UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The aim of this study was to investigate dysfunctional marital relationships in Edward
Albee's plays using psychoanalytic analysis. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Ballad of The Sad
Café, A Delicate Balance and The Goat, or Who IS Sylvia? were Albee's plays that were selected for
this study. A Freudian psychoanalytic theory of personality was used to examine the psyches of the
couples' characters in order to reveal the psychological reasons behind their dysfunctional marital
relationships. The findings of the study exposed that each one of married couples has undergone
traumatic experiences in the past, a matter which affected their personalities. The spouses
suffered from turbulent childhood, intrapsychic conflicts, unresolved complexes, and sexual
deviations. Consequently, most of them were dominated by the id and have weak superegos. Besides,
the study uncovered the connection between Albee's personal life and the selected plays, and showed
his attitudes towards the lifestyle of the American society. The study revealed that the selected
plays were flashbacks that revisit Albee's own pains, wounds and traumas. The playwright sublimated
his distress into writing where he expressed his sad memories, repressed desires, wishes and
disclosed his psyche. Further, the study displayed that Albee was discontent with the American
civilized society where the very concept of love has been distorted and corrupted. In conclusion,
the Freudian psychoanalytic reading of husband/wife characters in Albee's selected plays can help
to understand the psychological dimensions of human personality and make the reader aware of the
unconscious psychological forces which control people's psyches, leading to their perverse
behaviours and unacceptable actions. The study implicates that introducing Albee’s plays as case
studies would assist therapists and psychoanalysts in diagnosing and treating married couples who
are emotionally disturbed or psychologically
troubled.
|
References |
Abde Alhadi, A. S. (2015). A Critical Analysis of contemporary social issues in selected plays of Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Abdelli, F. (2009). Harold Pinter, Edward Albee and Leroi Jones: Their ideas of the absurd (Master's thesis). Retrieved from www.ummto.dz/IMG/pdf/ABDELLI_Fatima.pdf
Abdelsamie, A. M. (2013). Ageing and the sense of loss in Edward Albee's a delicate balance (1966). Bulletin of The Faculty of Arts, 35, 1-19.
Adams, M. (1985). Edward Albee’s who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? New York, NY: Barron's Educational Series.
Adler, T. P. (2005). Albee‘s 31/2: The Pulitzer plays. In Bottoms, S. (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Edward Albee (pp. 75-90). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Agafitei, A. (2014). Edward Albee and Arthur Kopit: Look who‘s wearing the pants!. Cultural Intertexts, 1, (1-2), 12-19. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=585426
Albee, E. (1962). Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?. London: Vintage Books.
Albee, E. (1963a). "Preface" The American dream and the zoo story. New York, NY: The New American Library.
Albee, E. (1963b). The Ballad of the sad café. New York, NY: Dramatists Play Service.
Albee, E. (1966). A delicate balance. USA: Penguin Books.
Albee, E. (2005a). The goat, or who is Sylvia? (Notes toward a Definition of Tragedy). Woodstock: The Overlook Press, Peter Mayer Publishers.
Albee, E. (2005b). Stretching my mind. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf Publishers. Retrieved from https://books. google.com/books
Albee, E. & Adler, T. P. (1973) Albee‘s who‘s afraid of Virginia Woolf?: A long night‘s journey into day. Educational Theatre Journal, 25(1), 66-70.
Anand, J. A. (2015). Humanitarian concerns in the select plays of Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Anderson, R. T. (2013). Marriage: what it is, why it matters, and the consequences of redefining it. The Heritage Foundation, 1-12. Retrieved from http://report.heritage.org/bg2775
Aras, G. (2015). Personality and individual differences: Literature in psychology- psychology in literature. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 250- 257. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com
Aronson, A. (2000). American theatre in context: 1945-present. In Wilmeth, D. & Bigsby, C. (Eds.). The Cambridge history of American theatre. Volume Three: Post-World War II to the 1990s (pp. 87-162). USA: Cambridge University Press.
Bailin, D. (2006). Our kind: Albee‘s animals in seascape and the goat, or who is Sylvia?. Journal of American Drama and Theatre, 18(1), 5-23.
Balakrishnan, D. (1988). Home and the world in the plays of Edward Albee and Neil Simon (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Baumeister, R. F., Dale, K. & Sommer, K. L. (1998). Freudian defense mechanisms and empirical findings in modern social psychology: Reaction formation, projection, displacement, undoing, isolation, sublimation, and denial. Journal of Personality, 66(6), 1081-1124. doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00043
Behrendt, R. (2016). Self-preservation at the center of personality: Superego and ego ideal in the regulation of safety. USA: Vernon Press.
