UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| This study aims to determine the compositions of surfactants extracted from urban particulate
matter (PM) and motor vehicle exhaust soot. A high volume air sampler (HVAS) has been used to
collect PM sample at Kuala Lumpur urban area. Meanwhile, the vehicle exhaust soot was collected
randomly from exhaust pipe of various types of diesel and petrol vehicles, using a soft brush during
dry days. The concentration of anionic surfactants as Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS)
was determined by the colorimetric method using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The presence of
microorganisms as bacteria and fungi was investigated by colony count. In addition, correlation
between surfactants and traffic related air pollutants, and meteorological factors were also been
investigated. Results revealed that the average concentration of PM was 107.68 ± 7.91 μgm-3 while
surfactants in PM was 105 ± 48.8 pmolm-3. Diesel vehicles demonstrated higher surfactant
concentration in exhaust soot with average value of 0.227 ± 0.006 μmolg-1 compared to petrol
vehicles (0.146 ± 0.003 μmolg-1). For bio aerosol, the average total bacterial count (TBC) and total
fungi count (TFC) from particulate matter are 225 cfum-3 and 250 cfum-3, respectively. Based on
this study, various mitigation procedures can be implemented to reduce the impacts of PM and
exhaust soot for a better future. |
| References |
Anake, W.U Ana, G.R.E.E and Benson, NU. 2016. Study of surface morphology, elemental composition and sources of airborne fine particulate matter in Agbara industrial estate, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences 11 (4), 881-890.
Becagli, S., Ghedini, C., Peeters, S., Rottiers, A., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Chiari, M., Jalba, A., Despiau, S., Dayan, U., Temara, A., 2011. MBAS (Methylene Blue Active Substances) and LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates) in Mediterranean coastal aerosols: sources and transport processes. Atmos. Environ. 45, 6788-6801.
Brimblecombe, P., Latif, M.T., 2004. Rediscovering atmospheric surfactants. Environ. Chem. 1, 11-12.
Desai, J.D., Banat, I.M., 1997. Microbial production of surfactants and their commercial potential. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61 (1), 47-64.
Colvile, R.N., Hutchinson, E.J., Mindell, J.S., Warren, R.F., 2001. The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmos. Environ. 35 (9), 1537- 1565.
Cserhati, T., Forgaces, E., Oros, G., 2002. Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants. Environ. Int. 28, 337-348.
Facchini, M.C., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Chalson, R.J., 2001. Comments on "Influence of soluble surfactant properties on the activation of aerosol particles containing inorganic solute". J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 1465-1467.
Frka, S., Dautovic, J., Kozarac, Z., Cosovic, B., Hoffer, A., Kiss, G., 2012. Surface-active substances in atmospheric aerosol: an electrochemical approach. Tellus B: Chem. Phys. Meteorol, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.18490.
Koopal, L.K., Goloub, T.P., Davis, T.A., 2004. Binding of ionic surfactants to purified humic acid. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275, 360-367.
Mansha, M., Ghauri, B., Rahman, S., Amman, A., 2012. Characterization and source apportionment of ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5). Sci. Total Environ. 425, 176-183. Ministry of Works, Malaysia, 2010. Road Traffic Volume Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
Pöschl, U., 2005. Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 7520–7540.
Razak, H.A., Wahid, N.B.A. and Latif, M.T. (2019) Anionic Surfactants and Traffic Related Emission from an Urban Area of Perak, Malaysia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Article in press: 1-7.
Resitoglu, I.A., Altinisik, K., Keskin, A., 2015. The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems. Clean Technol Envir 17, 15–27. http:// doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0793-9.
Ronkko, T., Lahde, T., Heikkila, J., Pirjola, L., Bauschke, U., Arnold, F., Schlager, H., Rothe, D., Yli-Ojanpera, J., Keskinen, J. 2014. Effects of Gaseous Sulphuric Acid on Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticle Formation and Characteristics. Environmental Science and Technology. 47, 11882-11889.
Roslan, R.N., Hanif, N.M., Othman, M.R., Azmi, W.N.F.W., Yan, X.X., Ali, M.M., 2010. Surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer and their contribution to atmospheric aerosols around coastal areas of the Malaysian Peninsula. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60, 1584–1590.
Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Jain, V.K., 2008. Source apportionment of total suspended particulate matter in coarse and fine ranges over Delhi. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 8 (2), 188-200.
Vejrup, K.V., Wolkoff, P., 2002. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in indoor floor dust. Sci. Total Environ. 300, 51-58.
Wahid, N.B.A., Latif, M.T., Suratman, S., 2013. Composition and source apportionment of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols of urban and semi-urban areas in Malaysia. Chemosphere. 91,1508-1516.
Wahid, N.B.A., Latif, M.T., Suan, L.S., Dominick, D., Sahani, M., Jaafar, S.A., and Mohd Tahir, N. 2014. Source Identification of Particulate Matter in a Semi-urban Area of Malaysia Using Multivariate Techniques. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92(3):317-322.
Wahid N.B.A., Latif M.T., and Suratman S. 2017. Composition and possible sources of anionic surfactants from urban and semi-urban street dust. Air Qual Atmos Health 10:1051-1057.doi:10.1007/s11869-017-0493-9
Zimmer, A.T., Baron, P.A., Biswas, P., 2002. The influence of operating parameters on number-weighted aerosol size distribution generated from a gas metal arc welding process. J. Aerosol Sci. 33, 519-531.
|
| This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |