UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan Modul Pedagogi Pembelajaran Aktif Berasaskan
Kemahiran 4K bagi Nombor Bulat dan Operasi Asas Matematik (Modul Pedagogi
PA4K) bagi kegunaan guru dan murid Tahun Tiga. Pendekatan Kajian Reka Bentuk
dan Pembangunan (Design and Development Research - DDR) telah diaplikasikan.
Kajian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga fasa iaitu Fasa I (Analisis Keperluan) yang
melibatkan kajian tinjauan ke atas 140 sampel yang terdiri daripada guru-guru
matematik dan murid-murid Tahun Tiga. Manakala, Fasa II (Reka Bentuk dan
Pembangunan) melibatkan 16 orang pakar matematik sekolah rendah dan pedagogi
bagi menentukan elemen-elemen modul. Seterusnya, Fasa III (Penilaian) terdiri
daripada penilaian kesahan draf modul oleh enam orang pakar serta penilaian
kebolehgunaan modul melibatkan 40 orang murid Tahun Tiga dan seorang guru
matematik. Selain itu, data tahap penguasaan kemahiran 4K murid selepas
penggunaan modul juga digunakan untuk analisis nilai Cronbach’s Alpha bagi
menentukan tahap kebolehpercayaan modul. Dapatan kajian Fasa I menunjukkan
perlunya pembangunan Modul Pedagogi PA4K. Manakala, analisis dapatan Fasa II
menggunakan teknik Fuzzy Delphi mendapati kesepakatan pakar dari segi kesesuaian
item-item dalam Modul Pedagogi PA4K. Selain itu, modul ini mencapai nilai peratus
kesahan yang tinggi bagi setiap item yang dinilai. Hasil analisis ujian-t berpasangan
pada Fasa III pula mendapati Modul Pedagogi PA4K berupaya meningkatkan
penguasaan kemahiran 4K dalam kalangan murid secara signifikan.
Kebolehpercayaan modul ini juga adalah tinggi menandakan ketekalan dalamannya
yang baik. Kesimpulannya, Modul Pedagogi PA4K berpotensi meningkatkan
penguasaan kemahiran 4K murid dalam pembelajaran Nombor Bulat dan Operasi
Asas melalui aktiviti-aktiviti pembelajaran aktif. Kajian ini juga mempunyai implikasi
dari segi teoretis iaitu sumbangan model dan modul pembelajaran aktif berteraskan
kemahiran 4K dan amalan melibatkan KPM, guru dan murid. |
References |
Abbasi, S., Rakhsani, T., Razaie, M., Ebrahimi, M. R., & Taravatmenes, S. (2018). A Study of Emotional Intelligence and the Effect of Educational Intervention in Emergency Medicine Residents. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2018(1), 45-52.
Abdul Halim Abdullah. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Matematik Sekolah Menengah Dalam Melaksanakan Proses Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran Abad ke-21. Isuisu Pendidikan Kontemporari, 2017, 567-584.
Abdul Karim, M., Ranbat, S., Harin, A. N., Mastura, S., Razak, K. A., Ghazali, A. R., Rashdan, R., Mohd Fadly, M. F, Zubir, J., Husyairi, H., & Nazirah, M. A. (2017). Integration of fuzzy Delphi method with artificial neural network for social media in Malaysia disaster response. Internet Journal of Society for Social Managemant Systems Issues, 1191), 122-135. Dicapai dari https://ssms.jp/wp-content/uploads/PDF/issue11-vol1/sms17_2655.pdf.
Abdul Said Ambotang & Shanti Gobalakrishnan. (2017). Tahap integriti dan kesediaan guru dengan pelaksanaan pentaksiran berasaskan sekolah. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(4), 1-22. eISSn:0128-164X.
Acharya, B. R. (2017). Factors affecting difficulties in learning mathematics learners. International Journal of Elementary Education, 6(2), 8-15.
Adams, K. (2006). The sources of innovation and creativity. National Center on Education and Economy.
Ade Febri, Sajidan, Sarwanto & Dewanto Harjunowibowo. (2020). Guided inquiry Lab: Its effect to improve student’s critical thinking on mechanics. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-BiRuNi, 9(1), 87-97. Dicapai dari http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-biruni/issue.
Ahmad, N. L., Sho, S. L., Ab Wahid, H., & Yusof, R. (2019). Kepentingan amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran abad 21 terhadap pembangunan pelajar. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(28), 37-51.
Ahmad Jazimin Jusoh, Abdul Malek Abdul Rahman, Mohammad Nasir Bistamam & Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. 2011. Modul kaunseling kelompok CTRT: Pendekatan menangani permasalahan disiplin pelajar. Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Allen, D. E., Donham, R. S., & Bernhardt, S. A. (2011). Problem-based learning. New Directions for teaching and Learning, 2011(128). Dicapai dari https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.465.
Ali, R., Ghazi, S. R., Khan, M. S., Hussain, S., & Faitma, Z. T. (2010). Effectiveness of modular teaching in biology at secondary school. Asian Social Science, 6(9), 49-54. ISSN 1911-2017.
Ali, R., Hukamdad, Akher, A., & Khan, A. (2010). Effect of using problem solving method in teaching mathematics on the achievement of mathematics students. Asian Social Science, 6, 67-72.
Aliff Nawi, Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria, Norkhairiah Hashim & Chua Chy Ren. (2015). Assessing the Quality of iPBL Module: Validity and Reliability Aspects. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis, 11(2), 1-10.
Alijah Ujang. (2016). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran WebQuest pendidikan kesihatan untuk guru pelatih murid bermasalah pembelajaran. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Alismail, H. A., & McGuire, P. (2015). 21ˢᵗ century standards and curriculum: Current research and practice. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(6), 150- 154.
Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, September – October 1998.
Amalia Madihie & Sidek Mohd Noah. (2013). An application of the Sidek module development in rebt counseling intervention module design for orphans. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84(2013), 1481-1491.
American Management Association. (2012). Critical skills survey: Executive summary. 1-800-262-9699.
Amran, N., & Rosli, R. (2017). Teachers’ understanding in 21ˢᵗ century skills. Prosiding Persidangan Antarabangsa Sains Sosial & Kemanusiaan.
America Society of Training and Development. (2008). Handbook for workplace learning professionals. ASTD Press.
Anderson, L., & Krathwohl, D. A. (2001). Taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Longman.
Ann Rosnida Deni & Zainor Zainal. (2015). Let’s write on the wall: Virtual collaborative learning using Padlet. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – July 2015, Special Issue 2, 364-369.
Ann Rosnida Deni & Zainor Zainal. (2017). “I love it but I don’t use it”: Students’ perceptions on the use of Padlet as an educational tool for learning. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – October 2017, Special 7, 7-13. Dicapai dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322244666_I_Love_It_But_I_Don't Use_It_Students'_Perceptions_on_the_Use_of_Padlet_as_an_Educational_T ool_for_Learning.
Arbaa, R., Jamil, H., & Ahmad, M. Z. (2017). Integrated model of infusing 21ˢᵗ century skills in teaching and learning. Junal Pendidikan Malaysia, 42(1), 1- 11.
Ariffin, N. A., & Yunus, F. (2017). Preschool teachers’ readiness in implementing high order thinking skills in teaching and learning.
Armstrong, J. S. (1999). Introduction to paper and commentaries on the Delphi technique. International Journal of Forecasting, 15, 351–352. Dicapai dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253235614_Introduction_to_Paper_ and_Commentaries_on_the_Delphi_Technique/download.
Arum, R., & Roksa, J. (2011). Measuring college performance. Mapping Broad- Access Higher Education Conference, 1ˢᵗ – 2ⁿᵈ December, 2011. Standford University.
Association for Middle Level Education. (2012). Middle level teacher preparation standard with rubrics and supporting explanations. Westerville, OH: Author.
Astin, A. W. (1999). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 40(5), 518-529.
Augusto, S., Chang, A., & Osibanjo, R. (2011). Student engagement: Mission impossible. Dicapai dari http://cetl.ucdavis.edu/winter workshops-2011/
Avella, J. R. (2016). Delphi panels: Research design, procedures, advantages and challenges. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 11, 305-321.
Aydin, B., Unver, M., Alan, B. & Saglam, S. (2017). Combining the old and the new: Designing a curriculum based on Taba Model and the Global Scale of English. Journal of Language & Linguistic Studies, 13(1), 304-320.
Azinudin Achzab, Cucuk Wawan Budiyanto & Aris Budianto. (2018). Analysis of the 21ˢᵗ century skills achievement using konstructivist learning with Arduino based driverless vehicle technology. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 262, 201-205.
Azmi, M. N., & Nurzatulshima. (2017). Infusing high order thinking skills: Teachers’ readiness in teaching and learning of primary school design and technology Subject. International Research Journal of Education and Sciences (IRJES), 1 (Special Issue 1).