Bierhaus, J. R. (1974). Strangers in a room: A delicate balance revisited. Modern Drama, 17(2), 199–206. doi.org/10.3138/md.17.2.199
Bigsby, C. W. E. (1967). Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? Edward Albee's morality play. Journal of American Studies, 1(2), 257-268. doi:10.1017/ S002187580000788X
Bigsby, C. W. E. (1968). The strategy of madness: An analysis of Edward Albee's a delicate balance. Contemporary Literature, 9(2), 223-235. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1207493
Bigsby, C. W. E. (1982). A critical introduction to twentieth-century American drama, Vol. 1, 1900-1940. Cambridge University Press.
Bigsby, C. W. E. (1984). A Critical introduction to twentieth- century American drama 2. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books
Bigsby, C. W. E. (1985). A Critical introduction to twentieth century American drama, Vol Ill. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Bigsby, C. W. E. (2004). Modern American drama 1945-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Block, A. D. & Adriaens, P. R. (2013). Pathologizing sexual deviance: A history. Journal of Sex Research, 50(3-4), 276-298. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.738259
Bloom, H. (Ed.). (2005). Modern Critical Interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café. USA: Chelsea House.
Blos, J. (1991). Sadomasochism and the defense against recall of painful affect. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 39(2), 417-429. doi: 10.1177/000306519103900206
Blum, H. P. (1969). A psychoanalytic view of who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association 17(3), 888-903. doi:10.1177/00030651691700311#
Boeree, C. G. (2006). Personality theories: Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/perscontents.html
Bottoms, S. (2000). Albee: who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?: Plays in production. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
Bottoms, S. (2005). Albee's monster children: Adaptations and confrontations. In Bottoms, S. (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Edward Albee (pp. 127- 147). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1957). Studies on Hysteria. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Brooks, E. B. (1966). The theatre of the absurd (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses
Broughton, P. R. (2005). Rejection of the feminine in Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café. Carson McCu lers‘ literary ba lad. In Bloom, H.(Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 21- 30). USA: Chelsea House.
Bucci, W. (1997). Psychoanalysis and cognitive science: A multiple code theory. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Bumpass, L. L. (1990). What‘s happening to the family? interactions between demographic and institutional change. Demography, 27, 483-498.
Cardu lo, B. (1984). Pinter‘s the homecoming and Albee‘s a delicate balance. The Explicator, 42(4), 54-56. doi: 10.1080/00144940.1984.11483811
Cervone, D. & Pervin, P. L. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th ed.). USA: Wiley.
Chaudhuri, U. (2003). Animal geographies: Zooesis and the space of modern drama. Modern Drama, 46(4), 646-662. doi: 10.1353/mdr.2003.0022
Cherlin, A. J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 848-861.
Chiu, C. (2012). Freud on Shakespeare: An approach to psychopathetic characters. Chang Gung Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(1), 33-56.
Clifton, L. (2013). Love is not enough. In De Waal, A. (Ed.), The meaning of matrimony: debating same-sex marriage (pp. 91-101). London: Civitas.
Cloninger, S. C. (2004). Theories of personality: Understanding persons (4th ed.). USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Clum, J. M. (2005). Withered age and stale custom: Marriage, diminution, and sex in tiny Alice, a delicate balance, and finding the sun. In Bottoms, S. (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Edward Albee (pp. 59-74). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Cohn, R. (1971). Dialogue in American drama. Bloomington: India University Press. Cohn, R. (2006). The verbal murders of Edward Albee. In Murphy, B. & Cella, L. J. C. (Eds.), Twentieth century American drama (pp. 82-97). New York, NY: Routledge. Coontz, S. (2007). The origins of modern divorce. Family Process, 46(1), 7-16. Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (9th ed.). Australia: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
Correa, J. M. (1995). Laying the queen of spades: The authorial games in who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://acervodigital.ufpr.br/bitstream/handle/1884/24392/D%20- %20CORREA%2C%20JOSE%20MARCIO.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Cott, N. F. (2000). Public vows: A history of marriage and the nation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Cramer, P. (2006). Protecting the self: Defense mechanisms in action. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Cristian, R. M. (2006a). Identity at thresholds and American dramatic frames: Paula Vogel‘s how I learned to drive and Edward Albee‘s the goat or who is Sylvia? In Vöö, G. (Ed.), Papers in English literary and cultural studies special issue on American studies: Fromleis, borderlines, and frames (pp. 166-177). University of Pécs.
Cristian, R. M. (2006b). From delicate absence to presence: The child in Edward Albee's alternating families. Americana E-journal of American Studies in Hungary, II(2). Retrieved from http://americanaejournal.hu/vol2no2/cristian- essay
Crockatt, P. (2006). Freud‘s on narcissism: An introduction. Journal Of Child Psychotherapy, 32(1), 4-20. doi: 10.1080/00754170600563638
Curry, C. B. (1972). A Rhetorical analysis of Edward Albee's Tiny Alice (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/grad_theses
Daugherty, J. & Copen, C. (2016). Trends in attitudes about marriage, childbearing, and sexual behavior: United States, 2002, 2006–2010, and 2011–2013. Retrieved from National health statistics reports; no 92: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/govdelivery.htm
Davis, W. A. (1994). Get the guests: Psychoanalysis, modern American drama and the audience. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Debusscher, G. (1967). Edward Albee: Tradition and renewal. Brussels: Center for American Studies.
