

32(2), 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-

2017-0168

 

Trochim, W. M. K. (2006). Research Methods Knowledge Base. Retrieved from 

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/index.php

 

Tsamenyi,  M.,  Onumah,  J.,  &  Tetteh-Kumah,  E.  (2010).  Post-privatization performance and 

organizational changes: Case studies from Ghana. Critical Perspectives      on      Accounting,     

 21(5),      428–442.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.002

 

Tseng, M. (2010). Implementation and performance evaluation using the fuzzy network balanced   

scorecard.   Computers   &   Education,   55(1),   188–201. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.01.004

 

Turner, J. A., & Behm, M. G. (2017). How is Safety-II Being Applied in Practice and is        it    

    Working?        Retrieved        from 

http://thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/6532/Turner-Mastersthesis- 

2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

 

Ukko, J., Tenhunen, J., & Rantanen, H. (2007). Performance measurement impacts on management  and  

leadership:  Perspectives  of  management  and  employees. International  Journal   of  Production  

Economics,  110(1–2),   39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.02.008

 

Umayal Karpagam, P. L., & Suganthi, L. (2013). Performance measurement of organisations: A review 

of balanced scorecard technique. International Journal of Business     Performance     Management,  

   14(2),     129–148. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBPM.2013.052940

 

Upadhaya, B., Munir, R., & Blount, Y. (2014). Association between performance measurement systems 

and organisational effectiveness. International Journal of Operations    and    Production    

Management,    34(7),    853–875. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-02-2013-0091

 

Van Den Hornert, R. C.,and Lootsa, F. A. (1996). Group preference aggregation in the multiplicative 

AHP: The model of the group  decision process and Pareto optimality. European Journal of operation 

research, 96(2), 363-370.

 

Varmazyar, S., Mortazavi, S. B., Arghami, S., & Hajizadeh, E. (2016). Relationship between 

organisational safety culture dimensions and crashes. International Journal  of  Injury  Control  

and  Safety  Promotion,  23(1),  72–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2014.947296

 

Vredenburgh, A. G. (2002). Organizational safety: Which management practices are most effective in 

reducing employee injury rates? Journal of Safety Research, 33(2), 259–276. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00016-6

 

Venables, K. M., & Allender, S. (2006). Occupational health needs of universities : a review  with  

an  emphasis  on  the  United  Kingdom,  211(5),  310–315. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.022145

 

Vollenhoven, N. E. N. and W. J. van. (2002). School saefty in rural schools: Are schools as safe as 

we think they are? South African Journal of Education, 22(4), 313–318.

 

Volz, E., & Heckathorn, D. (2008). Probability based estimation theory for respondent

driven sampling. Journal of Official Statistics, 24(1), 79–97.

 

Vredenburgh, A. G. (2002). Organizational safety: Which management practices are most effective in 

reducing employee injury rates? Journal of Safety Research, 33(2), 259–276. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00016-6.

 

Wachter, J. K., & Yorio, P. L. (2014). A system of safety management practices and worker 

engagement for reducing and preventing accidents: An empirical and theoretical  investigation.  

Accident  Analysis  and  Prevention,  68,  117–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.029

 

Wadsworth, E. J. K., & Smith, A. P. (2009). Safety culture, advice and performance.

Iosh, 3996(October). https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2009.11667726

 

Wadsworth, E., Smith, A., & Psychol, F. C. (2016). Policy and Practice in Health and Safety   

Safety   Culture   ,   Advice   and   Performance,   3996(May). 

https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2009.11667726

 

Wang, G., Huang, S. H., and Dismukes, J. P. (2004). Product-driven supply chain selection  using  

integrated  multi-criteria  decision-  making  methodology. International Journal of Production 

Economics, 91(1),1–15.

 

Wang, Y.M., Yang, J.B., and Xu, D. L. (2006). Environmental impact assessment using the evidential 

reasoning approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 174(3), 1885–1913.

 

Wan Ismail, W. S. (2012). Kesedaran Keselamatan Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara 

di Lembah Kelang, 1–43.

 

Weijters, B., Cabooter, E., & Schillewaert, N. (2010). The effect of rating scale format on 

response styles: The number of response categories and response category labels.  International  

Journal  of  Research  in  Marketing,  27(3),  236–247. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2010.02.004

 

Wernerfelt, B. (1995). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after. Strategic Management 

Journal, 16(3), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250160303

 

Whitmore, R. W., Byron, M. Z., Clayton, C. A., Thomas, K. W., Zelon, H. S., Pellizzari, E. D., … 

Quackenboss, J. J. (1999). Sampling design, response rates, and analysis weights for the National 

Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in EPA Region 5. Journal of Exposure Analysis and 

Environmental Epidemiology, 9(5), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500054

 

Wu, C.-R., C.-T. Lin, & P.-H. Tsai. 2011. Financial service sector performance measurement model: 

AHP sensitivity analysis and balanced scorecard approach. The Service Industries Journal, 31, 

695–711.

 

Wu, H. Y., Lin, Y. K., & Chang, C. H. (2011). Performance evaluation of extension education centers 

in universities based on the balanced scorecard. Evaluation and Program          Planning,          

34(1),          37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.06.001

 

Yang, T., & C. Kuo. (2003). A hierarchical AHP/DEA methodology for the facilities layout design 

problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 147, 128–136.

 

Yang, C., Wang, Y., Chang, S., Guo, S., & Huang, M. (2010). A study on the leadership behavior , 

safety culture , and safety performance of the healthcare industry. International Journal of 

Behavioral, Cognitive, Educational, and Psychological Sciences, 2, 87–94.

 

Yüksel, H., & Coskun, A. (2013). Strategy focused schools: An implementation of the balanced 

scorecard in provision of educational services. Procedia - Social and Behavioral         Sciences,  

       106,         2450–2459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.282

 

Yurdakul, M. (2004). Selection of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies using a combined 

analytic hierarchy process and goal programming model. Robotics and Computer-Integrated 

Manufacturing, 20(4), 329-340.

 

Zahoor, H., Chan, A. P. C., Utama, W. P., & Gao, R. (2015). A Research framework for investigating 

the relationship between safety climate and safety performance in the construction of multi-storey 

buildings in Pakistan. Procedia Engineering, 118, 581–589. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.488

 

Zavadskas, E. K., Z. Turskis, and J. Tamosaitiene. 2011. “Selection of Construction Enterprises 

Management Strategy Based on the SWOT and Multi-criteria Analysis. Archives of Civil and Mechanical 

Engineering, 11, 1063–1082.

 

Zeydan, M., Çolpan, C., & Çobanoglu, C. (2011). A combined methodology for supplier selection and 

performance evaluation. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 2741–2751.

 

Zhang, S., Teizer, J., Lee, J.-K., Eastman, C. M., & Venugopal, M. (2013). Building information 

modeling (BIM) and safety: Automatic safety checking of construction models  and  schedules.  

Automation  in  Construction,  29,  183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.05.006

 

Zhao, D., & Lucas, J. (2015). Virtual reality simulation for construction safety promotion. 

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 22(1), 57–67. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2013.861853

 

Zheng, G., Zhu, N., Tian, Z., Chen, Y., & Sun, B. (2012). Application of a trapezoidal fuzzy AHP 

method for work safety evaluation and early warning rating of hot and humid    environments.    

Safety    Science,    50(2),    228–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.042

 

Zhou, Z., Cheng, S., and Hua, B. (2000). Supply chain optimization of continuous process industries 

with sustainability considerations. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 24(2–7), 1151-1158.

 

Zhou, A Y, Carder, M., Hussey, L., Gittins, M., & Agius, R. (2017). Differential reporting of 

work-related mental ill-health in doctors. Occupational Medicine, (August), 522–527. 

https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx109

 

Zhou, Anli Yue, Carder, M., Gittins, M., & Agius, R. (2017). Work-related ill health in doctors 

working in Great Britain: Incidence rates and trends. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2000, 1–7. 

https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.117.202929

 

Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2009). Business Research Methods.    

South-Western,    Cengage    Learning,    8(1),    1–18. https://doi.org/9781285401188

 

Zikovic, S. (2015). The role of occupational safety and health specialist in safety promotion and 

implementation ??? case study. International Journal of Injury Control     and     Safety     

Promotion,     22(2),     177–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2013.877938

 

Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied.

Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 96–102.

 

Zwetsloot, G., Leka, S., & Kines, P. (2017). Vision zero: From accident prevention to the promotion 

of health, safety and well-being at work. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 15(2), 88–100. 

https://doi.org/10.1080/14773996.2017.1308701

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.