Bakar, Z. A., Kamarudin, M. I., & Tan, M. Y. (2009). Pengaruh sikap, minat, an sebaya terhadap pencapaian matematik pelajar. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Baker, M.J. (2015). Collaboration in collaborative learning. Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems, 16(3), 451-473. November 2015. Special issue on “Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation: Interdisciplinary Perspectives”. Guest editors: Federica Amici, Lucas M. Bietti.
Balvanes, M., & Caputi, P. (2001). Introduction to quantitative research methods: An investigative approach. Sage Publications Ltd.
Bareen Shaikh & Anupama Algannawar. (2018). Active learning strategies in classroom using ict tool. Aarhat Multidisciplinary International Education Research Journal, 6(1), 89-95.
Baroody, A. J. (1987).Children's mathematical thinking. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Baroody, A. J. (2017). The use of concrete experiences in early childhood mathematics instruction. In J. Sarama, D. H. Clements, C. Germeroth, & C. Day-Hess (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior: Vol. 53. The development of early childhood mathematics education (p. 43–94). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.03.001
Baroody, A. J. (2006). Why children have difficulties mastering the basic number combination and how to help them. Teaching Children Mathematics. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Abilities Studies, 25, 53-69.
Bell, S. (2010). Project-based learning for the 21ˢᵗ century: Skills for the future. The Clearing House, 83: 39-43. Copyright (c) Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ISSN: 0009-8655. DOI: 10.1080/00098650903505415.
Berg, K. F. C. (1994). Scripted cooperation on high school mathematics: Peer interaction and achievement. Paper presented in the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 1994, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Bernero, J. (2000). Motivating students in mathematics using cooperative learning. An action research project submitted for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching and Leadership. Saint Xavier University.
Bertini, L. de F., & Passos, C. L. B. (2016). Learning difficulties arithmetic in the early grades. Dicapai dari http://alb.com.br/arquivomorto/edicoes_anteriores/anais16/sem15dpf/sm15ss0 8_02.pdf
Bloom, B. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. London: Longman.
Bodrova, E. & Leong, D. J. (2005). Uniquely preschool: What research tells us about the ways young children learn. Educational Leadership, 63(1), 44-47.
Bonner, T. Darlene; Aspy, David N. (1984). A study of the relationship between student empathy and GPA. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 22(4), 149-154.
Bonnett, V., Yuill, N., & Carr, A. (2017). Mathematics mastery and metacognition: How adding a creative approach can support children in mathematics. Educational and Children Psychology, March 2017, 1-23.
Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Active learning creating excitement in the classroom. ASHE-ERIC, High Education Report, (1), 1991. ISBN: 1-878380- 08.7. Eric Clearinghouse on Higher Education. Washington, DC.
Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., Cocking, R. R. (2000). How people learn, brain, mind, experience and school. National Academy Press. ISBN: 0-309-07036- 8(pbk)
Bridgeland, J. M., Dilulio, J. J., & Morison, K. B. (2006). The silent epidemic: Perspectives of high school dropouts. Melinda Gates Foundation.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2001). Knowledge and organization: A social-practice perspective. Organization Science, 12(2), 198-213.
Brownell, M. T., Adams, A., Sindelar, P., Wahdron, N., & Vanhover, S. (2006). Learning from collaboration: The role of teacher qualities. Council for Exceptional Children, 72(2), 169-185.
Bruce, C. D. (2007). Student interaction in the math classroom: Stealing ideas or building understanding. What works? Research into practice. The Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat Ontario. Dicapai dari http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/literacynumeracy/inspire/research/bruce.pdf
Bruner, J. S. (1960). The process of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1961). The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31, 21-32.
Bruun, F. (2013). Elementary teachers’ perspectives of mathematics problem solving strategies. The Mathematics Educator, Vol. 23, No. 1, 45–59.
Bulletin Anjakan. (April, 2015). Ciri-ciri pembelajaran abad ke-21. Buletin Transformasi Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025, p.2.
Bulletin Anjakan. (Mei, 2015). Guru abad ke-21. Buletin Transformasi Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025, p.2.
Berryessa Union School District. (2016). 21st century learning and the 4Cs. BUSD Education Services.
Bybee. R. W. (2009). The BSCS 5E instructional model and 21st century skills. National Academies Board on Science Education. Dicapai dari https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/dbassesite/documents/webpage/d basse_073327.pdf
Campbell, K. (2014). Get your students moving. AMLE Magazine, 1(7), 12-14.
Carlgren, T. (2013). Communication, critical thinking, problem solving: A suggestion for all high school students in the 21st century. Interchange, 44, 63-81.
Carter, J. (2014). The 4Cs of mathematics instruction: Collaborate, create, communicate, critique. Westlake High School, Austin, TX.
Cazzola, M. (2008). Problem-based learning and mathematics: Possible synergical actions. ICERI2008 Proceeding, IATED (International Association of Technology, Education and Development), Valencia, Spain. ISBN: 978-84- 612-5091-2.
Çeker, E., & Özdaml, F. (2017). What “gamification” is and what it’s not. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 6(2), 221-228.
Center for Teaching and Learning. (2001). Speaking of teaching: Problem-based learning. Stanford University Newsletter on Teaching, Winter 2001, 11(1).
Chin, H. L. (2009). Pembangunan dan penilaian laman portal pembelajaran tatabahasa BM Tingkatan Dua. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Chin, L. C., & Zakaria, E. (2015). Understanding of number concepts and number operations through games in early mathematics education. Creative Education, 2015(6), 1306-1315. Dicapai dari http://doi.org/10.4236/ce2015.612130.
Cholmsky, P. (2014). From acquisition to automaticity: The reflex solution for mathematics fact mastery. Explore Learning.
Cicso, Intel & Microsoft. (2010). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Report of January, 2010.
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2009). Learning and teaching early math the learning trajectories approach. Routledge: New York.
Cook, T, & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi experimentation: Design and analysis issues from field settings. Bonston, MA: Houghton Miffin.
Collins Engineering Dictionary. (2018). Dicapai dari http://collinsdictionary.com.
Collins, J. W., & O’Brien, N. P. (Eds.). (2003). Greenword Dictionary of education. Westport, CT: Greenword.
Common Core State Standard. (2014). A commitment to student success: Preparing America’s students for college and career. Dicapai dari https://www.svsd410.org/cms/lib/WA01919490/Centricity/Domain/31/Parent %20CCSS%20Presentation.pdf.
Conley, D. T. (2007). Redefining college readiness. Prepared for Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Educational Poly Improvement Center.
Conley, D. T. (2007). Educational leadership: The challenge of college readiness. The Prepared Graduate, 64(7), 23-29.
Conroy, R. (2015). Sample size: A rough guide. Ethics (Medical Research) Committee. Dicapai dari http://www.beaumontethics.ie/docs/application/samplesizecalculation.pdf.
Coulson, M. (2006). Developing teachers’ cognitive clarity and communication style through on insertive training program. Doctoral Dissertation, New Castle, New South Wales: Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle.
Couture, P. A., de Sousa, A. K., Ferrazzi, A. F., Monosky, W., Papineau, S., & Tripathi, R. (2013). Inquiry and play-based learning is the way. Kindergarten Part1. Educational Rounds Assignment.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. 4th Edition. Pearson.
Cropley, A. J. (2011). Definitions of creativity. In M. A. Runco & S. R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, 511-524, San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cruickshank, D. R., & Kennedy, J. J. (1986). Teacher clarity. Teacher and Teachers Education, 2, 43-67.
Curtis, D., D. (2001). Exploring collaborative online learning: J. Asynchron learn. Netw. Vol. 5, 21-34.
Davidson, N., & Major, C. H. (2014). Boundary crossing: Cooperative learning, collaborative learning and problem-based learning. Journal of Excellence in College Teaching, 25 (3 & 4), 7-55.
Davis, V. (2015). How to use Padlet: A fantastic tool for teaching: Useful tools for teachers. Dicapai dari https://www.coolcatteacher.com/how-to-use-padletfantastic- tool-teaching/.
Dawson, T. E. (1997). A primer on experimental and quasi-experimental design. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association; Austin, T, January, 23th -25th, 1997. Dicapai dari https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED406440.pdf.
Deakin University. (2013). Critical thinking. Dicapai dari http://www.deakin.edu.au>assets>pdf_file.
De Bono, E. (1995). Serious creativity. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 18(5), 12.
DeVries, R. (2017). The instructional leadership practices of elementary principals of average needs/resource capacity school Districts in New York State. A Doctoral Research Project. Esteves School of Education, The Sage Colleges.
Dewey, J. (1910). How we think. Selection from part one, The Problem of Training Thought.
DeWitt, D. (2010). Development of a collaborative mLearning module on nutrition for Form 2 students. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2009). The systematic design of instruction. Upper Saddle, River, New Jersey: Pearson Press.
Dictionary Britannica. (2018). https://www.britannica.com.