Dobie, A. B. (2011). Theory into practice: An introduction to literary criticism. USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Dodes, L. (2002). The heart of addiction: A new approach to understanding and managing alcoholism and other addictive behaviors. New York, NY: HarperCollins publishers.
Dogra, O. P. (1987). Theme of illusion and reality in Edward Albee's plays. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Dollimore, J. (1991). Sexual dissidence: Augustine to Wilde, Freud to Foucault. Oxford: OUP.
Dozier, R. J. (1968). Adultery and disappointment in who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?. Modern Drama, 11(4), 432-436. doi: 10.1353/mdr.1968.0032
Dukore, B. F. (1965). A warp in Albee's Woolf. The Southern Speech Journal, 30(3), 261-268. doi: 10.1080/10417946509371784
Dysfunctional. (2009). In The Longman dictionary of Contemporary English (5th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ldoceonline.com/Psychology,%20psychiatry.../dysfunctional
Dysfunctional. (2011). In American heritage® dictionary of the English language (5th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dysfunctional
Eby, C. V. (2007). Fun and games with George and Nick: Competitive masculinity in who‘s afraid of Virginia Woolf?. Modern Drama, 50(4), 601-619. doi: 10.1353/mdr.0.0005
Edmundson, M. L. (2005). Marriage myths and dysfunctional relationship beliefs among undergraduates (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1866
Ehrmann, E. (2005). Sadomasochism according to Freud's psychosexual stages of development theory. Culture, Society and Praxis Journal, 4(1), 95-103.
Elliott, A. (2015). Psychoanalysis in sociology. In International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed., Vol.19, pp. 330-335). Adelaide: University of South Australia.
Engler, B. (2014). Personality theories: An introduction (9th ed.). USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Esslin, M. (1965). Absurd drama-introduction to absurd drama. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Esslin, M. (1983). The theatre of absurd middle sex. England: Penguin Books.
Ewen, R. B. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality (6th ed.). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Falsafi, P., Khorashadb, S. & Abedin, A. (2011). Psychological analysis of the movie "who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?" by using Jungian archetypes. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 999-1002. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com
Faulkner, R. (2002). Gender-related influences on marital satisfaction and marital conflict over time for husbands and wives (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/faulkner_rhonda_a_200212_phd
Feist, J. & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). USA: The McGraw−Hill Companies.
Ferguson, H. (2005). The lure of dreams: Sigmund Freud and the construction of modernity. London: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Florescu, C. F. (2011). Who is not Sylvia? A character analysis of Stevie from Edward Albee's the goat, or who is Sylvia? The Anachronist, 16, 135-151.
Fowler, D. (2005). Carson McCu lers‘s primal scenes: The ballad of the sad café. In Bloom, H. (Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 105-117). USA: Chelsea House.
Fraher, K. (2006). Self-sacrifice to self-interest. Just how did we get to be this selfish? Marriage And Family, 27-29.
Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. In You're getting defensive again! (pp. 237-241). New York, NY: International Universities Press.
Freud, A. (1993). The ego and the mechanisms of defense ( Rev. ed.). London: Karnac Books.
Freud, S. (1905). Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Freud, S. (1908). Civilized sexual morality and modern nervous illness. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol.9, pp. 179-204). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1919a). The uncanny. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1919b). Totem and taboo: Resemblances between the psychic lives of savages and neurotics. London: George Routledge & Sons.
Freud, S. (1924). The dissolution of the Oedipus complex. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 171-180). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1925). Some psychological consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. In Philip R. (Ed.), Sexuality and the psychology of love (pp. 183-193). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Freud, S. (1936). A disturbance of memory on the Acropolis. London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1953). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. In Strachey, J. (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 7, pp. 130-243). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1959). Libidinal types. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), Collected papers (Vol. 5, Chapter XXIII). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1960). The ego and the id. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (pp. 3-48). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Freud, S. (1961a). Civilization and its discontents. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud. London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1961b). Beyond the pleasure principle. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 24, pp. 1-59). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Freud, S. (1961c). Female sexuality. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 21, pp. 225-243). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1963a). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vols. 15 & 16). London: The Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1963b). Some psychological consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. In Philip, R. (Ed.), Sexuality and the psychology of love (pp. 183-193). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Freud, S. (1963c). The unconscious. In Philip, R. (Ed.), General psychological theory: Papers on metapsychology (pp. 116-150). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Freud, S. (1964). New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 22, pp. 3–182). London: The Hogarth Press. Freud, S. (1965). The psychopathology of everyday life. London: The Hogarth Press. Freud, S. (1995). The economic problems of masochism. In Hanly, M. A. (Ed.), Essential papers on masochism (pp. 274-285). New York, NY: New York university Press.
