Abbatecola, A. M., Ferrucci, L., Grella, R., Bandinelli, S., Bonafè, M., Barbieri, M., . . . Paolisso, G. (2004). Diverse effect of inflammatory markers on insulin resistance and insulin-resistance syndrome in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(3), 399-404. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52112.x

Acharya, A. B., Thakur, S., Muddapur, M. V., & Kulkarni, R. D. (2016). Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4 and -6 in the serum of health, chronic periodontitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 20(5), 509-513. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.201694

Al-Goblan, A. S., Al-Alfi, M. A., & Khan, M. Z. (2014). Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 7, 587-591. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S67400

Ates, I. (2018). Type 2 diabetes mechanisms, role of cytokines and their variations in disease development. Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 43(1), 31-40. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Banerjee, M., & Saxena, M. (2014). Genetic polymorphisms of cytokine genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes, 5(4), 493-504. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Cieślak, M., Wojtczak, A., & Cieślak, M. (2015). Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines of pancreatic islets and prospects of elaboration of new methods for the diabetes treatment. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 62(1), 15-21. doi:10.18388/abp.2014_853

Elbe-Bürger, A., Egyed, A., Olt, S., Klubal, R., Mann, U., Rappersberger, K., . . . Stingl, G. (2002). Overexpression of IL-4 alters the homeostasis in the skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 118(5), 767-778. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01753.x

Erbaǧci, A. B., Tarakçioǧlu, M., Coşkun, Y., Sivasli, E., & Sibel Namiduru, E. (2001). Mediators of inflammation in children with type I diabetes mellitus: Cytokines in type I diabetic children. Clinical Biochemistry, 34(8), 645-650. doi:10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00275-2

Festa, A., D'Agostino Jr., R., Tracy, R. P., & Haffner, S. M. (2002). Elevated levels of acute-phase proteins and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 predict the development of type 2 diabetes: The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes, 51(4), 1131-1137. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1131

Galavi, H. R., Saravani, R., Alamdari, A. R., Ranjbar, N., Damani, E., & Khodakhier, T. N. (2016). Evaluating the effect of the rs2229238 and the rs4845625 interleukin 6 receptor gene polymorphisms on body mass index and the risk of type 2 diabetes in an iranian study population. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 5(4) doi:10.5812/ijhrba.33289

Geerlings, S. E., Brouwer, E. C., Van Kessel, K. C. P. M., Gaastra, W., Stolk, R. P., & Hoepelman, A. I. M. (2000). Cytokine secretion is impaired in women with diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 30(11), 995-1001. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00745.x

Gomes, K. B. (2017). IL-6 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: T cell responses and increase in IL-6 receptor surface expression. Annals of Translational Medicine, 5(1) doi:10.21037/atm.2016.12.74

Groop, L. C., Saloranta, C., Shank, M., Bonadonnaj, R. C., Ferrannini, E., & Defronzo, R. A. (1991). The role of free fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 72(1), 96-107. doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-96

Hak, A. E., Pols, H. A. P., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Meijer, J., Kiliaan, A. J., Hofman, A., . . . Witteman, J. C. M. (2001). Markers of inflammation and cellular adhesion molecules in relation to insulin resistance in nondiabetic elderly: The rotterdam study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86(9), 4398-4405. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.9.7873

Hashizume, M., & Mihara, M. (2011). IL-6 and lipid metabolism. Inflamm Regen, 31(3), 325-333. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Helaly, M. A. -., Hatata, E. -. Z., Abu-Elmagd, M., Ibrahem, E. F., Alsaid, A., El-Aal, I. A. A., & Settin, A. (2013). Association of IL-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus among egyptian patients. [Mısır'lı hastalarda tip 2 diyabet ile IL-10 ve IL-6 gen poliformizmi arasındaki i̇lişki] European Journal of General Medicine, 10(3), 158-162. doi:10.29333/ejgm/82250

Hotamisligil, G. S., Arner, P., Caro, J. F., Atkinson, R. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1995). Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in human obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 95(5), 2409-2415. doi:10.1172/JCI117936

Hotamisligil, G. S., Peraldi, P., Budavari, A., Ellis, R., White, M. F., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1996). IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-α- and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science, 271(5249), 665-668. doi:10.1126/science.271.5249.665

Hussain, M. K., Deli, F. A., Algenabi, A. H. A., & Abdul-Rudha, K. H. (2018). Adiponectin gene polymorphisms as a predictor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in iraqi population. Gene, 662, 118-122. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.087

Jain, S. K., Kannan, K., Lim, G., Matthews-Greek, J., McVie, R., & Bocchini Jr., J. A. (2003). Elevated blood interleukin-6 levels in hyperketonemic type 1 diabetic patients and secretion by acetoacetate-treated cultured U937 monocytes. Diabetes Care, 26(7), 2139-2143. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.7.2139

Kiani, A., García-Cózar, F. J., Habermann, I., Laforsch, S., Aebischer, T., Ehninger, G., & Rao, A. (2001). Regulation of interferon-γ gene expression by nuclear factor of activated T cells. Blood, 98(5), 1480-1488. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.5.1480

Kieffer, T. J., Heller, R. S., Leech, C. A., Holz, G. G., & Habener, J. F. (1997). Leptin suppression of insulin secretion by the activation of ATP- sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes, 46(6), 1087-1093. doi:10.2337/diab.46.6.1087

Kristiansen, O. P., & Mandrup-Poulsen, T. (2005). Interleukin-6 and diabetes: The good, the bad, or the indifferent? Diabetes, 54(SUPPL. 2), S114-S124. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S114

Kulseng, B., Skjåk-BræK, G., Følling, I., & Espevik, T. (1996). TNF production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetic patients after stimulation with alginate and lipopolysaccharide. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 43(3), 335-340. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-43.x

Liu, S., Tinker, L., Song, Y., Rifai, N., Bonds, D. E., Cook, N. R., . . . Manson, J. E. (2007). A prospective study of inflammatory cytokines and diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(15), 1676-1685. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.15.1676

Lowe, G., Woodward, M., Hillis, G., Rumley, A., Li, Q., Harrap, S., . . . Chalmers, J. (2014). Circulating inflammatory markers and the risk of vascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or risk factors: The advance study. Diabetes, 63(3), 1115-1123. doi:10.2337/db12-1625

Malenica, M., Šilar, M., Dujić, T., Bego, T., Semiz, S., Škrbo, S., . . . Čaušević, A. (2017). Importance of inflammatory markers and IL-6 for diagnosis and follow up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Značaj inflamatornih markera i IL-6 u dijagnozi i praćenju pacijenata s dijabetes melitusom tipa 2] Medicinski Glasnik, 14(2), 169-175. doi:10.17392/920-17

Mcneely, M. J., Chessler, S. D., Boyko, E. J., Leonnetti, D. L., Weigle, D. S., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Shofer, J. B. (1999). Association between baseline plasma leptin levels and subsequent development of diabetes in japanese americans. Diabetes Care, 22(1), 65-70. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.1.65

Nuhiar, R. S., Salman, A. N., & AL-Rekaby, H. R. (2018). The some cytokines levels (TGFβ1, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17) in sera patients with diabetes mellitus Type1, type 2 in nassiriya city. J.Thi-Qar Sci, 6(4), 42-48. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Panagi, L., Poole, L., Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2019). Sex differences in interleukin-6 stress responses in people with type 2 diabetes. Psychophysiology, 56(6) doi:10.1111/psyp.13334

Papaetis, G. S., Papakyriakou, P., & Panagiotou, T. N. (2015). Central obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin: Exploring a pathway full of thorns. Archives of Medical Science, 11(3), 463-482. doi:10.5114/aoms.2015.52350

Pesu, M., Takaluoma, K., Aittomäki, S., Lagerstedt, A., Saksela, K., Kovanen, P. E., & Silvennoinen, O. (2000). Interleukin-4-induced transcriptional activation by Stat6 involves multiple serine/threonine kinase pathways and serine phosphorylation of Stat6. Blood, 95(2), 494-502. doi:10.1182/blood.v95.2.494

Pradhan, A. D., Manson, J. E., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., & Ridker, P. M. (2001). C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286(3), 327-334. doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327

Punthakee, Z., Goldenberg, R., Katz, P., & Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. (2018). Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42, S10-S15. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.003

Qu, D., Liu, J., Lau, C. W., & Huang, Y. (2014). IL-6 in diabetes and cardiovascular complications. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(15), 3595-3603. doi:10.1111/bph.12713

Ribeiro, F. V., De Mendoncxa, A. C., Santos, V. R., Bastos, M. F., Figueiredo, L. C., & Duarte, P. M. (2011). Cytokines and bone-related factors in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis and patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology, 82(8), 1187-1196. doi:10.1902/jop.2011.100643

Rodrigues, K. F., Pietrani, N. T., Bosco, A. A., Campos, F. M. F., Sandrim, V. C., & Gomes, K. B. (2017). IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels/ polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in brazilian individuals. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 61(5), 438-446. doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000254

Saxena, M., Agrawal, C. G., Srivastava, N., & Banerjee, M. (2014). Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-597 A/G (rs1800797) & -174 G/C (rs1800795) gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 140(JUL), 60-68. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Schultz, O., Oberhauser, F., Saech, J., Rubbert-Roth, A., Hahn, M., Krone, W., & Laudes, M. (2010). Effects of inhibition of interleukin-6 signalling on insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein (A) levels in human subjects with rheumatoid diseases. PLoS ONE, 5(12) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014328

Shih, Y. L., Ho, K. T., Tsao, C. H., Chang, Y. H., Shiau, M. Y., & Huang, C. N. (2013). Role of cyotkines in metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biomed Lab Sci, 2(1), 1-6. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Spranger, J., Kroke, A., Möhlig, M., Hoffmann, K., Bergmann, M. M., Ristow, M., . . . Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2003). Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: Results of the prospective population-based european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-potsdam study. Diabetes, 52(3), 812-817. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.812

Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., . . . Lazar, M. A. (2001). The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature, 409(6818), 307-312. doi:10.1038/35053000

Tavangar, A., Khozeimeh, F., Ghoreishian, F., & Boroujeni, M. A. (2016). Serum level of interleukin-8 in subjects with diabetes, diabetes plus oral lichen planus, and oral lichen planus: A biochemical study. Dental Research Journal, 13(5), 413-418. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.192277

Vidhate, D. A., Thomas, J., & Gupte, A. M. (2013). Association of IL-6 with diabetes mellitus in indian population from navi mumbai. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, 8(2), 100-102. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Wȩdrychowicz, A., Dziatkowiak, H., Sztefko, K., & Wȩdrychowicz, A. (2004). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IGF-IGFBP system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes, 112(8), 435-439. doi:10.1055/s-2004-821189

Wei, H., Feng, G., Pei, W., Gang, W., & Yuelin, Z. (2017). Association between interleukin-4 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of cerebral infarction in a population of china. Biomedical Research (India), 28(21), 9198-9203. Retrieved from www.scopus.com