Dimiter, M. D., & Rumrill, Jr. P. D. (2003). Pretest-posttest designs and measurement of change. Work, 20 (2003), 159-165.
D’ Souza, S. M., & Wood, L. N. (2003). Tertiary students’ views about group work in mathematics. Joint AARe/NZARE Conference, Auckland.
Dogra, S., Mahajan. R., Jad, B., & Mahajan, B. (2015). Educational interventions to improve knowledge and skills of interns towards prevention and control of hospital-associated infections.
Dudeja, P., Singh, A., Sahni, N., Kaur, S., & Goel, S. (2017). Effectiveness of an intervention package of knowledge, attitude and practices of food handlers in a tertiary care hospital of North India: A before and after comparison study. Medical Journal Armed Force India, 73(2017), 49-53.
Eduviews. (2008). Teaching in the 21st century: A review of the issues and changing models in the teaching profession. Dicapai dari http://www.blackboard.com.
Edwards, J., & Jones, J. (1999). Students’ views of learning mathematics in collaborative small groups. In Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Haifa, Israel, 25-30 July 1999; Zaslavsky, O., Ed,; Vol. 2, 281-288.
Edwards, S. (2015). Active learning in the middle grades. Middle School Journal, May 2015, 26-32.
Edwards, S. S., Kemp, A. T., & Page, C. S. (2014). The middle school philosophy: Do we practice what we preach or do we preach something different? Current Issues in Middle Level Education, 19(1), 13-19.
Ekwueme, C. O., & Meremikwu, A. (2010). The use of calculator in Teaching Calculations in logarithms in secondary schools. Journal of Issues on mathematics, 13, 117-118.
Ekwueme, C. O., Ekon, E., & Ezenwa-Nebife, D. C. (2015). The impact of hands-onapproach on student academic performance in basic science and mathematics. Higher Education Studies, 5(6), 47-51.
Eow Yee Leng, Roaini Jaafar & Asmah Abu Hadzim. (2015). Pasukan Pembimbing SIPartner+ dan SISC+ Memangkin Pendifusian Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Alaf Baharu Berpandukan Teori Apresiatif Inkuiri.
Ernest, P. (1995). Values, gender and images of mathematics: A philosophical perspective. International Journal of Mathematics Education, Science and Technology, 26(3), 449-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739950260313
Ersoy, E. (2016). Problem solving and its teaching in mathematics. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 6(2), 79-87.
Erwin Akib & Mohamed Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2015). The validity and reliability of assessment for learning (AfL). Education Journal, 4(2), 64-68.
European Schoolnet. (2015). Innovative teaching and learning with tablets: Lifelong learning programme. Dicapai dari http://fcl.eun.org/documents/10180/275738/CCL_Scenarios_brochure_A4.ind d_FINAl.pdf.
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment. Measured Reasons and the California Academic Press, Millbrae, CA. ISBN: 978-1-891557-07-1.
Farizan Ismail. (2013). Keberkesanan kaedah model bar dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematik berayat. Tesis Sarjana. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Felício, C. M. P., & Policarpo, F. (2015). The use of games as a teaching resource. In P. Grossa, & P. Anais (Eds.), XIII EPREM: Practice and research in mathematics education, 1-9. Ponta Grossa: UEPG.
Firdaus, F. M, Wahyudin & Herman, T. (2017). Improving primary students’ mathematical literacy through problem based learning and direct instruction. Educational Research and Reviews, Vol. 12(4), 212-219. ISSN: 1990-3839.
Fox, T. G. (2013). Project-based learning in primary grades. A paper of Degree of Master of Arts in Education. Northern Michigan University.
Fraenkel, F. J., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. Qualitative research (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Freire, P. (1992). The purpose of education extract from the 40th Anniversary of UNESCO. Institute for Education, UIE Reports, No. 6.
Fruchter, R. (2006). The fishbowl: Degree of engagement in Global Teamwork. LNAI, Springer Verlag, 241-257.
Gallo, D. (1989) Educating for empathy, reason and imagination, The Journal of Creative Behaviour, 23(2), 98 – 115.
Gallo A. A., & Johnson C.K. (2008). Math skills and everyday problem-solving. Journal of Economic and Finance Education, 7(1), 7-20.
Gamson, Z. F. (1994). Collaborative learning cores of age. Change, Sep 1994, 26(5), 44-49. Dicapai dari http://nhcuc.org/pdfs/Gamson.pdf.
Gay, L.R. (1992). Education research competencies for analysis and application: London: Charles E. Milton Keynes Philadelphia Company.
Gerald, R. (2015). The World Beyond the Classroom: 21st Century Education, Technology and 4Cs. Diacapai dari https://storify.com/RebeccaG27/4cs-ineducation.
Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., Nugent, L., Baoliey, D. H. (2013). Adolescents’ functional numeracy is predicted by their school entry number system knowledge. Plus One, 8(1): e545651.
Gecer, A., & Dag, F. (2012). A blended learning experience. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 12(1), 438‐442.
Ghafoor, K. A., & Kurukkan, A. (2015). Why high school students fell mathematics difficult? An exploration of affective beliefs. National Seminar on Pedagogy of Teacher Education – Trends and Challenges, 18th – 19th August 2015. Kerala.
Gigante, L. (2013). Lesson planning using CASAS Standards. CASAS Organisation. Dicapai dari http://www.casas.org/docs/institute/e12-what-do-common-corestate- standards-have-to-do-with-me-and-my-classroom-lessons-.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Gilbert, D. (2015). Enriching numeracy learning using digital tools: Sharing stories from teacher researchers. Biennial Curriculum Conference, 1st October 2015. Association of Independent Schools of South Australia. Dicapai dari http://www.acsa.edu.au/pages/images/M%20Mills-Bayne.pdf
Guo, Z. (2016). The cultivation of 4C’s in China: Critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. International Conference on Education, Management and Applied Social Science (EMASS, 2016). ISBN: 978-60595- 400-4.
Grouws, D. A., & Cebulla, K. J. (2000). Improving student achievement in mathematics. Educational Series 4. International Academy of Education and International Bureau of Education.
Gunderson, E. A., Park, D., Maloney, E. A., Beilock, S. L., & Levine, S. C. (2018). Reciprocal relations among motivational frameworks, math anxiety, and math achievement in early elementary school. Journal of Cognition and Development, 19(1), 21-46.
Habibi, A., Jahantigh, F. F., & Sarafrazi, A. (2015). Fuzzy Delphi technique for forecasting and screening items. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 5(2), 130-143.
Hake, R. R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A sixthousand- student survey of mechanice test data for introductory physics courses. American Journal of Physics, 66(1), 64-74.
Harshbarger, R. (2016). Learning in the 21st century: A study addressing educational trends and implications. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. University of Central Florida.
Harun, N. S., Hamid, M. Y., & Talib, A. (2011). Exploration of usability issues in Malaysia public hospital spatial design: Pilot study. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(4), 127-134.
Helmer, O., (1977). Problems in futures research: Delphi and causal cross-impact analysis. Futures, February 1977, 17-31.
Hertzog, M. A. (2008). Consederations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Research in Nursing & Health, 31(2), 180-191.
Hoerr, T. R. (1992). How our school applied multiple intelligences theory. Educational Leadership, 50, 67-69.
Holstermann, N., Grube, D., & Bögeholz, S. (2010). Hands-on activities and their influence on students’ interest. Res Sci Educ (2010)40, 743–757.
Hott, B. L., Isbell, L., & Montani, T. O. (2014). Strategies and Interventions to Support Students with Mathematics Disabilities. Council for Learning Disabilities.
HwaYue-Yi. (2016). From drills to skills? Cultivating critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration through Malaysian schools. Penang Institute Working Paper. Kuala Lumpur: Penang Institute.
Huang, J. X., & Iksan, Z. (2019). Kefahaman guru sekolah rendah Daerah Pekan terhadap pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK21). International Journal of Modern Education, 1(2), 1-12.
Hunter, M. (1982). Mastery teaching. El Segundo, CA: TIP Publications.
Husnaeni. (2016). The enhancement of mathematical critical thinking ability of Aliyah Madrasah student model using Gorontalo by interactive learning setting cooperative model. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(8), 159-164.
Iberahim, A. R., Mahamod, Z., & Mohamad, W. M. R. M. (2017). 21st century learning and the influence of attitude, motivation and achievements Malay language secondary school students. Malay Language Education Journal, 7(2), 77-88. ISSN: 2180-4842.
Ibrahim, R. (2014). Curriculum development models and documents. Cyprus International University.
Ignacio, N. G., Nieto, L. J., & Barona, E. G. (2006). The affective domain in mathematics learning. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 1(1), 16-31.
Isabelo, V. S, Jr. (2018). Factors affecting the mathematics problem solving skills of Filipino pupils. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(2), 487-497. ISSN 2250-13153.
International Society for Technology in Education. (2007). ISTE standards students. iste.org/standards.
Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor. (2017). Standard prestasi pembelajaran abad ke-21 sekolah-sekolah Negeri Johor. www.jpnjohor.moe.gov.my.
Jaggil Apak & Muhamad Suhaimi Taat. (2018). Pengaruh kesediaan guru terhadap pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(4), 6-22.
Jamaludin Ahmad, Aminuddin Hassan & Norhasni Zainal Abidin. (2008). Developing validity and reliability of a drug addiction module among drug addicts who are undergoing treatment at rehabilitation centres. The Journal of International Social Research, 1(5), 45-57.
Jasmi, K. A. (2013). Pembelajaran aktif dalam pendidikan Islam: Pengamalan guru cemerlang pendidikan Islam. Seminar Pemerkasaan Pengajaran Agama Islam di Malaysia, 24-25 September 2013, 1-16. Institut Kemahiran Islam Malaysia.
Jemmott, L. S., & Jemmott, J. B. (1992). Increasing condom-use intentions among sexually active black adolescent women. Nursing Research, 41, (5), p. 273.
Jensen, K. J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the effects of problem and project-based learning on academic achievement in grade 6-12 populations. Educatioan Dissertation, 7.
Johari Hassan & Yeong Wai Chung. (2006). Keupayaan dan kelemahan menyelesaikan masalah matematik dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan lima. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Dicapai dari http://eprints.utm.my/10316/2/Yeong_Wai_Chung.pdf.
Johnson, A. (2013). Effective methods for 21st century learning: A Teacher Action Research Project. Meridian: A K-16. School Computer Technologies Journal, 1- 13.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). Making cooperative learning work. Theory in Practice, 38(2), 67-73. Dicapai dari http://www.jstor.org/stable/1477225.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (2014). Cooperative learning: Improving university instruction by basing practice on validated theory. J. Excel. Coll. Teach. 25, 85-118.
Jordan, N., Kaplan, D., Locuniak, M., & Ramineni, C. (2007). Predicting first grade achievement from developmental number sense trajectories. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 22(1), 36-46.
Joseph, G. (2013). A study on school factors influencing students’ attitude towards learning mathematics in the community secondary schools in Tanzania: The case of Bukoba Municipal Council in Kagera Region. (Masters dissertation). Dicapai dari http://repository.out.ac.tz/919/.
Juwita, H. (2017). Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dan self efficacy siswa MTS melalui model pembelajaran Pogil. Tesis. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Kabeera, P. (2019). Examining the influence of student’s perception on mathematics performance: Case of three selected Rwandan secondary schools. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, Volume 8 Number 1, 33-41.
Kagan, S. (1994). Cooperative learning. San Ciemente, California, Kagan Publishing.
Kamrulzaman, N., Jomhari, N., Raus, N. M., & Yusoff, M. Z. M. (2015). Applying the fuzzy Delphi method analyze the user requirement for user centred design process in order to create learning applications. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(32), 1-7.
Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat. (2005). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kanev, K., Kimura, S., & Orr, T. (2009). A framework for collaborative learning in dynamic group environments. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 7(1), 58-77.
Karami, M., Pakmehr, H., & Aghili, A. (2012). Another view to importance of teaching methods in curriculum: Collaborative learning and students’ critical thinking disposition. Procedia-Social dan Behavioral Sciences, 46(2012), 3266-3270.
Kartimi, Shidiq, A. S., Nasrudin, D. (2021). The elementary teacher readiness toward STEMBased contextual learning in 21st Century Era. Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 20 (1), 145-156. Dicapai dari http://ilkogretim-online.org doi: 10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.019.
Kaufmann, A. and Gupta, M.M. (1988) Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering and management science. Elsevier Science Publishers, North-Holland, Amsterdam, N.Y.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013 - 2025. Dicapai dari https://www.moe.gov.my/images/dasarkpm/ PPP/Preliminary-Blueprint-BM.pdf.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Laporan Tahunan 2015 Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Dicapai dari https://www.padu.edu.my/wpcontent/ uploads/2018/01/KPM_Laporan_Tahunan_2015.pdf
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017). Pembelajaran abad ke-21; PAK21. Dicapai dari http://upa.ipgkda.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/PAK21- KPM.pdf.
Kerrigan, J. (2018) Active learning strategies for the mathematics classroom. College Teaching, 66(1), 35-36, DOI: 10.1080/87567555.2017.1399335.
Khalil, N. M. & Osman, K. (2017). STEM-21Cs module: Fostering 21st century skills through integrated STEM, K-12 STEM Education, 3(3), 225-233.
Khan, M. A., Law, L. S. (2015). Integrative approach to curriculum development in higher education in USA: A theoretical framework. International Education Studies, 8(3), 66-76.
Khatib, H. (2006). Aktif dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran biologi. Persoalanpersoalan dalam Biologi, 8(2), 1-6.
Khun-Inkeree, H., Omar-Fauzee, m. S., & Khairi, D. M. (2016). The mathematics performance of primary school students in Southern Thailand. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Dvelopment, 5(3), 41-51. Dicapai dari http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v5-i3/2208.
Killen, R. (2013). Effective teaching strategies: Lessons from research and practice. 6th Edition. Cengage Learning, Australia. ISBN: 97801703563290170356329.
Kirk, R. E. (2013). Experimental design: Procedure for behavioral science (4th Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kivunja, C. (2014). Innovative pedagogies in higher education to become effective teachers of 21st century skills: Unpacking the learning and innovations skills domain of the new learning paradigm. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(4), 37-48. e-ISSN: 1927-6052.
Kivunja, C. (2015.a). Exploring the pedagogical meaning and implications of the 4Cs “super skills” for the 21st century through Bruner’s 5E lenses of knowledge construction to improve pedagogies of the new learning paradigm. Creative Education, 6, 224-239.http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.62021.
Kivunja, C. (2015.b). Using De Bono’s six thinking hats model to teach critical thinking and problem solving skills essential for success in the 21st century economy. Creative Education, 2015(6), 380-391.
Kivunja, C. (2015.c). Teaching students to learn and to work well with 21st century skills: Unpacking the career and life domain of the new learning paradigm. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 1-11.
Kleinsmith, C. L. (2017). The effects of using Padlet on the academic performance and engagement of students in a fifth grade basic skills mathematics classroom. Theses and Dissertations. 2403. Dicapai dari http://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/2403.
Knapp, T. R. (2016). Why is the one-group pretest-posttest design still used? Clinical Nursing Research, 25(5), 467-472. Dicapai dari https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1054773816666280.
Kocak, Z. F., Bozan, R., & Isik, O. (2009). The importance of group work in mathematics . Procedia Social and Behaviorial Sciences, 2009(1), 2363-2365. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.414.
Kohn, A. (1991). “Caring Kids: The Role of the Schools.” Phi Delta Kappan 72/7: 496-506.
Kompf, M., & Bond, R. (2001). Critical reflection in adult education. InT: Barer-Stein & M. Kompf (Eds.). The Craft of Teaching Adults, 21-38.
Krathwohl, D.R., Bloom, B.S., and Masia, B.B. (1964). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: David McKay Company
Krishnan, S. (2016). Students’ perceptions of learning mode in mathematics.The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 32-41.
Krull, E., & Kurm, H. (1996). Hilda Taba: A worldwide known educator from Estonia: Taba’s biography, ideas and impact on Estonian education. Retrospektiven in Sachen Bildurg, 2(17), 1-19.
Kuhn, D. (2005). Education for thinking. Cambridge, Massachussetts: Harvard University Press.
Laanemets, U., & Kalamees-Ruubel, K. (2013). The Taba-Tyler rationales. Journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Curriculum Studies, 19, 1- 12.
Laili Farhana Md Ibharim, Maizatul Hayati Mohamad Yatim & Md Nasir Masran. (2015). Menerokai kemahiran abad ke-21 kanak-kanak dalam proses reka bentuk permainan penceritaan. Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 2(1), 82 – 96.
Lamon, S. L. (2008). Teaching fractions and ratios for understanding essential content knowledge and instructional strategies for teachers, 2nd Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Langworthy, M. (2013). 21st century learning design: Learning that matters. Dicapai dari https://www.internationalpublishers.org/images/pressreleases/EducationalPubl ishing/m_langworthy.pdf.
Lape, N.K. (2011). “Tiered scaffolding of problem-based learning techniques in a thermodynamics course”. Proceedings of the 2011 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, June 2011.
Law, P., Sokoloff, D., & Thornton, R. (1999). Promoting active learning using the results of physics educational research. UniServe ScienceNews, 13th July 1999.
Leong, L. K. (2007). Penyelesaian masalah matematik sekolah rendah dengan menggunakan strategi melukis gambar rajah. Pembudayaan penyelidikan ke arah kecemerlangan profesionalisme keguruan. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang Tahun 2007.
Lester, S. & Russell, S. (2008). Play for a change. Play policy and practice: A review of contemporary perspectives. Play, England. Dicapai dari http://www.worldleisure. org/pdfs/Copy%20of%20book_rev_play_for_change.pdf.