Freud, S. (2004). Three contributions to the theory of sex. In Jelliffe, S. & White, W. (Eds.), Nervous and mental disease monograph series (2nd ed., pp. 4-75). New York, NY: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.blackmask.com.
Freud, S. (2009). Mourning and melancholia. In Fiorini, L. G., Bokanowski, T. & Lewkowicz, S. (Eds.), On Freud's mourning and melancholia (pp. 19-34). London: Karnac Books.
Freud, S. (2010). The interpretation of dreams. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The complete and definitive text (pp. 35-619). New York, NY: Basic Books.
Freud, S. (2012). On narcissism: An introduction. In Sandler, J., Person, E. S. & Fonagy, P. (Eds.), Freud’s ''On narcissism: An introduction'' (pp. 3-32). London: Karnac Books.
Freud, S. (2013a). Creative writers and day-dreaming. In Person, E. S., Fonagy, P. & Figueira, S. A. (Eds.), On Freud's creative writers and daydreaming (pp. 1- 13). London: Karnac Books.
Freud, S. (2013b). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. In Arbiser, S. & Schneider, J. (Eds.), On Freud's -inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety? (pp. 11-99). London: Karnac Books.
Freud, S. (2016). Three essays on the theory of sexuality (Rev. ed.). In Haute, P. & Westerink, H. (Eds.), Three essays on the theory of sexuality (pp. 54-113). London: Verso books.
Friedman, H. S. & Schustack, M. W. (2016). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (6th ed.). USA: Pearson Education.
Furnham, A. (2012). Lay understandings of defense mechanisms: The role of personality traits and gender. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 17(6), 723– 734. doi:10.1080/13548506.2012.663922
Gabriner, P. (2007). 20th Century American drama: A background for Albee and others. A lecture presented for the Studium Generale at Leiden University. Retrieved from media.leidenuniv.nl/.../lezing%2020th%20century%20american%20...
Gaffal, M. (2010). Psychosocial and legal perspectives of marital breakdown. London: Springer.
Gagnier, T. & Robertiello, R. C. (1993). Sado-masochism as a defense against merging: Six case studies. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 23(3), 183-192.
Gainor, J. E. (2005). Albee‘s the goat: Rethinking tragedy for the 21st Century. In Bottoms, S. (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Edward Albee (pp.199- 216). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gallagher, M. (2003). What marriage is for. Weekly Standard, 008(45), 377-382. Retrieved from https://www.weeklystndard.com/content/public/articles/000/000/002/939pxid a.asp>
Gandouz, O. (2018). Who can keep learning [the linguistic] games we play? Linguistic games and the parody of contemporary American culture in Edward Albee‘s who‘s afraid of Virginia Woolf. Journal of literature, culture and literary translation, (1), 1-17. doi: 10.15291/sic/1.9.lc.2
Garber, M. (2000). Bisexuality and the eroticism of everyday life. New York, NY: Routledge.
Garssen, B. (2007). Repression: Finding our way in the maze of concepts. Journal of Behav Med, (30),471-481. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9122-7
George, T. (2016). Three by Edward Albee: A dramaturgical discussions (Honors Thesis). Retrieved from https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/6085
Ghosh, S. (2013). Lack of communication in Pinter, Albee and Badal Sircar (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Gilchrist, J. (2011). Right at the meat of things: Virginia Woolf in who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?. Women's Studies: An interdisciplinary journal, 40(7), 853- 872. doi: 10.1080/00497878.2011.603609
Gillespie, T. (2010). Doing literary criticism: Helping students engage with challenging texts. Stenhouse publishers.
Gillies, V. (2003). Family and intimate relationships: A review of the sociological research. London: South Bank University.
Girard, R. (1965). Pathways to Madness. New York, NY: Random House.
Giugliano, J. R. (2003). A Psychoanalytic overview of excessive sexual behavior and addiction. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 10, 275–290. doi: 10.1080/10720160390268979
Gleeson-White, S. (2005). Two bodies in one: The heart is a lonely hunter and the ballad of the sad café. In Bloom, H.(Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 119-139). USA: Chelsea House.
Gottman, J. M. (1998). Psychology and the study of marital processes. Annual Reviews, 49, 169-917. doi: 0066-4308/98/0201-0169$08.00
Gottman, J. M. & Levenson, R. W. (1999). Dysfunctional marital conflict: Women are being unfairly blamed. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 31(3/4),1-17. Retrieved from http://www.haworthpressinc.com>
Gottman, J. M. & Driver J., L. (2005). Dysfunctional marital conflict and everyday marital interaction. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 43(3/4),63-77. doi:10.1300/J087v43n03_04
Gross, R. F. (2005). Like father, like son: The ciphermale in a delicate balance and Malcolm. In Mann, B. J., Edward Albee: A casebook (pp. 65-79). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Books.
Gross, R. F. (2009). Melancholia-machine: Perversity and loss in "the play about the baby." Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, 15(1), 121-133. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274460
Gross, R. (2015). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour (7th ed.). London: Hodder Education.
Gussow, M. (1999). Edward Albee. A singular journey: A biography. London: Oberon Books.
Harper, M. S. (2010) The relationship between individualistic attitudes and attitudes towards traditional marriage in contemporary American society (Bachelor's thesis). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/socialwrk_students/51
Hayman, R. (1971). Contemporary playwrights: Edward Albee. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
Hayman, A. (2013). What do our terms mean?: Explorations using psychoanalytic theories and concepts. London: Karnac Books.
Hauge, K. (2009). Interpreted identities-exploring the development of (male) homosexual presentation in American drama (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/25565
Heidarizadeh, N. (2015). The significant role of trauma in literature and psychoanalysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 192, 788-795. Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com
Hendin, J. G. (2004). Introducing American literature and culture in the postwar years. In Hendin, J. G. (Ed.). A concise companion to postwar American literature and culture (pp. 1-19). UK: Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
Holeyannavar, N. (2013). The American absurd theatre with special reference to Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Holowchak, M. A. (Ed.) (2012). Radical claims in Freudian psychoanalysis point/counterpoint. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
Hoorvash, M. (2012). Representations of women in Edward Albee's plays (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/articles/download_sparse/554659
Houston, D. M. (2005) Personality. In Hewstone, M., Fincham, F. & Foster, J. (Eds.), Psychology: BPS textbooks in psychology (pp. 292-313). Blackwell: Oxford.
Huang, S. (2010). The dialogism of self and other in contemporary American drama (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=g radschool_dissertations
Hull, E. A. (1975). A transactional analysis of the plays of Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1531
Ivereigh, A. (2013). The destruction of conjugality. In De Waal, A. (Ed.), The meaning of matrimony: debating same-sex marriage (pp.1-23). London: Civitas.
Jacobs, M. D. (2016). A Freudian dream: Interpretations of a midsummer night’s dream by psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically informed literary critics (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://oro.open.ac.uk/48431/1/JacobsMNDthesis.pdf Jahangiri, A. (2012). Sacrificial scapegoat archetype in Edward Albee‘s the goat or who is Sylvia? Elixir International Journal, 47, 9134-9137. Retrieved from www.elixirpublishers.com
Jarvis, B. (2011). Psychoanalysis. In: Wolfreys, J. (Ed.), The English literature companion (pp. 293-296). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jenckes, N. (2005). Structures of feeling in Tennessee Williams's "the night of the iguana" and Edward Albee's "a delicate balance." South Atlantic Review, 70(4), 4-22. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20064685
Kaibr, K. H., & Jingjing, G. (2018). Albee‘s plays in the light of psychological theories. English Language Teaching, 11(4), 70-73. doi: 10.5539/elt.v11n4p70
Kamp-Dush, C. M., Taylor, M. G. & Kroeger, R. A. (2008). Marital happiness and psychological well-being across the life course. Family Relations, 57(2): 211-226. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00495.x
Kannan, R. (2008). Edward Albee’s vision of new moral and spiritual existentialism: An assessment (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Kanzer, M. (1957). Acting out, sublimation and reality testing. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 5(4),663-684. doi.org/10.1177/000306515700500404
Kaur, K. (2013). The changing vision of Edward Albee: A critical study of his selected plays (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Kelly, K. E. (1990). Review of who's afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee. Theatre Journal, 42 (3), 372-373. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3208087
Kernberg, O. (1991) A contemporary reading of ''On narcissism.'' In Sandler, J., Person, E. & Fonagy, P. (Eds.), Freud’s on narcissism: An introduction (pp. 131-148). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kernberg, O. (2004). Contemporary controversies in psychoanalytic theory, techniques and their applications. New haven: Yale university press.
Kingsley, L. (1973). Reality and illusion: Continuity of a theme in Albee. Educational Theatre Journal, 25(1), pp. 71-79. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3205837
Kittredge, J. (2006). Chasing a dream: The formulation of American identity in the plays of Edward Albee (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193250
Knafo, D. (2012). Dancing with the unconscious: The art of psychoanalysis and the psychoanalysis of art. New York, NY: Routledge.
Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Kolin, P. C. & Davis, J. M. (1986). Critical essays on Edward Albee. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co.
Kolin, P. C. (1988). Conversations with Edward Albee. Jackson: UP of Mississippi.
Konkle, L. (2003). Good, better, best, bested: The failure of American typology in who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? In Mann, B. J. (Ed.), Edward Albee: A casebook (pp. 47-63). New York, NY: Routledge.
Knox, D. & Schacht, C. (Eds.). (1991). Choices in relationships: An introduction to marriage and the family (3rd ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Küçük, H. (2008). Edward Albee's drama under the influence of Samuel Beckett (Master's thesis). Retrieved from citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid...?doi..
Lewis, A. (1964). The fun and games of Edward Albee. Educational Theatre Journal, 16(1), 29-39. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3204375
Linda, H. B. (1987). Infertility as boundary ambiguity: One theoretical perspective. Fam Proc, (26), 359-372.
Liu, R. & Chen, Z. (2006). The effects of marital conflict and marital disruption on depressive affect: A comparison between women in and out of poverty. Social Science Quarterly, 87(2), 250-271.
Loose, R. (1998). A review of Freud's early remarks on addiction: From an ideal to masturbation. DBS library, 65-86. Retrieved from https://esour ce.dbs.ie/bitst ream/handl e/10788/ 1538/loose_1998.pdf?seque nce=1&isAll owed=y
LoPiccolo, J. & Heiman, J. (1978). The role of cultural values in the prevention and treatment of sexual problems. In Qualls, C. B., Wincze, G. B. & Barlow, D. H. (Eds.), The prevention of sexual disorders: Issues and approaches (pp. 43-71). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Lu, C. (2010). Predicting marital dissolution using data from both spouses (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd
Luere, J. (1990). Terror and violence in Edward Albee: From "who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?" to "marriage play." South Central Review, 7(1),50-58. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3189213
Lumly, F. (1972). New trends in twentieth-century drama: A survey since Ibsen and Shaw. London: Barrie and Jenkins.
Luxton, M. (2011). Changing families, new understandings. Retrieved from The Vanier Institute of the Family website: http://website: www.vifamily.ca
Machalická, B. (2002). Philosophical and psychological Aspects in Edward Albee’s plays (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10195/16105
Magill, F. N. (Ed.). (1977). Survey of contemporary literature (Rev. ed.). USA: Salem Press.
Mannes, M. (1963). The half world of American drama. The Reporter, 28, 48-49. Retrieved from http://www.unz.org/Pub/Reporter-1964jan02-00038 Mann, B. J. (Ed.). (2003). Edward Albee: A casebook. New York, NY: Routledge. Matta, W. J. (2006). Relationship sabotage: Unconscious factors that destroy couples, marriages and family. London: Praeger Publishers.
McCarthy, G. (1987). Edward Albee. London: Macmillan.
McCullers, C. (1998). Collected short stories of Carson McCullers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Mcdowell, M. B. (2005). The ballad of the sad café (1943). In Bloom, H. (Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 31-44). USA: Chelsea House.
Medoff, R. B. (2003). The goat or who is Sylvia?. Theater Journal, 55(1), 164-166. doi:10.1353/tj.2003.0031
Meyer, R. (1968). Language: Truth and illusion in who‘s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Education Theatre Journal, 20 (1), 60-69. doi: 10.2307/3204876
Millichap, J. R. (2005). Carson McCullers' literary ballad. In Bloom, H. (Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 11-20). USA: Chelsea House.
Mishra, P. (2004). The art of Edward Albee. Nagpur: Dattsons.
Mitchell, S. A., & Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and beyond: A history of modern psychoanalytic thought. USA: Basic Books.
Montagne, R. (2011, June 6). Playwright Edward Albee defends 'gay writer' remarks. National Public Radio. Retrieved March 13, 2017 from http://www.npr.org/2011/06/06/136923478/playwright-edward-albee- defends-remarks
Moore, T. J. & Asay, S. M. (2013). The study of family resource management. USA: Sage Publications.
Mulvey, L. (1989). Visual and other pleasures. USA: Palgrave.
Murfin, R. C. (1996). Psychoanalytic criticism and Jane Eyre. In Newman, B. (Ed.), A case study in contemporary criticism-psychoanalytic criticism and Jane Eyre (pp. 502-5017). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Nagtegaal, W. J. R. (2013). "Do you have it in you?": conventions in Edward Albee's plays (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://arts.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl
Nakonezny, P. A. & Denton, W. H. (2008). Marital relationships: A social exchange theory perspective. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36,402-412. doi: 10.1080/01926180701647264
Nye, R. D. (2000). Three psychologies: Perspectives from Freud, Skinner, and Rogers. Canada: Wadsworth.
Oberg, A. K. (1966). Edward Albee: His language and imagination. Prairie Schooner, 40(2),139-146. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40629152
Obiageli, O. G. (2009). Relationship between personal factors and marital conflict resolution strategies among married people in Enugu state, Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/images/Okorie%20G.%20O..pdf
O'Neill, B. (2013). A liberal critique of gay marriage. In De Waal, A. (Ed.), The meaning of matrimony: Debating same-sex marriage (pp. 40-55). London: Civitas.
Pal, R. (2013). The tragic vision in the select plays of Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448
Paolucci, A. (1972). From tension to tonic: The plays of Edward Albee. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP.
Parker, I. (1997). Psychoanalytic culture: Psychoanalytic discourse in western society. London: Sage Publications. Parks, R. (2005, June 2). Edward Albee interview. The American academy of achievement [interview]. Retrieved March 14, 2017 from http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/par0bio-1
Parray, A. H. (2014). Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf?: An exquisite messaging of the moral collapse of American society. Language in India, 14(4), 18-22.
Parsons, T. & Bales, R. F. (1955). Family, socialization and interaction process. New York, NY: The free press.
Pendse, U. (2009). Thematic convergence in some plays of Edward Albee, Tennessee Williams, Vijay Tendulkar And Mahesh Elkunchwar: A comparative study (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448.
Penney, J. (2006). The world of perversion: Psychoanalysis and the impossible absolute of desire. USA: State University of New York Press.
Pero, A. (2006). The crux of melancholy: Edward Albee's a delicate balance. Modern Drama, 49(2),147-187. Retrieved from www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/md
Person, E. S. (2013). Introduction. In Person, E. S., Fonagy, P. & Figueira, S. A. (Eds.), On Freud's Creative Writers and Daydreaming (pp. ix-xxi). London: Karnac Books.
Pew Research Center. (2010). The decline of marriage and rise of new families. A social and demographic trends report. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/11/pew-social-trends-2010- families.pdf
Porter, M. G. (1979). Toby‘s last stand: The evanescence of commitment in ''a delicate balance.'' Theatre Journal, 31(3), 398-408. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3219343
Post, R. M. (1969). Cognitive dissonance in the plays of Edward Albee. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 55(1), 54-60. doi: 10.1080/00335636909382928
Prakash, M. S. (2012). Futility of human endeavour: A study of the plays of Edward Albee and Harold Pinter (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/76640
Pressley, N. (2016, September 16). Edward Albee, Pulitzer-winning playwright of modern masterpieces, dies at 88. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/edward-albee- pulitzer-winning-playwright-of- modern- masterpieces-dies-at
Prono, L. (2008). Encyclopedia of gay and lesbian popular culture. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Prugh, S. L. (2014). Hallucinatory figures in modern American drama (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://scholar.colorado.edu/thtr_gradetds/29
Qualls, C. B., Wincze, G. B. & Barlow, D. H. (1978). The prevention of sexual disorders: Issues and approaches. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Rád, B. P. (2009). Transgressing the limits of interpretation: Edward Albee's "the goat, or who is Sylvia? (notes toward a definition of tragedy)." Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, 15(1), 135–153. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274461 Raphael, B. (1983). Anatomy of bereavement. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Rashkin, E. (1992). Family secrets and the psychoanalysis of narrative. Princeton University Press.
Read, C. S. (1934). [Review of the book New introductory lectures on psycho- analysis, by Freud, S.]. The British Journal of Psychiatry, (24), 418-421. doi:10.1192/bjp.80.329.418
Rezaei & Seyyedrezaei (2013). The contribution of psychological theories in literary Criticism. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1908-1911. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.056
Robles, T. F., Slatcher, R. B., Trombello, J. M. & McGinn, M. (2014). Marital quality and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140 (1), 140-187. doi: 10.1037/a0031859
Rodriquez, T. J. (2009). Understanding human behavior: A psychology work text. Philippine: Rex bookstore.
Rose, C. (2008, May 28 ). Interview with Edward Albee [YouTube file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/user/CharlieRose
Rosegrant, J. (2012). Narcissism and sadomasochistic relationships. Journal of Clinical Psychology,1-8. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21897
Roudané, M. C. (1982). An interview with Edward Albee. Southern Humanities Review, 16: 29-44.
Roudané, M. C. (1987). Understanding Edward Albee. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press.
Roudané, M. C. (2005). Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?: Toward the marrow. In Bottoms (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Edward Albee (pp. 39-58). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sabouri, H. (2005). Disintegration of the family in post-war American drama (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/articles/383488
Schimek, J. G. (2011). Memory, myth and seduction: Unconscious fantasy and interpretive process. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis group.
Schneiderman, L. (2003). Virginia Woolf: twentieth century psychology and modern fiction. Imagination, cognition and personality, 22(2), 181-200. Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2005). Theories of personality. USA: Wadsworth. Shams, P. & Pourgiv, F. (2013). Gender trouble in who‘s afraid of Virginia Woolf. Journal of Research in Gender Studies, 3(2), 85-100. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268224494 Shepard, S. (1996) Alienation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Shulman, R. (2011, March 10). Who's Afraid of Edward Albee? Metro Weekly Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.metroweekly.com/2011/03/whos- afraid-of-edward-albee/
Skynner, R. & Cleese, J. (1996). Life and how to survive it. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Skynner, R. & Cleese, J. (1997). Families and how to survive. London: Methuen.
Sletvold, J. (2016). Freud‘s three theories of neurosis: Towards a contemporary theory of trauma and defense, Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 26(4), 460-475. doi: 10.1080/10481885.2016.1190611
Smith, D. L. (2003). Psychoanalysis in Focus. London: Sage Publications.
