Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
50, 179-211.
Ashton, J., & Elliott, R. (2007). Juggling the balls—Study, work, family and play: Student perspectives on
flexible and blended heutagogy. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 15(2), 167-181.
Atherton, P. (2018). 50 Ways to Use Technology Enhanced Learning in the Classroom: Practical Strategies
for Teaching. Learning Matters.
Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental
psychology, 25(5), 729.
Banerjee, P. (2019). Heautagogy: A self-determined approach enhances constructivism. International Journal
of Scientific Research and Review, 7(6), 223-230.
Blaschke, L. M. (2012). Heutagogy and lifelong learning: A review of heutagogical practice and selfdetermined
learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(1),
56-71. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v13i1.1076
Blaschke, L. M., & Hase, S. (2016). Heutagogy: A holistic framework for creating twentyfirst-century selfdetermined
learners. In The future of ubiquitous learning (pp. 25-40).Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47724-3_2
Blaschke, L. M., & Hase, S. (2019). Heutagogy and digital media networks: Setting students on the path to
lifelong learning. Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 1(1), 1-14.
doi:10.24135/pjtel.v1i1.1
Chacko, T. (2018). Emerging pedagogies for effective adult learning: From andragogy to heutagogy. Archives
of Medicine and Health Sciences, 6(2), 278-283. doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_141_18
Chan, C. S. C. Leng, P. G., Zaharul Lailiddin, S. & Lim, C. K. (2018). Empowering Youth Performance of
the Living Multicultural Heritage of Tanjong Malim through a Heutagogical Approach. In Mohd Kipli,
A. R., Chan, C.S.C., Zaharul Lailiddin, S., Augustine, C. & Maniam, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd
International Music and Performing Arts Conference (pp. 37-45). Tanjong Malim: Faculty of Music
and Performing Arts, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.
Chan, C. G., Mohamed Amin, E. & Harwati, H. (2019). Primaryschool teachers’ readiness towards heutagogy
and peeragogy. Asian Education Studies, 4(1), 11-21.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A
comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8) doi:10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in
the workplace 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132
Eachempati, P., KS, K. K., Komattil, R., & Ismail, A. R. H. (2017). Heutagogy through Facebook for the
millennial learners. MedEdPublish, 6. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2017.000194
Eachempati, P., KS, K. K., Komattil, R., & Ismail, A. R. H. (2017). Heutagogy through Facebook for the
millennial learners. MedEdPublish, 6. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2017.000194
Fishbein, M. A., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and
research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. doi:10.2307/2065853
Fuchs, C. (2018). Industry 4.0: The Digital German Ideology. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique,
16(1), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i1.1010
Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., & Krey, N. (2017). Covariance-based structural equation modeling in the Journal of
Advertising: Review and recommendations. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 163-177.
doi:10.1080/00913367.2017.1281777
Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2000). From andragogy to heutagogy. Ulti-BASE In-Site.
Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2007). Heutagogy: A child of complexity theory. Complicity: An international
journal of complexity and education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.29173/cmplct8766
Hase, S. (2014a). An introduction to self-determined learning (heutagogy) in L. M Blaschke, C. Kenyon & S.
Hase, S. (eds.) Experiences in self-determined learning, Amazon, 1-19.
Hase, S. (2014b). Skills for the Learner and Learning Leader in the 21st Century, in L. M Blaschke, C. Kenyon
& S. Hase, S. (eds.) Experiences in self-determined learning, Amazon, 99-110.
Jones, C., Penaluna, K., & Penaluna, A. (2019). The promise of andragogy, heutagogy and academagogy to
enterprise and entrepreneurship education pedagogy. Education+ Training.
Kamrozzaman, N. A., Badusah, J., & Wan Mohammad, W. M. R. (2019). Heutagogy approach: Effectiveness
of M-learning for lifelong learning education/Pendekatan heutagogi: Keberkesanan M-pembelajaran
untuk pendidikan sepanjang hayat. Sains Humanika, 11(3), 53-61. doi:10.11113/sh.v11n3.1496
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Executive Summary Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025
(Higher Education). Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Lin, L. and H. Reinders. (2017). "Assessing learner autonomy: development and validation of a localized
scale." in Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2017), pp.
307-328.
Malek, J. A. (2018). The Impact of Heutagogy Education Through Telecentre in Smart Village (SV). e-Bangi,
14(2).
Ministry of Higher Education. (2018b). Framing Malaysia Higher Education 4.0: Future-proof talents.
Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia.
Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Anees JaneeAli @ Hamid, Eugene Ong Boon Beng, Mohd Ghows Mohd
Azzam, & Morshidi Sirat. (2018). Malaysia's Future Higher Education Scenarios: Fourth Industrial
Revolution and Beyond.
Narayan, V., & Herrington, J. (2014). Towards a theoretical mobile heutagogy framework. Paper presented
at ASCILITE 2014: The Rhetoric and Reality: Critical perspectives on educational technology,
Dunedin.
Nor Adila Kedin, Shahitul Badariah Sulaiman, Izni Syamsina Saari, Ainon Syazana Ab. Hamid, & Nurul
Emyza Zahidi (2018). Heutagogy Approach: Exploring Statistics in MOOC. UNIVERSITY
CARNIVAL on e-LEARNING (IUCEL) 2018, 148.
Ruslin Amir, Hamidun Bunawan & Mohd Firdaus Yahaya (2018). Cabaran Mahasiswa dan
Kolej Kediaman Mendepani Revolusi Industri 4.0. Governans, Institusi & Pengurusan
Kewangan, Prosiding Konvensyen Kepengetuaan dan Felo Penghuni Kolej Kediaman Universiti
Awam Kebangsaan 2018. https://doi.org/10.30880/jts.2018.10.01.008
Rogers, M. E. (1983). Diffusion of innovations. The Free Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions.
Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
Ventakesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information
Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology:
Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157-178.
Vurdien, R. and Puranen, P. (2020). "Enhancing Students' Intercultural Competence and Learner Autonomy
via Facebook Telecollaboration." In Multicultural Instructional Design: Concepts, Methodologies,
Tools, and Applications, pp. 646-666.
Wahi, W. & Idris, F. (2017). Pendekatan Heutagogi dalam Pendidikan Citra UKM abad ke -21. Wang, Y., &
Baker, R. (2015). Content or platform: Why do students complete MOOCs. MERLOT Journal of Online
Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 17-30.
Wong, K. T., Hwang, G. J., Goh, P. S. C., & Mohd Arif, S. K. (2018). Effects of blended learning pedagogical
practices on students’ motivation and autonomy for the teaching of short stories in upper secondary
English. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-14. doi:10.1080/10494820.2018.1542318
Wong, K. T., Abdullah, N., & Goh, P. S. C. (2019). A cross examination of the intention to integrate MOOCs
in teaching and learning: An application of multi-group invariance analysis. International Journal of
Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(19), 106-116. doi:10.3991/ijet.v14i19.10642
Thompson, R. L., Higgins, C. A., & Howell, J. M. (1991). Personal computing: toward a conceptual model of
utilization. MIS quarterly, 125-143.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models.
Information systems research, 6(2), 144-176.