Levin-Goldberg, J. (2012). Teaching generation TechX with the 4Cs: Using technology to integrate 21st century skills. Journal of Instructional Research, 1, 59-66.
Levy, F., & Murnane, R. J. (2005). The new division of labour: How computers are creating the next job market. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9781400845927.
Lim, C. E., Faizahani Ab Rahman & Lawal Abdul Faragai. (2017). Teachers’ awareness towards 21st century teaching and its implementation (Administrators’ Perspective). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 125, 156-158.
Lippl, C. (2013). The four Cs of 21st century skills. Zuluma Education Trends. http://zuluma.com/education-trends/four-cs-21st-centuryskills/#. VLEHY2SUdew.
Madar, A. R., Kamaruddin, N. A., & Puteh, S. (2005). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencapaian pelajar dalam menguasai matapelajaran kejuruteraan di politeknik kementerian pengajian tinggi Malaysia. Prosiding Seminar Pendidikan JPPG, 52-59. Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal, Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussien Onn, Malaysia.
Mahamod, Z. (2011). Strengthening teachers and students: Teaching and learning Malay language in 21st century. Kertas Kerja Ucaptama di Seminar Bahasa Melayu Singapura 2011. Pusat Bahasa Melayu Singapura, 1 Jun 2011.
Mahbib, U. M., & Esa, A. (2014). Cooperative method as 21st century classroom choice: Literature review. International Seminar on Technical and Vocational 2014 (TVEIS 2014), 747-761.
Maleki, A. (2007). Teachability of communication strategies: An Iranian experience. System, 35(4), 583-594.
Maleki, A. (2010). Techniques to teach communication strategies. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(5), 640-646. ISSN: 1798-4769. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4304/jltr.1.5.640_646.
Maleki, H., & Habibipour, M. (2007). Critical thinking develops: Basic purpose of education. Journal of Education Innovation 6(19), 93-108.
Mansor, R., Hassan, H. N., Abdulla, N., & Yussuf, N. A. N. (2015). Effectiveness of i-Think toward pupils’ performance and interest in learning year 4 characteristic of material. Mathematics & Science Educational, 5(2), 98-116. ISSN 2232-0393.
Marsden, E., & Torgerson, C. J. (2012). Single group, pre and post-test research designs: Some methodological concerns. Oxford Reviews of Education, 38(5), 583-616. Dicapai dari http://dx.doi.org/10/1086/03054985.2012.731208.
Mashira Yahaya, Rusyati Hanafiah, Nor Sazila Zakaria, Rohana Osman, Khairul Anuar Bahrin. (2019). Amalan pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK21) dalam pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) guru-guru sekolah rendah. Jurnal IPDA, 26, 13-24.
Masyuniza Yunos. (2015). Attitude relationship and students’ perception through Malay language learning with 21st century skills. Malay Language Education Journal-MyLEJ, 5(2), 22-30. ISSN 2180-4842.
Matanluk, O. et al. (2012). The effectiveness of using teaching modul based on radical constructivism toward students learning process. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90 (2013), 607-615.
Math Fluency. (2011). Scholastic research foundation paper research foundation & evidence of effectiveness for FASTT math. Dicapai dari http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/active/math-fluency.
Mazana, M. Y., Montero, C. S., & Casmir, R. O. (2019). Investigating students’ attitude towards learning mathematics. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, Vol. 14, No. 1, 207-231. Dicapai dari https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/3997.
Md Noor Saper, Nurul Ain Mohd Daud & Norazani Ahmad. (2016). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan Modul I-Sc (Islamic Spiritual Counselling) ke atas pelajar bermasalah tingkah laku. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 9(June), 32-43. ISSN 2232-1314.
Mei, S. Y., Ju, S. Y., & Zalika Adam. (2018). Implementing Quizizz as game based learning in the Arabic classroom. European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, Jan. Apr. 2018, 12(1), 208-212.
Mensah, J. K., Okyere, M., & Kuranchie, A. (2013). Student attitude towards Mathematics and performance: Does the teacher attitude matter? Journal of Education and Practice, 4(3), 132-139.
Mingke, G. P., & Alegre, E. M. (2019). Difficulties encountered in mathematical word problem solving of the grade six learners. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(6), 336-345. ISSN 2250-3153 Dicapai dari http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.06.2019.p9053
Mohamad Adam B, Evi Diana O, Nur Akmal B. (2018). A review on sample size determination for Cronbach’s alpha test: A simple guide for researchers. Malays Journal Med Sci, 25(6):85–99. https://doi.org/10. 21315/mjms2018.25.6.9
Mohamad, H. B. (2017). The impact of problem-based learning on students’ competencies in technical vocational education and training. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah. Aalborg Universitet. https://doi.org/10.5278/vbn.phd.00015
Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip, Md. Noor Saper, Samsiah Jais, Aslina Ahmad, Nurul Yakin Supeni. 2014. Pembinaan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan Modul Transfromasi Ehsan Pusat Perlidungan Wanita Baitul Ehsan, Sabak Bernam, Geran Penyelidikan MAIS.
Mohammad, B. et al. (2008). Psikologi pendidikan dalam PTV. Projek Sarjana Muda, UTHO.
Mohammad, W.M. R. W., Subramaniam, V. (2014). Daya kreativiti kanak-kanak: Satu kajian kes. Procedia-Social & Behavioral Sciences, 134, 436-445.
Mohd Izwan Mahmud, Sidek Mohd Noah, Jamaludin Ahmad & Wan Marzuki Wan Ahmad. (2016). Modul kesediaan kerjaya berdasarkan teori Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). Jurnal Kurikulum dan Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 4(3), 59-75.
Mohd Majid Konting. 2000. Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Ed. Ke-5. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamil, Zaharah Hussin, Nurul Rabihah Mat Noh, Ahmad Arifin Sapar, & Norlidah Alias. (2013). Application of fuzzy Delphi method in educational research. In S. Siraj, N. Alias, D. Dewitt, & Z. Hussin, Design And development research, 85-92. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Pearson.
Mohd Syukri Zainal Abidin, Che Zarrina Sa’ari & Syed Mohammad Hilmi Syed Abdul Rahman. (2017). Analisis teknik fuzzy Delphi terhadap keperluan psikoterapi zikir dalam meningkatkan motivasi kanak-kanak autistik Muslim. The Online Journal of Islamic Education, 5(2), 29-42.
Mortimer, A. (2016). The 4Cs in action. Parent Workshop 2. Hurstville Public School. amy.mortimer@det.nsw.edu.au.
Moylan, W. (2008). Learning by project: Developing essential 21st century skills using student team projects. International Journal of Learning, 15(9), 287- 292.
Muhammad Ayisy Baharudin & Mohd Ashraf Ibrahim (2019). Kesediaan pelaksanaan pengajaran abad ke-21 dalam kalangan guru pelatih Sejarah IPG Zon Selatan. Jurnal Penyelidikan Sains Sosial, 2(5), 32 - 42.
Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah (2014). Development of activity-based mLearning implementation model for undergraduate English Language learning. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Muianga, X. (2019). The role of ICT in the shift towards studentcentred learning in higher education Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique: A case study. Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer and Systems Sciences. Stockholm University, Sweden. Dicapai dari https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1298381/FULLTEXT02.pdf
Muijis, D., & Reynolds, D. (2011). Effective teaching: Evidence and practice (3rd ed.) Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Murray, T. J., Pipino, L. L., & Gigch, J. P. (1985). A pilot study of fuzzy set modification of Delphi. Human Systems Management, 6–80.
Namsone, D., Cakane, L., France, I., & Butkevica, A. (2016). Lesson-based professional development as a way to help primary teachers teach 21st century skills. Proceedings of the ICERI 2016 Conference. Seville, Spain.
Naquiah Nahar & Jimaain Safar. (2017). Penguasaan pengetahuan kandungan (content knowledge): Pemangkin keterampilan pedagogi Jawi berkesan abad ke-21. Jurnal Teknikal dan Sains Sosial, 8(1), 45-59.
Nardi, E., Stewart, S. (2003). Is mathematics T.I.R.E.D? A profile of quiet disaffection in the secondary mathematics classroom. Br. Educ. Res. J. 29, 345-367.
National Center on Quality Teaching and Learning. (2015). Preschool curriculum consumer report. Washington, DC: Office of Head Start, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dicapai dari https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/curriculumconsumer- report.pdf
National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking. (2017). A draft statement of principle. Dicapai dari http://tinyurl.com/y79xcx52.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: Reston, VA, USA.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2011). Intervention: A position of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: Reston, VA, USA.
National Education Association. (2010). An educator’s guide to the “four Cs”: Preparing 21st century students for a global society. Dicapai dari http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/A-Guide-to-Four-Cs.pdf.
Nesari, A. J. (2014). The important role of lesson plan on educational achievement of Iranian EFL teachers’ attitudes. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 3(5).
Nesin, G. (2012). Active learning: Students and teachers are engaged in active and purposeful learning. In this we believe in action. Implementing Successful Middle Level Schools, 17-22. Westerville, OH: Association for Middle Level Education.
Newman, M. A. (1977). An analysis of sixth-grade pupils' errors on written mathematical tasks. In Clements, M. A. & Ellerton, N. (1996), The Newman procedure for analysing errors on written mathematical tasks. Dicapai dari http://users.tpg.com.au/ arnold10/PAGES/newman.htm.
Nieme, H. (2009). Why from teaching to learning? European Educational Research Journal, 8(1), 1-17. Dicapai dari http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ecrj.2009.8.1.1.
Nolting, P. D. (2012). Math Study Skill. (Edisi Ke-4). California: Cengage Learning.
Noor Azlan Ahmad Zanzali. (2004). Perkembangan dan cabaran pendidikan matematik di abad ke-21. Ceramah Perdana Profesor, 28 Februari, 2004. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Noor Hisham Md Nawi. (2011). Pengajaran dan pembelajaran; Penelitian semula konsep-konsep asas menurut perspektif gagasan Islamisasi ilmu moden. Kongres Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran UKM, 18-20 Disember. Hotel Vistana, Pulau Pinang.
Noorzeliana Idris, Norazilawati Abdullah & Saniah Sembak. (2015). Kesedaran metakognisi dan pemahaman konsep dalam penyelesaian masalah matematik. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 5(2).
Nor Hazizah Julaihi & Aniza Hamdan. (2019). Malaysian secondary school teachers’ readiness in implementing 21st century learning (PAK21). Proceeding of International Conference on Education in the Digital Ecosystem, 320-331.
Norezan Ibrahim, Azzlina Adzra’ai, Rosilawati Sueb & Siti Fairuz Dalim Trainee. (2019) Teachers’ readiness towards 21st century teaching practices. Asian Journal of University Education, 109-120.
Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.
Norazlin Mohd Rusdin. (2018). Dadu BiMate: An innovation of board game to help pupils master the basic concept of mathematics and increasing their fluency in basic facts. I-PEX 2018 Proceeding, 48-51. CEE Books Series. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru.
Norfaizah Md Kamary & Mahizer Bin Hamzah. (2019). Kesediaan guru matematik Daerah Kuala Langat dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran abad ke 21. Prosiding Seminar Antarabangsa Isu-Isu Pendidikan, 110-130.
Norlidah Alias, Saedah Siraj, Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman, & Dewitt, D. (2013). Design and development research: Emergent trends in educational research. In N. A. Saedah Siraj, Emergent trends in educational research, 2-15. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Pearson.
Norlidah Alias, Dewitt, D., & Saedah Siraj. (2013). Development of science pedagogical module based on learning styles and technology. Pearson Malaysia.
Norulbiah Ngah & Effandi Zakaria. (2016). Keupayaan pelajar dalam menjana masalah, menyelesaikan masalah matematik dan sikap pelajar terhadap penyelesaian masalah. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematik, 4(1), 1-16.
Nurahimah Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Nidzam Yaakob. (2016). Analisis fuzzy Delphi terhadap halangan dalam pelaksanaan mobile e-Learning di Institut Pendidikan Guru. Jurnal Penyelidikan Dedikasi, 11, 32-50.
Oliva, P. F. (2009). Developing the curriculum, 7th Edition. Bonston: Pearson.
Ong, S. C., Zamri Mahamod, Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah. (2017). Meneroka kaedah pengajaran guru cemerlang Bahasa Melayu Negeri Sarawak: satu kajian kes. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 7(1), 93-108. Dicapai dari http://spaj.ukm.my/jpbm/index.php/jpbm/article/view/138.
Ontario Ministry of Education. (2016). 21st century competencies: Towards defining 21st century competencies for Ontario. Winter 2016 Edition, Phase 1.
Ornstein, A., & Hunkins, F. (2009) Curriculum design. In curriculum: Foundations, principles and issues (5th Ed.), 181-206. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Osman, B. H. A., & Basar, M. N. (2016). 21st century teaching and learning practice among lecturer at Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Ipoh. Dedication Research Journal, Jilid 10.
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2012.a). What we know about collaboration. Part of the 4Cs research series. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/Research/P21_4Cs_Research_Bri ef_Series_Collaboration.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2012.b). What we know about creativity. Part of the 4Cs research series. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/Research/P21_4Cs_Research_Bri ef_Series_Creativity.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2015). P21 framework definitions. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/P21_Framework_Definitions_Ne w_Logo_2015.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2016). What we know about critical thinking. Parts of the 4Cs research series. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/Research/P21_4Cs_Research_Bri ef_Series_Critical_Thinking.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2007). The intellectual and policy foundations of the 21st century skills framework. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/docs/Intellectual_and_Policy_Foundati ons.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2009). Curriculum and instruction: A 21st century skills implementation guide. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/p21- stateimp_curriculuminstruction.pdf.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2011). Framework for 21st century learning. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/about-us/p21-framework.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2014). Learning for the 21st century. A report and MILE guide for 21st century skills. Dicapai dari http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/P21_Report.pdf.
Pao-Long Chang & Chiung-Wen Hsu. (2011.a). An assessment model for hydrogen fuel cell applications: Fuzzy Delphi approach. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(3), 218-223.
Pao-Long Chang & Chiung-Wen Hsu. (2011.b). Fuzzy Delphi approach for evaluating hydrogen fuel cell applications. International Conference on Educational and Management Technology, PEDR, 13(2011), IACSTT Press, Singapore.
Patena, A. D., & Dinglasan, B. L. (2013). Students’ Performance on Mathematics Departmental Examination: Basis for Math Intervention Program. Asian Academic Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 1(14), 255-268.
Pearlman, B. (2009). Making 21st century schools: Creating learner-centered schoolplaces/workplaces for a new culture of students at work. Educational Technology, September-October 2009, 14-19.
Phonapichat, P., Wongwanich, S., & Sujiva, S. (2014). An analysis of elementary school students’ difficulties in mathematical problem solving. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3169-3174.
Piaget, J. (1952). The construction of reality in the child. Translated by Cook, M., 1955, Routledge and Kegan Paul. International University Press, Inc.
Piaget, J. (2013). The construction of reality in the child. Routledge: London.
Piascik, D. (2015). Preparing America’s students for college and career: Common core learning standards. Dicapai dari http://www.mspiascik.weebly.com/common-core-learning-standards.html.
Ping, O. W., & Hua, A. K. (2015). Mathematical operations from teacher to student: A case study of applied Division Wheel in primary school. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research, 3 (9), 82-86.
Pink, D. H. (2009). Drive the surprising truth about what motivates us. Riverhead Books. New York.
Prince, M. (2004). Does active learning work? A review of the research. Journal of Engineering Education, 93(3), 223-231.
Pua, P. K., Lai, C. S., & Lee, M. F. (2017). Identifying mental health elements among technical university students using fuzzy Delphi method. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater Sci. Eng. 226012189.
Puteh, S. N., Ghazali, N. A., Tamyis, M. M., & Ali, A. (2012). Keprihatinan guru bahasa Melayu dalam melaksanakan kemahiran berfikir kritis dan kreatif. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2(2), 19-23. ISSN: 2180-4842.
Quek, M. L. (2006). Hubungan antara sikap, minat, pengajaran guru dan pengaruh rakan sebaya dengan pencapaian matematik di kalangan pelajar tingkatan empat di daerah Batu Pahat, Johor. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
Rahim, N. A., & Abdullah, A. H. (2017). Secondary school mathematics teachers readiness in implementing 21st teaching and learning process. Education Contemporary Issues. ISBN 978-967-0194-68-4. UTM, Skudai.
Raja Abdullah & Daud Ismail. (2018). Aplikasi ‘konsep 4C’ pembelajaran abad ke-21 dalam kalangan guru pelatih Pengajian Agama Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Dato’ Razali Ismail. Asian People Journal, 1(1), 45-65. Dicapai dari www.uniszajournals.com/apj
Rajendran, N. S. (2001). Teaching high order thinking skills: Teachers’ readiness in conducting teaching and learning process. Seminar/Project Exhibition KBKK: Poster ‘Warisan-Pendidikan-Wawasan’. BPK, KPM.
Raphael, D. (2015). Collaborative teaching model. Baulkham Hills, NSW: William Clarke College.
Rashidah Mohd, Saedah Siraj & Zaharah Hussin. (2018). Aplikasi kaedah fuzzy Delphi dalam pembangunan modul pengajaran pantun berasaskan maksud al- Quran mengenai keindahan flora, fauna dan langit Tingkatan 2. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 8(2), 57-67. ISSN: 2180-4842.
Razak, R. A. (2013). Pembelajaran berasaskan penghasilan cerita digital multimedia bagi menganalisis novel bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 38(1), 53-64.
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D., & Nelson, W.A. (2004). Development research: Studies of instructional design and development. Dicapai dari file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/RicheyKleinNelson_DevResearch%20(1).pdf.
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2005). Developmental research methods: Creating knowledge from instructional design and developmental practice. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, Spring 2005, 16(2), 23-38.
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2007). Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Redish, E., Saul, J., & Steinberg, R. (1997). On the effectiveness of activeengagement microcomputer-based laboratories. American Journal of Physics, 65(1), 45.
Riel, M. (1996). Cross-classroom-collaboration: Communication and education. In Tim Koschman (Ed), Computer supported collaborative learning: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm, 187-207. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Elbaum Associates.
Rikhotso, S. B. (2015) Primary school learners’ attitudes on mathematics learning in mathematics. Master of Education Dissertation, University of South Africa.
Riziandy Nawawi, Amalia Madihie, Salmah Mohamad Yusoff, Siti Norazila Mohd Said, & Remy Sharmila Mohamed Sebli. (2016). Pembinaan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan intervensi modul kecemerlangan diri berdasarkan nilai bersama yang memfokuskan kepada transformasi PAN. Conference Paper, March 2016. Dicapai dari 297313810_Pembinaan_Kesahan_dan_Kebolehpercayaan_Intervensi_Kaunsel ing_Modul_Kecemerlangan_Diri_berdasarkan_6_Nilai_Bersama_yang_Memf okuskan_kepada_Transformasi_PANS, Researgate.
Robinson, K. (2011). Out of our minds: Learning to be creative. Capture Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom.
Rohani Seman, Amani Dahaman@Dahlan & Norhayati Yahaya. (2019). Pembelajaran abad ke-21, amalan 4K 1N berasaskan Modul MJSASFC dalam kalangan guru-guru pendidikan asas vokasional (PAV) Zon Utara. Seminar Antarabangsa Isu-Isu Pendidikan (ISPEN 2019 || eISBN 978-967-2122-77-7) 29 Ogos 2019 || Auditorium Dr. Zainuddin Jaafar, KUIS.
Rose, G., & Vaccaro, K. (2017). 5 Steps for managing your multilevel classroom. TESOL Connections. TESOL International Association. Dicapai dari http://newsmanager.commpartners.com/tesolc/issues/2017-01-01/2.html
Rosenlein, J. G., Caldwell, J. H., & Crown, W. D. (1996). New Jersey mathematics curriculum framework. Standard 8, Numerical operation, 251 -279.
Roslina Radzali, T. Subahan Mohd Meerah & Effandi Zakaria. (2010). Hubungan antara kepercayaan matematik, metakognisi dan perwakilan masalah dengan kejayaan penyelesaian masalah matematik. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 35(2)(2010): 1-7.
Ross, A., & Furno, C. (2011). Active learning in the library instruction environment: An exploratory study. Libraries and Academy, 11(4), 953-970.
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999) The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 15, 353–375.
Ruhl, K. L., Hughes, C. A., & Schloss, P. J. (1987). Using the pause procedure to enhance lecture recall. Teacher Education and Special Education, 10, 14-18.
Rusell, J.D. 1974. Modular instruction: A guide to the design, selection, utilization and evaluation of modular materials. United States: Publishing Company.
Sabitha Marican. 2006. Penyelidikan Sains Sosial Pendekatan Pragmatik. Batu Caves: Penerbit Edusystem Sdn. Bhd.
Saedah Siraj & Azdalila Ali. (2008). Principals Projections on the Malaysian Secondary School Future Curriculum. International Education Studies. 1(4), 61-78.
Safi, F. (2009). Exploring understanding of whole number concepts and operations: A case study analysis of prospective elementary school teachers. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah. University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
Saido, G. A. M., Siraj, S., Dewitt, D., Al-Amedy, O. S. (2018). Development of an instructional model for higher order thinking in science among secondary school students: A fuzzy Delphi approach. International Journal of Science Education, 40(8), 847-866.
Salehudin, N. N., Hassan, N. H., & Hamid, N. A. A. (2015). Mathematics and 21st century skills: Students’ perspective. Mathematics Education Journal. 3(1), 24-36. ISSN: 2231-9425.
Samsudin Drahman & Fatimah Saleh, (2004). Visualisation in solving mathematics word problem. Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan, 19, 47-65.
Samsul Hadi, Tatang Herman & Aan Hasanah. (2018). Students' difficulties in solving mathematical problems. International Journal of Educational Science and Research, 8(1), 55-64. Dicapai dari https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/145046.pdf.
Sanders, S. (2016). Critical and creative thinkers in mathematics classroom. Journal of Students Engagement: Education Matters, 6(1),19-27.
Sanderson, D. R. (2014). Create hands-on learning manipulatives to enhance basic skills. Texas Child Care Quarterly, Spring 2014, 37(4).
Saroja Dhanapal & Evelyn Wan Zi Shan. (2014). A study on the effectiveness of hands-on experiments in learning science among year 4 students. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 3(1).
Savich, C. K. (2009). Improving critical thinking skills in history. Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research, 11(2). Dicapai dari https://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2470-6353.1106.
Saxena, S. (2015). How do You teach the 4Cs for students (Part 1): Creativity and innovation? Nioda Delhi NCR: Amity University. Dicapai dari http://edtechreview.in/trends.insight/insight/914-how-do-you-teach-the-4Csto- students-part-1-creativity-and-innovation.
Schatz, J. (2015). Why 21st century skills? From the Cabinet. Fargo Public School.
Schofield, H. L. (1982). Sex, grade level, and the relationship between mathematics attitude and achievement in children. The Journal of Educational Research, 75(5), 280-284.
Scott, C. L. (2015). The future of learning 3: What kind of pedagogies for the 21st century? Education Research and Foresight Working Paper, 15 Decemcer 2015. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Orgnization.
Seah, R. T. K., & Booker, G. (2005). Lack of numeration and multiplication conceptual knowledge in middle school students: A barrier to the development of insight school mathematics? Stimulating the “Action” as Participants in Participatory Research, 86-98. Griffith University.
Seefeldt, C. (2004). Helping children communicate. Scholastic Early Childhood Today, 19 (1) 36-42.
Seels, B.B. and Richey, R.C. (1994) Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. AECT, Washington DC.
Shafritz, J. M. (1988) The Dorsey dictionary of American government and politics (Chicago, Dorsey Press).
Shahril, M., Abdullah, N. A., & Yusof, J. M. (2015). Factors affecting students’ performance in mathematics: Case studies in three primary school. ICMI-East Asia Conference on Mathematics Education. 11th-15th May 2015, Cebu City, Philipines.
Shariza Said. (2017). Pembangunan modul latihan pendidikan seksualiti untuk guru Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) peringkat sekolah rendah. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Sidek Mohd Noah & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.
Simpson, E. (1972). The classification of educational objectives in the psychomotor domain: The psychomotor domain. Washington, DC. Gryphon House.
Sinay, E., & Nahornick, A. (2016). Teaching and learning mathematics research series 1: Affective instructional strategies (Research Report No. 16/17-08). Toronto, Ontario Canada: Toronto District School Board.
Siti Farah Haryatie Mohd Kanafiah & Azlina Jumadi. (2013). Students’ perception towards mathematics: Attitudes, interest and lecturers’ teaching. International Symposium on Mathematical Sciences and Computing Research (iSMSC 2013), 6-7 December 2013, Perak, Malaysia.
Siti Zuraida Maarof. (2014). Pembangunan Modul Pedagogi Responsif Budaya Kraf Tradisional Pendidikan Seni Visual Sekolah Menengah. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Slavin, R. E. (2008). Cooperative learning, success for all, and evidence-based reform in education. Education et Didactique, 2(2), 151-159.
Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium. (2015). 2015 Results: Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC). SFUSD Board Presentation, 29th September, 2015.
Smit, L. S. (2016). A better understanding of 21st century skills in mathematics education and a view on these skills in current practice. Research Project (30ECTS): Research Paper, Sept. 2015 – Feb. 2016. Master of Science Education and Communication, Utrecht University.
Smith, S. (2013). Hilda Taba. Curriculum pioneer and architect. In Thomas S. Poetter, (Ed.), What curriculum theorists of the 1960s can teach us about schools and society today, 181-191. Charlotte. North Carolina: Information Age Publishing.
Smith, K. A. (1996). Cooperative learning: Making “group work” work. In active learning: Lessons from practice and emerging issues. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 67, 71-82. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Sofroniou, A., & Poutus, K. (2016). Investigating the effectiveness of group work in mathematics. Education Sciences. 6(30). Dicapai dari http://dx.doi/org/10.3390/edusci6030030.
Suci Ramadhanti Febriani, Wildana Wargadinata, Syuhadak & Faisal Mahmoud Adam Ibrahim. (2020). Design of Arabic learning for senior high school in the 21st century. Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 12 (1): 1-21. Dicapai dari https://10.24042/albayan.v12i1.5886.