Sofer, A. (2017). Tragedy and the Common Goat: Deperformative poetics in Edward Albee‘s the goat, or who is Sylvia?. Modern Drama, 60(4), 501-525. doi: 10.3138/MD.0866
Stenz, A. M. (1978). Edward Albee: The Poet of Loss. New York, NY: Mouton Publishers.
Stevenson, B. & Wolfers, J. (2007). Marriage and divorce: changes and their driving forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 27-52. doi:10.1257/jep.21.2.2
Szeliski, J. J. (1970). Albee: A rare balance. Twentieth Century Literature, 16 (2),123- 130. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/440866
Sullivan, V. D. (2017, July). American literature. In Oxford Research Encyclopedias. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.654
Suneetha, K. (2008). A study of the themes and techniques in the plays of Edward Albee (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/51448 Taylor, E. (2009). The mystery of personality: A history of psychodynamic theories. USA: Springer.
Teachman, J. D., Tedrow L. M. & Crowder, K. D. (2000). The changing demography of America's families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1234-1246.
The National Marriage Project and the Institute for American Values. (2012). The state of our unions: Marriage in America. Retrieved from http://www.stateofourunions.org
The Witherspoon Institute. (2008). Marriage and the public good: Ten Principles. Retrieved from http:// www.princetonprinciples.org Thurschwell, P. (2000). Sigmund Freud. London: Routledge. Todd, T. & Milliken, J. (2006). Dysfunctional families. The Scrivener,15(2), 52-54. Toman, W. (1960). An introduction to psychoanalytic theory of motivation. London: Pergamon Press.
Trilling, D.(1975). The riddle of Albee's who is afraid of Virginia Woolf? In Bigsby, C.W.E. (Ed.), Edward Albee: A collection of critical essays (pp. 80-88). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today: A user-friendly guide (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Vaillant, G. E. (1995). Adaptation to life. Cambridge: Harvard university press. Voncken, S. (2015). Freud in fiction. The representation of the Oedipus complex in 1960s American literature (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/319437
Warren, F. (2009). Treatment of personality disorders. In Corr, P. J. & Matthews, G. (Eds.). The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology (pp. 799-819). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Wasserman, J. N. (Ed.). (1983). Edward Albee: An interview and essays. Houston: University of St. Thomas.
Way, B. (1974). Albee and the absurd: The American dream and the zoo story. In Bigsby, C. W. E. (Ed.), Edward Albee: A collection of critical essays (pp. 26- 44). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Weales, G. (1975). Edward Albee: Don't make waves. In Bigsby, C. W. E. (Ed.), Edward Albee: A collection of critical essays (pp. 10-22). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Weitz, E. (2009). Moving target: Comic calculation and affective persuasion in Edward Albee's "The goat, or who is Sylvia?" Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, 15(1), 155-168. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274462
Werner, J. (2005). Situation tragedy: An interview with director Richard E. T. White. In Brodersen, E. & Werner, J. (Eds.), Words on plays: Insight into the plays, the playwright, and the production (pp. 3-11). American Conservatory Theater.
Westling, L. (2005). Carson McCullers' amazon nightmare. In Bloom, H. (Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 45-53). USA: Chelsea House.
Whatling, C. (2005). Reading miss Amelia: Critical strategies in the construction of sex, gender, sexuality, the gothic and grotesque. In Bloom, H.(Ed.), Modern critical interpretations: Carson McCullers' the ballad of the sad café (pp. 91- 103). USA: Chelsea House.
Whitehead, B. (1992). The experts' story of marriage. Retrieved from Institute for American Values website: http:// americanvalues.org/catalog/pdfs/wp-14.pdf
Whitehead, S. (2013). The process of directing Edward Albee's the goat, or who is Sylvia? (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds
Wolfaardt, S. (2014). Submitting to the discipline of sexual intimacy? Online construction of BDSM encounters (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/39793/Wolfaardt_Submitti ng_2014.pdf,sequence=4
Wolfe, P. (1965). The social theater of Edward Albee. Prairie Schooner, 39 (3), 248- 262. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40628342
Wright, S., Crewe, B. & Hulley, S. (2016). Suppression, denial, sublimation: Defending against the initial pains of very long life sentences. Theoretical Criminology, 1-22. doi: 10.1177/1362480616643581
Yankelovich, D. (1994). How changes in the economy are reshaping American values. In Aaron, H. J., Mann, T. E. & Taylor, T. (Eds.), Values and Public Policy (pp. 1-27). Washington: The Brookings Institute.
Zee, F. & Hembrecht, M. (2009). The role of dysfunctional relationship beliefs in relationship satisfaction. A comparison of singles with satisfied and less satisfied coupled people in their endorsement of irrational and anxious relationship beliefs (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/34728/Zee%2C%20van% 20der%200312096.pdf?sequence=1
Zinman, T. (2008). Edward Albee. United States: University of Michigan Press.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |