Exercise and supplementation of black mulberry fruit extract, sunflower seed and pumpkin seed enhance cognitive performance among sedentary university students

Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohamad Shalan

Exercise and supplementation of black mulberry fruit extract, sunflower seed and pumpkin seed enhance cognitive performance among sedentary university students

AVAILABLE Article 925 Views

Back to search

Scan QR Code to share or view item link:

Digital Assets & Download Files

General Information Cached

Title

Exercise and supplementation of black mulberry fruit extract, sunflower seed and pumpkin seed enhance cognitive performance among sedentary university students

Type

Article

Main Author

Nor Aijratul Asikin Mohamad Shalan

Additional Authors

Norhazira Abdul Rahim
Nur Ikhwan Mohamad

Subject

GV Recreation Leisure

ISSN

1573-4013

Language Code

eng

Bibliographic Details

Place of Production

Tanjung Malim

Publisher

Fakulti Sains Sukan Dan Kejurulatihan

Year of publication

2021

Notes

Current Nutrition and Food Science

Degree Type

Others

Corporate Name

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

HTTP Link

Access Web Resource

Abstract

Background: A sedentary lifestyle has been found to influence cognitive impairment, whereas physical activity and diet have been found to reduce the negative impacts of a sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This study aims to examine the synergistic effects of the black mulberry, sunflower seed, and pumpkin seed supplements, including exercise on cognitive performance among sedentary university students. Methods: Participants (n=36) were randomly assigned to receive black mulberry, sunflower seed, and pumpkin seed with and without exercise for 60 days. Then, they were required to complete cognitive task assessment for domain attention (visual reaction time and auditory reaction time), perception (fast counting and basic music) and executive (Eriksen flanker task and Stroop test) on day 0 (baseline), 30, and 60 of the experiment. Following that, blood samples were collected and analyzed for malondialdehyde serum concentration as an oxidative stress marker. Results: All participants showed significant faster reaction time in cognitive tasks for domain attention and basic music test for domain perception on day 30 and 60 compared to day 0. However, no significant changes were observed within group, on cognitive task for domain executive. In comparison between the groups, participants in group treatment showed significant faster reaction time for cognitive tasks for domain attention and for Erikson flanker task for domain executive as compared to group exercise alone, and group treatment with exercise. For domain perception (basic music test), participants in group treatment with exercise achieved faster reaction time compared to group treatment and exercise alone. Despite the reduction of malondialdehyde concentration in all groups, no significant difference was found between them. Conclusion: It was indicated from the findings that the consumption of black mulberry fruit extract, sunflower seeds, and pumpkin seeds with and without exercise independently enhanced attention, perception, and executive function among sedentary young adults. ? 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

References

Aichberger, M. C., Busch, M. A., Reischies, F. M., Ströhle, A., Heinz, A., & Rapp, M. A. (2010). Effect of physical inactivity on cognitive performance after 2.5 years of follow-up: Longitudinal results from the survey of health, ageing, and retirement (SHARE). GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(1), 7-15. doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000003

Bakrania, K., Edwardson, C. L., Khunti, K., Bandelow, S., Davies, M. J., & Yates, T. (2018). Associations between sedentary behaviors and cognitive function: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from the UK biobank. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(3), 441-454. doi:10.1093/aje/kwx273

Bensalem, J., Dal-Pan, A., Gillard, E., Calon, F., & Pallet, V. (2016). Protective effects of berry polyphenols against age-related cognitive impairment. Nutr.Aging, 3(2-4), 89-106. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Cancela, J. M., Ayán, C., Varela, S., & Seijo, M. (2016). Effects of a long-term aerobic exercise intervention on institutionalized patients with dementia. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(4), 293-298. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.007

Chen, H., Pu, J., Liu, D., Yu, W., Shao, Y., Yang, G., . . . He, N. (2016). Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of flavonoids from the fruits of black mulberry (morus nigra L). PLoS ONE, 11(4) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153080

Cooper, S. B., Bandelow, S., Nute, M. L., Dring, K. J., Stannard, R. L., Morris, J. G., & Nevill, M. E. (2016). Sprint-based exercise and cognitive function in adolescents. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 155-161. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.06.004

Delgado-Zamarreño, M. M., Bustamante-Rangel, M., Sánchez-Pérez, A., & Hernández-Méndez, J. (2001). Analysis of vitamin E isomers in seeds and nuts with and without coupled hydrolysis by liquid chromatography and coulometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 935(1-2), 77-86. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00991-8

Dröge, W., & Schipper, H. M. (2007). Oxidative stress and aberrant signaling in aging and cognitive decline. Aging Cell, 6(3), 361-370. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00294.x

Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological Science, 16(12), 939-944. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01641.x

Ercisli, S., & Orhan, E. (2007). Chemical composition of white (morus alba), red (morus rubra) and black (morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1380-1384. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.054

Fukui, K., Omoi, N. -., Hayasaka, T., Shinnkai, T., Suzuki, S., Abe, K., & Urano, S. (2002). Cognitive impairment of rats caused by oxidative stress and aging, and its prevention by vitamin E doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02099.x Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Laufs, U., Wassmann, S., Czech, T., Münzel, T., Eisenhauer, M., Böhm, M., & Nickenig, G. (2005). Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 25(4), 809-814. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000158311.24443.af

Lee, T. M. C., Wong, M. L., Lau, B. W. M., Lee, J. C. D., Yau, S. -., & So, K. -. (2014). Aerobic exercise interacts with neurotrophic factors to predict cognitive functioning in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39(1), 214-224. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.019

Murkovic, M., Hillebrand, A., Winkler, J., & Pfannhauser, W. (1996). Variability of vitamin E content in pumpkin seeds (cucurbita pepo L.). Zeitschrift Fur Lebensmittel -Untersuchung Und -Forschung, 202(4), 275-278. doi:10.1007/BF01206096

Özgen, M., Serçe, S., & Kaya, C. (2009). Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich morus nigra and morus rubra fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 119(3), 275-279. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.007

Papandreou, M. A., Dimakopoulou, A., Linardaki, Z. I., Cordopatis, P., Klimis-Zacas, D., Margarity, M., & Lamari, F. N. (2009). Effect of a polyphenol-rich wild blueberry extract on cognitive performance of mice, brain antioxidant markers and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behavioural Brain Research, 198(2), 352-358. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.013

Rendeiro, C., Foley, A., Lau, V. C., Ring, R., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Vauzour, D., . . . Spencer, J. P. E. (2014). A role for hippocampal PSA-NCAM and NMDA-NR2B receptor function in flavonoid-induced spatial memory improvements in young rats. Neuropharmacology, 79, 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.003

Rendeiro, C., Vauzour, D., Rattray, M., Waffo-Téguo, P., Mérillon, J. M., Butler, L. T., . . . Spencer, J. P. E. (2013). Dietary levels of pure flavonoids improve spatial memory performance and increase hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor. PLoS ONE, 8(5) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063535

Sánchez-Salcedo, E. M., Mena, P., García-Viguera, C., Martínez, J. J., & Hernández, F. (2015). Phytochemical evaluation of white (morus alba L.) and black (morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits, a starting point for the assessment of their beneficial properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 12, 399-408. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.010

Sarter, M., Givens, B., & Bruno, J. P. (2001). The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: Where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Research Reviews, 35(2), 146-160. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00044-3

Savage, R., Cornish, K., Manly, T., & Hollis, C. (2006). Cognitive processes in children's reading and attention: The role of working memory, divided attention, and response inhibition. British Journal of Psychology, 97(3), 365-385. doi:10.1348/000712605X81370

Takatsu, H., Owada, K., Abe, K., Nakano, M., & Urano, S. (2009). Effect of vitamin E on learning and memory deficit in aged rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 55(5), 389-393. doi:10.3177/jnsv.55.389

Turan, I., Demir, S., Kilinc, K., Burnaz, N. A., Yaman, S. O., Akbulut, K., . . . Deger, O. (2017). Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of morus nigra extract on human prostate cancer cells. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 25(2), 241-248. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2016.06.002

Turgut, N. H., Mert, D. G., Kara, H., Egilmez, H. R., Arslanbas, E., Tepe, B., . . . Tuncel, N. B. (2016). Effect of black mulberry (morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of d -galactose-induced aging mice. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(6), 1052-1064. doi:10.3109/13880209.2015.1101476

Vaynman, S., & Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2006). Revenge of the "sit": How lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with neuronal plasticity. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 84(4), 699-715. doi:10.1002/jnr.20979

Watson, A. W., Haskell-Ramsay, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Cooney, J. M., Trower, T., & Scheepens, A. (2015). Acute supplementation with blackcurrant extracts modulates cognitive functioning and inhibits monoamine oxidase-B in healthy young adults. Journal of Functional Foods, 17, 524-539. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.005

Watson, A. W., Okello, E. J., Brooker, H. J., Lester, S., McDougall, G. J., & Wesnes, K. A. (2019). The impact of blackcurrant juice on attention, mood and brain wave spectral activity in young healthy volunteers. Nutritional Neuroscience, 22(8), 596-606. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2017.1420539

Wheeler, M. J., Dempsey, P. C., Grace, M. S., Ellis, K. A., Gardiner, P. A., Green, D. J., & Dunstan, D. W. (2017). Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for cognitive decline? A focus on the influence of glycemic control in brain health. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 3(3), 291-300. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2017.04.001