Sugiyono. (2009). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suzana Anwar. (2015). Perlakuan metakognitif murid tahun lima dalam penyelesaian masalah matematik. Tesis Sarjana, Fakulti Pendidikan dan Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Stenberg, R. J. (1999). Handbook of creativity. Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom.
Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The nature of ceativity. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 87- 98. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates inc.
Stoner, Jason & Perrewé, Pamela & Hofacker, Charles. (2011). The development and validation of the Multi‐Dimensional Identification Scale (MDIS). Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 41. 1632 - 1658.
Stull, J. B., & Baird, J. W. (1992). Business communication: A classroom simulation. Prentice Hall Publisher.
Surowiecki, J. (2005). The wisdom of crowds. First Anchor Books Edition, August 2005. New York. ISBN: 0-385-72170-6.
Suurtamm, C., Thompson, D.R., Kim, R.Y., Moreno, L.D., Sayac, N., Schukajlow, S., Silver, E., Ufer, S., Vos, P. (2016) Assessment in mathematics education. ICME-13 Topical Surveys. Springer, Cham.
Syah, S.M., Fitri, Y., Yani, B., Adlim., Qurnati, T., Nursalmi., Idris, T., & Sabarni. (2011). Action research on the implememtation of teaching for active learning in two elementary madrasahs in Aceh. Excellence in Higher Education, 2(2011), 79-89. ISSN 2153-9669.
Syyeda, F. (2016). Understanding attitudes towards mathematics (ATM) using a multimodal modal model: An exploratory case study with secondary school children in England. Cambridge Open-Review Educational Research e- Journal, 3, 32-62.
Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum development: Theory and practice. New York, NY: Harcout, Brace & World.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res Sci Educ, 2018(48), 1273-1296.
Tan, C. S., M. Teresa, and M. Rodriguez. (2016). Readiness and preparation of preservice teachers on the K to 12 Program. International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, 6(12), 13-19. ISSN 2250-0588.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2011(2), 53-55. ISSN:2042-6372.
Tarzimah Tambychika & Thamby Subahan Mohd Meerah. (2010). Students’ difficulties in mathematics problem-solving: What do they say? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8 (2010), 142–151.
Tarmizi, R. A., & Bayata, S. (2012). Collaborative problem-based learning in mathematics: A cognitive load perspective. Procedia-Social Behavioral Sciences, 32, 344-350.
TEAL Center Staff. (2010). Effective lesson planning. Teaching Experience in Adult Literacy, CA: American Institute Research.
The Buck Institute for Education. (2014). What is project based learning (PBL)? Dicapai dari http://bie.org/about/what_pbl.
The Critical Thinking Consortium. (2013). Critical thinking in elementary mathematics: What? Why? When? and How? Tips for teachers. www.tc2.ca.
The Conference Board, Inc., the Partnership for 21st Century Skills, Corporate Voices for Working Families and the Society for Human Resource Management. (2006). Are they really ready for work? Employers’ Perspective on the Basic Knowledge and Applied Skills of New Entrants to the 21st Century U.S. Workforce. ISBN: 0-8237-0888-8.
The Education Alliance. (2006). Closing the gap: Best practices in teaching mathematics. The Education Alliance. www.educationalliance.org.
The Global Learning and Observation to Benefit The Environment. (2010). A review of global learning and observation to benefit the environment. GLOBE Review Report Office of Science and Technology Policy, April 2010.
The Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs. (2008). Melbourne declaration on education goals for young. MCEETYA Secretarial, Australia. ISBN: 978-0-7594-05240.
The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Educational Innovation and Technology. (2010). Teaching competency standards in Southeast Asian Countries: Evelen country audit. A SEAMEO Regional Education Project Series. ISBN: 978-971-0487-40-0.
Thibodeau, C. (2010). NMSA in action. Middle School Journal, 41(4), 50-51. Dicapai dari https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2010.11461731.
Tinzmann, M. B. et al. (1990). What Is the collaborative classroom?. Dicapai dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251574844_What_Is_the_Collaborat ive_Classroom.
Torrefranca, E. C. (2017). Developmental and validation of instructional modules on rational expressions and variations. The Normal Lights, 11(1), 43-73.
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills learning for life in our times. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Tsai, K. C. (2012). Play, Imagination and creativity: A brief literature review. Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 1, No. 2, 15-20. ISSN 1927-5250.
Tuckman, B.W. 1988. Conducting educational research. 3rd Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute. (2016). Massachusetts high school graduation initiative (MassGrad). Final Evaluation Report, June 2016. Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.
Van Gelder, T. J. (2001). How to improve critical thinking using educational technology. In G. Kennedy, M. Keppel, C. Mc Naughty & T. Petrovic (Eds.), Meeting at the Crossroads. Proceeding of the Annual Conference of The Australian Society of Computers in Learning and Tertiary Education. IPP, 839-548, Melbourne: Biomedical Unit, the University of Melbourne.
Vijayan, K. (2012). Some correlates of poor performance in mathematics: An experience from central school for Tibetans, Dylakuppe. NCERT, New Delhi.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: MA. Harvard University Press: USA.
Vygotsky. (1930). Mind and society. Harvard University Press, USA.
Wagganer, E. L. (2015). Creating math talk communities. Teaching Children Mathematics, 22(4), 248-254.
Wallit, L. V. (2016). Enhancing the performance of grade VI-C pupils of Buyagan elementary school through the use of Arts in Maths (AIM). National Convention on Statistics, 3-4 October Mandaluyong City.
Walser, N. (2008). Teaching 21st century skills. Harvard Education Publishing Group. Dicapai dari http://hepg..org/hel/article/184.
Watson, A. (2009). Key understanding in mathematics learning, Paper 6: Algebraic reasoning. Nuffield Foundation, London. ISBN978-0-904956-73-3.
Wessel, D. (2009). Organising creativity: How to generate, capture, and collect ideas to realize creative projects. 2nd Completely Revised Edition. Dicapai dari http://www.organizingcreativity.com/oc2_1p.pdf.
Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005) Understanding by design (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development ASCD.
Wilson, R. (2016). Empathy for the ‘A’. Spring 2016, 53.
Wirkala, C., & Kuhn, D. (2011). Problem-based learning in K-12 education: Is it effective and how does it achieve its effects? American educational Research Journal, 48(5), 1157-1186. DOI:10.3102/0002831211419491.
Wong et al. (2001). Students’ views of mathematics learning: A cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong. Educational Journal, 29(2), Winter 2001, 37-59.
Wragg, E. C. (Ed). (1984). Classroom teaching skills. London.
Yackel, E., Cobb, P., & Wood, T. (1991). Small-group interactions as a source of learning opportunities in second-grade mathematics. J. Res. Math. Edu. 22, 390-408.
Yadav, A., Subedi, D., & Lundeberg, M., & Bunting, c. (2011). Problem-based learning: Influence on students’ learning in an electrical engineering course. Journal of Engineering Education, 100(2), 253-280.
Yurdugul, H. (2008). Minimum sample size for Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: A Monte Carlo study. H. U. Journal of Education, 35, 397-405.
Ysseldyke, J., Betts, J., Thill, T., and Hannigan, E. (2004). Use of an instructional management system to improve mathematics skills for students in title I Programs. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 48(4), 10–14. doi: 10.3200/psfl.48.4.10-14.
Yusop, Y. M., Sumari, M., Mohamed, F., Said, S., K.Azeez, M.T., & Jamil, M. R. M. (2015). The need analysis in self concept module development. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Science, 3(1), 44-55. Dicapai dari https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1086264.pdf.
Yap, H. S. (2013). Tingkah laku metakognitif dalam penyelesaian masalah matematik. Laporan Projek Sarjana, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Zainuddin Ibrahim. (2017). Pembangunan modul pembelajaran seni reka grafik berasaskan teknologi dan gaya pembelajaran pelajar bermasalah pendengaran. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Zakaria Omar. (2014). Pendekatan konstruktif dalam inovasi pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu di kolej vokasional. Laporan Projek Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. Dicapai dari http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7106/1/ZAKARIA_BIN_OMAR_24.pdf.
Zamri Mahamod, Kamiliah Ayu Ab. Ghani & Wan Muna Ruzanna Wan Mohammad. (2016). Penggunaan strategi pembelajaran bahasa melayu dalam kalangan murid cina berdasarkan sikap dan kemahiran bahasa. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, Vol. 6, Bil. 1 (Mei 2016), 38-51. ISSN: 2180-4842.
Zanariah Ahmad. (2017). Pembangunan modul pedagogi kelas berbalik berasaskan pembelajaran reflektif untuk politeknik premier. Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Zhang, M., Trussell, R., Gallegos, B., and Asam, R. (2015). Using math apps for improving student learning: An exploratory study in an inclusive fourth grade classroom. TECHTRENDS TECH TRENDS, 59(2), pp. 32–39. doi: 10.1007/s11528-015-0837-y.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |