UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :LB Theory and practice of education
Main Author :Sakinah Abd Kaiyom
Title :Kesan beban kerja, sokongan penyelia dan sokongan rakan sekerja terhadap penglibatan kerja dalam kalangan guru sekolah berasrama penuh di Selangor
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
Year of Publication :2021
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap dan kesan beban kerja, sokongan penyelia, sokongan rakan sekerja terhadap penglibatan kerja dalam kalangan guru Sekolah Berasrama Penuh (SBP) di negeri Selangor. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk bukan eksperimental telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan sampel kajian dilaksanakan secara pensampelan rawak mudah melibatkan 274 orang guru SBP di negeri Selangor. Instrumen kajian melibatkan soal selidik yang diadaptasi dan diubahsuai mengikut keperluan dan kesesuaian kajian. Data yang diperoleh di analisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 23. Penyelidik menjalankan analisis statistik deskriptif untuk mengetahui tahap beban kerja, sokongan penyelia, sokongan rakan sekerja dan penglibatan kerja. Analisis statistik inferens juga dilaksanakan dan melibatkan analisis regresi pelbagai yang menerangkan kesan beban kerja, sokongan penyelia dan sokongan rakan sekerja terhadap penglibatan kerja. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap beban kerja adalah sederhana, manakala, sokongan penyelia, sokongan rakan sekerja dan penglibatan kerja adalah tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga mendedahkan bahawa terdapat kesan yang signifikan antara beban kerja (β = .149, p < .05), sokongan penyelia (β = .184, p < .05) dan sokongan rakan sekerja (β = .461, p < .05) terhadap penglibatan kerja guru di sekolah. Kesimpulannya, beban kerja, sokongan penyelia dan sokongan rakan sekerja memberi kesan terhadap penglibatan kerja dalam kalangan guru SBP di negeri Selangor. Implikasi daripada kajian ini, pihak pengurusan sekolah boleh memanfaatkan pandangan guru mengenai aspek-aspek yang dikaji dan menjadikan maklumat tersebut sebagai alat yang berguna untuk meningkatkan lagi penglibatan kerja dalam kalangan guru di SBP, Selangor.

References

Abdull Sukor Shaari, Abd Rahim Romle & Mohamad Yazi Kerya. (2006). Beban Tugas Guru Sekolah Rendah. 

Seminar Kebangsaan Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan Sekolah. Alson Klana Resort, Seremban.

 

Abu Shamma, R., Al-Rabayah, W. A., & Khasawneh, R. T. (2015). The Effect of Job Satisfaction and 

Work Engagement on Organizational Commitment. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(4), 7-27.

 

Achour, M., Shahidra Abdul Khalil, Bahiyah Ahmad, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor & Mohd Yakub Zulkifli Mohd 

Yusoff. (2017). Management and Supervisory Support as a Moderator of Work Family Demands and 

Women’s Well-Being: A Case Study of Muslim Female Academicians in Malaysia. Humanomics, 33(3), 

335-356.

 

Adeeba Irfan & Feza Tabassum Azmi. (2015). Work Life Balance among Teachers: An Empirical Study. 

Journal of Business and Management, 17(2), 1-11.

 

Adekola, B. (2011). Antecedents and Consequences of Work Engagement among Managers and 

Professionals in Nigeria. British Journal of Management & Economics, 1(2), 83-99.

 

Adeolu, J. A., & Arinze, P. A. (2018). Teachers’ Instructional Workload Management and Students’ 

Academic Performance in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Akoko North-East Local Government, 

Ondo State, Nigeria. American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research, 1(1), 

9-23.

 

Ahmad, A., Bilal, H., & Bibi, P. (2020). Determinants of Organizational Commitment among Academics 

of HEIs: The Buffering Role of Coworker Support. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 

3(2), 221-233.

 

Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin, Tan, C. L., & Sabrina Naseer Khan. (2018). Linking Social Support, Work 

Engagement and Job Performance in Nursing. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(2), 

363-386.

 

Akmal Latiff Ayob & Norzanah Mat Nor. (2019). Predictors of Employee Engagement in Malaysia and the 

Moderating Effects of Job Demands and Total Reward. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 

33-49.

 

Alima  Aktar  &  Faizuniah  Pangil.  (2017).  The  Relationship  between  Employee Engagement, HRM 

practices and Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from Banking Employees. International 

Journal of Human Resource Studies, 7(3), 1-22.

 

Aliyu Yelwa Haruna & Govindan Marthandan. (2017). Foundational competencies for enhancing work 

engagement in SMEs Malaysia. Journal of Workplace Learning,

29(3), 165-184.

 

Alzyoud, A. A. Y. (2015). Work Engagement amongst Academics in Jordan. Unpublished

thesis. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Alzyoud, A. A. Y., Siti Zubaidah Othman & Mohd Faizal Mohd Isa. (2015). Examining the Role of Job 

Resources on Work Engagement in the Academic Setting. Asian Social Science, 11(3), 103-110.

 

Anbazhagan, A., Cailassame, N. S. N., & Murugan, M. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Workplace 

Social Support: Role of Organizational Climate, Co-Worker Support, Supervisory Support, Family 

Environment, Role Conflict and Life Satisfaction of Indian Expats in Oman. Journal of Shanghai 

Jiaotong University, 16(8). 804-820.

 

Anila, K. P., & Krishnaveni, V. (2016). Study on the Work Life Balance: Womens’ Perspective. 

International Research Journal of Business and Management, 9(12), 30-34.

 

Ariani, D. W. (2015). Relationship with Supervisor and Co-Workers, Psychological Condition and 

Employee Engagement in the Workplace. Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), 34-47.

 

Arzizul Antin & Dg Norizah Ag Kiflee. (2018). Pengaruh Beban Tugas dan Motivasi Terhadap 

Keefisienan Kerja Guru Sekolah Menengah di Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and 

Humanities, 3(2), 77-84.

 

Avanzi, L., Fraccaroli, F., Castelli, L., Marcionetti, J., Crescentini, A., Balducci, C., & Van 

Dick, R. (2018). How to Mobilize Social Support against Workload and Burnout: The Role of 

Organizational Identification. Teaching and Teacher Education, 69, 154-167.

 

Azita Abdul Rahim. (2012). Beban Tugas Guru Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Batu Pahat, Johor Darul 

Takzim. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan. Johor Darul Takzim: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Babbie, E. (2016). Practice of Social Research (14ᵗʰ edition). United States: Cengage Learning.

 

Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The Effects of Perceived Co-Worker Involvement and Supervisor 

Support on Service Provider Role Stress, Performance and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Retailing, 

72(1), 57–75.

 

Baijumon, P., & Thomas, R. (2020). Quality of Work Life of Teachers in Government Colleges and 

Government Aided Colleges. Mukt Shabd Journal, IX(II), 79-90.

 

Bakker, A. B. (2005). Flow among Music Teachers and their Students: The Crossover of Peak 

Experiences. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 66, 26– 44.

 

Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources Model: State of the

Art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.

 

Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Work Engagement: A 

Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. New York: Psychology Press.

 

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the Job Demands-Resources Model to 

Predict Burnout and Performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83-104.

 

Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J. Demerouti, E., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job Resources Boost Work 

Engagement, Particularly when Job Demands are High. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(2), 

274-284.

 

Ballet,  K.,  &  Kelchtermans,  G.  (2008).  Workload  and  Willingness  to  Change: Disentangling 

the Experience of Intensification. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 40(1), 47–67.

 

Barkhuizen, N., & Rothmann, S. (2008). Occupational Stress of Academic Staff in South African 

Higher Education Institutions. SA Journal of Psychology, 28, 321-336.

 

Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational Research: Determining  

Appropriate  Sample  Size  in  Survey  Research.  Information Technology, Learning, and Performance 

Journal, 19, 43-50.

 

Basford, T. E., & Offermann, L. R. (2012). Beyond Leadership: The Impact of Coworker Relationships 

on Employee Motivation and Intent to Stay. Journal of Management and Organization, 18(6), 807-817.

 

Basilius, R. W. (2018). The Effect of Workload, Individual Characteristics, and School Climate on 

Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion in Elementary Schools of Papua. Cakrawala Pendidikan, XXXVII(3), 

457-469.

 

Bateman, G. (2009). Employee Perceptions of Co-Worker Support and its Effect on Job Satisfaction, 

Work Stress and Intention to Quit. Unpublished Thesis. New Zealand: University of Canterbury.

 

Bavanhi Raman & Norasmah Othman. (2017). Workload Factor Encouraging Job Stress among PT3 Teachers 

in School District Kapit, Sarawak. Proceedings of 57th IASTEM International Conference, Kota 

Kinabalu, Malaysia, 10th-11th June 2017.

 

Beehr, T. A., & McGrath, J. E. (1992). Social Support, Occupational Stress and Anxiety.

Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 5(1), 7-19.

 

Begum, K. J., & Ahmed, A. (2015). The Importance of Statistical Tools in Research Work. 

International Journal of Scientific and Innovative Mathematical Research, 3(12), 50-58.

 

Beinart, H., & Clohessy, S. (2017). Effective Supervisory Relationships: Best Evidence and

Practice. Hoboken, USA: Wiley Blackwell.

 

Bello, A. O., Ogundipe, O. M., & Eze, S. C. (2017). Employee Job Satisfaction in Nigerian Tertiary 

Institution: A Comparative Study of Academic Staff in Public and Private Universities. Global 

Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(4), 33-46.

 

Bernama. (14 Januari 2019). Lima Inisiatif untuk Kurangkan Beban Tugas Guru. Bernama. Diambil  pada 

Januari  27,  2019,  daripada  http://www.bernama.com/state- news/beritabm.php?id=1684588

 

Bhandare, U. V., & Seethalexmy, N. (2017). Challenges to Maintain Work Life Balance with Reference 

to Degree College Teachers of University of Mumbai. International Journal of Advanced Research and 

Development, 2(6), 4-7.

 

Bhanthumnavian, D. (2003). Perceived Social Support from Supervisor and Group Members'  

Psychological  and  Situational  Characteristics  as  Predictors  of Subordinate Performance in 

Thai Work Units. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14, 79-97.

 

Bhatla, N. (2011). To Study the Employee Engagement Practices and its Effect on Employee 

Performance with Special Reference to ICICI and HDFC Bank in Lucknow. International Journal of 

Scientific & Engineering Research, 2(8), 1-7.

 

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.

 

Bonds-Raacke, J. M., & Raacke, J. D. (2016). Research Methods: Are You Equipped? (2ⁿᵈ edition). 

United States. Kendall Hunt Publishing.

 

Borhan Ahmad. (17 April 2016). Cabaran Kerjaya Seorang Guru Semakin Kritikal. Malaysia   Dateline.  

Diambil  pada Januari 6, 2019, daripada 

https://malaysiadateline.com/cabaran-kerjaya-seorang-guru-semakin-kritikal/

 

Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Daily Job Demands and Employee Work Engagement: The Role of 

Daily Transformational Leadership Behavior, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 

338-349.

 

Brown, D. (2014). Employee Engagement - The Crucial Role of the Supervisor.

Conpenhagen: ISS World Service.

 

Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

Burns, L. K. (2016). Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support as 

Antecedents of Work Engagement. Unpublished thesis. USA: San Jose State University.

 

Butt,  ., & Lance, A. (2005). Secondary Teacher Workload and Job Satisfaction.

Educational Management Administration and Leadership. 33(4), 401-422.

 

Caesens, G., Stinglhamber, F., & Luypaert, G. (2014). The Impact of Work Engagement and Workaholism 

on Well-Being. Career Development International, 19(7), 813- 835.

 

Cetinkanat, A. C., & Kosterelioglu, M. A. (2016). Relationship between Quality of Work Life and 

Work Alienation: Research on Teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(8), 1778-1786.

 

Chea, S. M., Tan, C. H. Y., Lew, S., Tan, X. W., & Tay, Y. N. (2017). The Relationship between Work 

Environment and Job Satisfaction in Hotel Industry. Unpublished thesis. Perak: Universiti Tunku 

Abdul Rahman.

 

Chee, C. Y., Goy, P. P., Leow, S. M., Moo, M. Y., & Wong, Q. Y. (2016). Creating Work- Life Balance 

among School Teachers in Secondary School in Kampar, Perak: A Study on Job Stress. Unpublished 

thesis. Perak: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

 

Cheung, C. K. (2000). Commitment to the Organization in Exchange for Support from the Organization. 

Social Behaviour and Personality, 28(2), 125–140.

 

Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do Peers Make the Place? Conceptual Synthesis and 

Meta-Analysis of Coworker Effects on Perceptions, Attitudes, OCBs, and Performance. Journal of 

Applied Psychology, 93, 1082-1103.

 

Choo, L. S. (2017). Colleague Support and Role Clarity in Promoting the Work Engagement  of  

Frontliners  in  Malaysian  Hotels.  International  Society  for Performance Improvement, 29(4), 

389-405.

 

Chou, P. (2015). The Effect of Workplace Social Support on Employee’s Subjective Well- Being. 

European Journal of Business and Management, 7(6), 8-19.

 

Chua, Y. P. (2020). Mastering Research Methods (3ʳᵈ Edition). Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill. Chua, Y. P. 

(2020). Mastering Research Statistics (2ⁿᵈ Edition). Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill.

Chughtai, A. A., & Buckley, F. (2008). Work Engagement and its Relationship with State and Trait 

Trust: A Conceptual Analysis. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 10(1), 47-71.

 

Coetzer, C. F., & Rothmann, S. (2007). Job Demands, Job Resources and Work Engagement of Employees 

in a Manufacturing Organisation. Southern African Business Review, 11(3), 17-32.

 

Contreras, F., Abid, G., Govers, M., & Elahi, N. S. (2020). Influence of Support on Work Engagement 

in Nursing Staff: The Mediating Role of Possibilities for Professional Development. Academia 

Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 1-21.

 

Cook, A., & Minnotte, K. (2008). Occupational and Industry Sex Segregation and the Interface. Sex 

Roles, 59(11-12), 800-813.

 

Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking Job Demands and Resources

to Employee Engagement and Burnout: A Theoretical Extension and Meta-Analytic

Test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 834-848.

 

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. C. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and

Mixed Methods Approaches (5th edition). California: SAGE Publications.

 

Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary

Review. Journal of Management, 31, 874-900.

 

Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A.V. (2017). Social Exchange

Theory: A Critical Review with Theoretical Remedies. Academy of Management

Annals, 11(1), 1-38.

 

Cureton, S. S. (2014). The Role of Exchange Ideology in Coworker Social Support and

Work Engagement. Unpublished dissertation. The University of Southern

Mississippi.

 

Davis, J. A. (1971). Elementary Survey Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall.

 

DeConinck, J. B. (2010). The Effect of Organizational Justice, Perceived Organizational

Support, and Perceived Supervisor Support on Marketing Employees` Level of

Trust. Journal of Business Research, 63, 1349-1355.

 

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The Job

Demands-Resources Model of Burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-

512.

 

Dogru, C. (2018). The Relationship between Perceived Support and Innovative Behavior:

Analyzing the Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Business Research

Turk, 10(2), 384-402.

 

Ducharme, L. J., & Martin, J. K. (2000) Unrewarding Work, Coworker Support, and Job

Satisfaction. A Test of the Buffering Hypothesis. Work and Occupations, 27(2),

223-243.

 

Ducharme, L. J., Knudsen, H. K., & Roman, P. M. (2007). Emotional Exhaustion and

Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations: The Protective Role of

Coworker Support. Sociological Spectrum, 28(1), 81-104.

 

Duong, M. T., Ibiwani, A. H., & Anusuiya, S. (2020). Job Stress, Co-Worker Support, Role

Expectation Conflict and Work-Life Balance among Working Women: A

Quantitative Study on Multinational Companies in Vietnam. Test Engineering and

Management. 82(Jan-Feb 2020), 744-749.

 

Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L.

(2002). Perceived Supervisor Support: Contributions to Perceived Organizational

Support and Employee Retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 565-573.

 

Ekanem, E. E. (2012). Beginning Teacher Educators Development and Faculty Workload

Management of Universities in Cross River State of Nigeria. Review of Higher

Education in Africa, 4, 41–61.

 

Fay, D., & Luhrmann, H. (2004). Current Themes in Organizational Change. European

Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13(2), 113-119.

 

Federici, R. A., & Skaalvik, E. M. (2014). Students’ Perceptions of Emotional and

Instrumental Teacher Support: Relations with Motivational and Emotional

Responses. International Education Studies, 7(1), 21-36.

 

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in

Education (7th edition). New York. McGraw-hill.

 

Franzosi, R. (2004). Content Analysis. In M. Lewis-Beck, A. Bryman, & T. Liao (Ed.), The

SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods (Vol. 1, p.p. 225-240).

Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

 

Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). Relation of Work–Family Conflict to

Health Outcomes: A Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Employed Parents. Journal

of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(4), 325-335.

 

Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2010). Educational Research: An Introduction.

Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Ganzach, Y., Pazy, A., Ohayun, Y., & Brainin, E. (2002). Social Exchange and

Organizational Commitment: Decision-Making Training for Job Choice as an

Alternative to the Realistic Job Preview. Personnel Psychology, 55, 613-637.

 

Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational Research: Competencies

for Analysis and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

 

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step: A Simple Guide

and Reference (15th Edition). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

 

George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2001). When Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness

are Related to Creative Behavior: An Interactional Approach. Journal of Applied

Psychology, 86(3), 513-524.

 

Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan:

Amalan dan Analisis Kajian (Edisi Kedua). Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.

 

Gok, S., Karatuna, I., & Karaca, P. O. (2015). The Role of Perceived Supervisor Support

and Organizational Identification in Job Satisfaction. Procedia-Social and

Behavioral Sciences, 177, 38-42.

 

Gonzalez-Roma, V., Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A., & Lloret, S. (2006). Burnout and

Engagement: Independent Factors or Opposite Poles? Journal of Vocational

Behaviour, 68, 165–174.

 

Granziera, H., Collie, R., & Martin, A. (2021). Understanding Teacher Wellbeing Through

Job Demands-Resources Theory. In Mansfield, C. F. (Eds). Cultivating Teacher

Resilience: International Approaches, Applications and Impact. (pp. 229-244).

Australia: Springer.

 

Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G., & West, M. A. (2001). Job Satisfaction and Teamwork:

The Role of Supervisor Support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 537-

550.

 

Gunter, H., Rayner, S., Thomas, H., Fielding, A., Butt, G., & Lance, A. (2005). Teachers,

Time and Work: Findings from the Evaluation of the Transforming The School

Workforce Pathfinder Project. School Leadership and Management, 25(5), 441-

454.

 

Gupta, M., Acharya, A., & Gupta, R. (2015). Impact of Work Engagement on Performance

in Indian Higher Education System. Review of European Studies, 7(3), 192-201.

 

Hain, C. A., & Francis, L. (2004). Development and Validation of a Coworker

Relationship Scale. Unpublished thesis. Canada: Saint Mary’s University.

 

Hair, J., Money, A., Page, M., & Samouel, P. (2007) Research Methods for Business.

London: Routledge.

 

Hairuddin Harun, Noorazman Abd Samad, Siti Hajar Zakariah & Razali Hassan. (2013).

Teacher’s Workload Influence The Usage of Technology. Persidangan

Pembangunan Pelajar Peringkat Kebangsaan (NASDEC), 18-20 November 2013,

KSL Hotel & Resort, Johor Bahru.

 

Hakanen, J. J., & Roodt, G. (2010). Using the Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict

Engagement: Analysing a Conceptual Model. In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter.

(Eds). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. (1st ed.,

pp. 85-101). New York: Psychology Press.

 

Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2005). How Dentists Cope with their Job

Demands and Stay Engaged: The Moderating Role of Job Resources. European

Journal of Oral Sciences, 113, 479–487.

 

Halbesleben, J. R. B. (2010). A Meta-Analysis of Work Engagement: Relationships with

Burnout, Demands, Resources, and Consequences. In A. B. Bakker & M. P. Leiter.

(Eds). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. (1st ed.,

pp. 102-117). New York: Psychology Press.

 

Havermans, B. M., Boot, C. R. L., Houtman, I. L. D., Brouwers, E. P. M., Anema, J. R., &

Van Der Beek, A. J. (2017). The Role of Autonomy and Social Support in the

Relation between Psychosocial Safety Climate and Stress in Health Care Workers.

BMC Public Health. 17(558), 1-7.

 

Heli, K. J., Aino, S., Hanni, M., Seppo, V., Leena, A. M., & Mirka, H. (2020). Dimensions

of Social Support in the Experience of Work Engagement in Middle Age: A

Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,

61, 679–689.

 

Hewitt, A. (2011). OCL Employee Engagement Survey. Results Presentation and Action

Planning Workshop held on 8 June. OCL, Rajgangpur, Orissa.

 

Holland, P., Cooper, B., & Sheehan, C. (2016). Employee Voice, Supervisor Support, and

Engagement: The Mediating Role of Trust. Human Resource Management, 1-15.

 

Holland, P., Leng, T. T., Sheehan, C., & Cooper, B. (2019). The Impact of Perceived

Workload on Nurse Satisfaction with Work-Life Balance and Intention to Leave

The Occupation. Applied Nursing Research, 49, 70-76.

 

Idris Osman, Fauziah Noordin, Normala Daud & Mohd Zailani Othman. (2016). The

Dynamic Role of Social Exchange and Personality in Predicting Turnover

Intentions among Professional Workers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35,

541-552.

 

Ismail Nizam & Kam, C. (2018). The Determinants of Work-Life Balance in The Event

Industry of Malaysia. International Journal of Management, Accounting and

Economics, 5(3), 141-168.

 

Iverson, R. D. (1996). Employee Acceptance of Organizational Change: The Role of

Organizational Commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource

Management, 7(1), 122-149.

 

Jaafar, T. M. F. T. (2006). Kerjaya sebagai Guru. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Publications and

Distributions Sdn. Bhd.

 

Jamaliah Jamalidin. (2014). Kesediaan guru Kolej Vokasional dalam Pengajaran Amali

Teknologi Elektronik Di Negeri Pahang. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan. Johor:

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

 

Johanim Johari, Yean T. F., & Zati Iwani Tjik Zulkarnain. (2018). Autonomy, Workload,

Work-Life Balance and Job Performance among Teachers. International Journal of

Educational Management, 32(1), 107-120.

 

Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2008). Educational Research: Quantitative,

Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

 

Jones, R. (2018). The Relationship of Employee Engagement and Employee Job

Satisfaction to Organizational Commitment. Unpublished Thesis. Walden

University.

 

Juliana Ahmad, Siti Fairos Saffardin & Teoh, K. B. (2020). How Does Job Demands and

Job Resources Affect Work Engagement towards Burnout? The Case Penang

Preschool. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(2), 1888-1895.

 

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and

Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.

 

Kanungo, R. D. (1982). Measurement of Job and Work Involvement. Joumal of Applied

Psychology. 67 (3), 341-349.

 

Katariina, S. A., Lauri, H., & Kirsti, L. (2019). Work Burnout and Engagement Profiles

among Teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(2254), 1-8.

 

Kavita, K., & Norliza Che Hassan. (2018). Work Stress among Teachers: A Comparison

between Primary and Secondary School Teachers. International Journal of

Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 7(4), 60-66.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2009). Garis Panduan Pelaksanaan Sekolah

Berprestasi Tinggi (SBT). Putrajaya: Kementerian Kementerian Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia

2013-2025: Pendidikan Prasekolah hingga Lepas Menengah. Putrajaya:

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Dokumen Awal: Deskripsi Tugas Pegawai

Perkhidmatan Pendidikan (Laluan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran dan

Kepimpinan). Putrajaya. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2020). Senarai Sekolah di Malaysia. Putrajaya:

Kementerian Kementerian Malaysia.

 

Kesebir, P., & Diener, E. (2008). In Pursuit of Happiness: Empirical Answers to

Philosophical Questions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 117-125.

 

Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace Social Support

and Work-Family Conflict: A Meta-Analysis Clarifying the Influence of General

and Work-Family-Specific Supervisor and Organizational Support. Personnel

Psychology, 64, 289-313.

 

Kottke, J. L., & Sharafinski, C. E. (1988). Measuring Perceived Supervisory and

Organizational Support. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 1075-

1079.

 

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research

Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.

 

Kular, S., Gatenby, M., Rees, C., Soane, E., & Truss, K. (2008). Employee Engagement: A

Literature Review. UK: Kingston University.

 

Ladd, D., & Henry, R. (2000). Helping Coworkers and Helping the Organization: The Role

of Support Perceptions, Exchange Ideology, and Conscientiousness. Journal of

Applied Social Psychology, 30, 2028–2049.

 

Liao, H., Joshi, A., & Chuang, A. (2004). Sticking Out Like a Sore Thumb: Employee

Dissimilarity and Deviance at Work. Personnel Psychology, 57, 969–1000.

 

Lin, C. P. (2010). Modelling Corporate Citizenship, Organizational Trust and Work

Engagement Based on Attachment Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 94, 517-531.

 

Little, B., & Little, P. (2006). Employee Engagement: Conceptual Issues. Journal of

Organizational Culture, Communications, and Conflict, 10(1), 111-120.

 

Llorens, S., Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2007). Does a Positive Gain Spiral

of Resources, Efficacy Beliefs and Engagement Exist? Computers in Human

Behavior, 23(1), 825-841.

 

Lodahl, T. M., & Kejner, M. M. (1965) The Definition and Measurement of Job

Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33.

 

Luchman, J. N., & González-Morales, M. G. (2013). Demands, Control, and Support: A

Meta-Analytic Review of Work Characteristics Interrelationships. Journal of

Occupational Health Psychology, 18(1), 37–52.

 

Mahazi Harun, Zoharah Omar, Khairuddin Idris & Ramli Basri. (2015). The Development

and Validation of Instrument of Teacher’s Workload. International Journal of

Education and Research, 3(3), 401-412.

 

Makera, A. U., Yusuf Nasidi, Kamaruddeen, A. M, & Jemaku, I. M. (2019). Correlation

between Team and Co-worker Relationship and Employee Engagement. Journal of

Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies, 14(1), 16-24.

 

Maldrine, T., & Henry, K. K. (2020). Workload and Job Satisfaction Revisited among

Public Secondary School Teachers in Nakuru West Sub Country, Kenya.

International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review, 3(5), 88-100.

 

Maslach, C., Schaufelli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of

Psychology, 52 (1), 397-422.

 

Masluk, B., Santos, S. G., Cartagena, A. A., Martinez, A. A., Peck, E. & Leiter, M. P.

(2018). Areas of Worklife Scale (AWS) Short Version (Spanish): A Confirmatory

Factor Analysis based on a Secondary School Teacher Sample. Journal of

Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 13(20), 1-10.

 

Maszlee Malik. (Januari 2019). 9 Intervensi Kurangkan Bebanan Guru. Bahagian

Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan

Malaysia, hlm. 1-12.

 

May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M. (2004). The Psychological Conditions of

Meaningfulness, Safety and Availability and the Engagement of the Human Spirit

at Work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.

 

McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence Based

Inquiry. Boston Mass: Pearson.

 

Measure, S. (2004). Significance of Employee Engagement. Compensation and Benefits

Management, 8(4), 46-50.

 

Menguc, B., Auh, S., Fisher, M., & Haddad, A. (2013). To be Engaged or not to be

Engaged: The Antecedents and Consequences of Service Employee Engagement.

Journal of Business Research, 66, 2163-2170.

 

Mohd Saudi Abd Rahman. (1998). Secondary School Teachers' Workload. Unpublished

thesis. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Mokana Muthu Kumarasamy. (2016). Individual, Organizational and Environmental

Factors Affecting Work-Life Balance. Unpublished thesis. Kedah: Universiti Utara

Malaysia.

 

Montani, F., Vandenberghe, C., Khedhaouria, A., & Courcy, F. (2019). Examining the

Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Workload and Innovative Work Behavior:

The Role of Work Engagement and Mindfulness. Human Relations, 00(0), 1-35.

 

Muhammad Amin, Alam, Z. K., & Muhammad Zeb Khan. (2018). Effects of Job Stress on

Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment: A Study on Employees of

Emergency Rescue Service Rescue 1122 District Peshawar. City University

Research Journal, 8(2), 200-208.

 

Muhammad Asif Qureshi & Kamal Ab Hamid. (2017). Impact of Supervisor Support on

Job Satisfaction: A Moderating Role of Fairness Perception. International Journal

of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 235-242.

 

Muhammad Faisal Malik, Shazia Akhtar & Imran Ghafoor. (2018). Supervisor Support,

Co-Worker Support and Employee Retention: Developing and Testing of an

Integrative Model. International Journal of Modern Social Sciences, 7(1), 1-24.

 

Muhammad Faizal Ghani, Saedah Siraj, Radzuan Kassim, Husaina Banu Kenayathulla,

Shahril@Charil Marzuki & Faisol Elham. (2013). Amalan Sekolah Cemerlang di

Sekolah Berasrama Penuh dan Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama: Satu

Perbandingan. The Online Journal of Islamic Education, 1(2), 30-50.

 

Muhammad Riaz, Nazir Ahmad, Maryam Riaz, Ghulam Murtaza, Tayyaba Khan & Hira

Firdous. (2016). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Job Satisfaction, International

Review of Management and Business Research, 5(4), 1370-1382.

 

Nelson, M. L., & Friedlander, M. L. (2001). A Close Look at Conflictual Supervisory

Relationships: The Trainee’s Perspective. Journal of Counselling Psychology,

48(4), 384-395.

 

Ng, T. W. H., & Sorensen, K. L. (2008). Toward a Further Understanding of the Relationships between 

Perceptions of Support and Work Attitudes: A Meta- Analysis. Group & Organization Management, 33, 

243–268.

 

Nigama, K., Selvabaskar, S., Surulivel, S. T., Alamelu, R., & Joice, D. U. (2018). Job Satisfaction 

among School Teachers. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(7), 2645-2655.

 

Nilgiin. (2017). The Relationship between Coworker Supports, Quality of Work Life and Wellbeing: An 

Empirical Study of Hotel Employees. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 

13(3), 577-589.

 

Nkweke, G., & Dollah, S. (2011). Teaching Staff Strength (TSS) and Workload in Public Senior 

Secondary Schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. 

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2(7), 25–32.

 

Nor  Mohamad  Zulhairi  Ismail, Jamalul  Lail  Abdul  Wahab & Ruzita  Md Hassan. (2016). Kepuasan 

Kerja Guru dan Perbezaannya berdasarkan Pencapaian Sekolah. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 19(1), 

49-54.

 

Noraini Othman & Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin. (2012). Social Support and Work Engagement: A Study of 

Malaysian Nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(8), 1-8.

 

Norashid Othman & Hamzah Omar (2014). Beban Tugas dan Motivasi Pengajaran Guru di Sekolah Menengah 

Daerah Ranau. Jurnal Pemikir Pendidikan, 5, 35-57.

 

Normarina Ramlee. (2015). Tahap Stres dalam kalangan Pensyarah Kolej Vokasional di Johor. Tesis 

yang tidak diterbitkan. Johor Darul Takzim: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn.

 

Novia Zahrah, Azelin Aziz & Siti Norasyikin Abdul Hamid. (2019). Workload and Work Engagement among 

Nurses in Public Hospitals: Moderating Role of Religious Spirituality. International Journal of 

Management, Accounting and Economics, 6(4), 297-312.

 

Nurmazlina Mohd Isa, Hardev Kaur Latchimanan Singh & Rozalli Hashim. (2018). Job Stress, Work-to- 

Family Conflict and Social Support in the Education Industry. Journal of Administrative Science, 

15(3), 1-17.

 

Nurul Aimi Roslan, Ho, J. A., Ng, S. I., & Murali Sambasivan. (2015). Job Demands and Job 

Resources: Predicting Burnout and Work Engagement among Teachers. International Proceedings of 

Economics Development and Research, 84, 138-147.

 

Nurwahida Faradila Taharim, Jayasuria, D. P., Lim, W. X., & Syeda Fatima Mazhar. (2017). Clerical 

Work for School Teachers: A Burden or a Responsibility? Journal

Language, Culture and Business, 1(3), 26-36.

 

Ooi, C. H., & Aziah Ismail. (2015). Sokongan Pihak Pengurusan Sekolah terhadap Tekanan Kerja Guru 

di Sekolah Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 2(2), 42-57.

 

Orgambidez-Ramos, A., & Almeida, H. D. (2017). Work Engagement, Social Support, and Job 

Satisfaction in Portuguese Nursing Staff: A Winning Combination. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 

37-41.

 

Othman Talib. (2015). SPSS Analisis Data Kuantitatif Untuk Penyelidik Muda. Selangor. 

 

Pace, F., D’Urso, G., Zappulla, C., & Pace, U. (2019). The Relation between Workload and

Personal Well-Being among University Professors. Current Psychology, Springer.

 

Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step By Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program 

(6ᵗʰ edition). London: McGraw-Hill Education.

 

Panneerselvam, D. (2016). Job Satisfaction of Private School Employees – An Overview.

Primax International Journal of Human Resources, 29-33.

 

Park, S., Hye-Seung, K., & Eun-Jee, K. (2018). Does Supervisor Support Make a Difference in 

Employees’ Training and Job Performance? An Empirical Study of a Professional  Development  

Program.  European  Journal  of  Training  and Development, 1-34.

 

Parris, M. A. (2003). Work Teams: Perceptions of a Ready-Made Support System?

Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 15, 71–83.

 

Pimploi, T., Patsara, S., Li, H., & Aongart, A. (2020), The Influence of Work-Related Supports on 

Employee Engagement in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Thailand. Systematic Review Pharmacy, 11(2), 

576-585.

 

Prusak, L., & Cohen, D. (2001). How to Invest in Social Capital. Harvard Business Review, 79(6), 

86-93.

 

Pui-Yee, W., Nur Fatihah Abdullah Bandar & Jamayah Saili. (2017). Workplace Factors and  Work-Life  

Balance  among  Employees  in  Selected  Services  Sector. International Journal of Business and 

Society, 18(4), 677-684.

 

Pulich, M. & Tourigny, L. (2004). Workplace Devience. Strategies for Modifying Employee Behaviour. 

The Health Care Manager, 23(4), 290–301.

 

Putri, M. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Autonomy, Workload dan Work Life Balance terhadap Job 

Performance Telaah Pada Karyawan PT XYZ. Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan. Indonesia: Universitas 

Multimedia Nusantara.

 

Rajan, D. (2020). Long Working Hours Related Factors Causing Heavy Workload: An Empirical Study 

Among Sanitary Workers. Indian Journal of Applied Economics

and Business, 2(2), 129-155.

 

Ramos-Sanchez, L., Esnil, E., Goodwin, A., Riggs, S., Touster, L.O., Wright, L.K., & Rodolfa, E. 

(2002). Negative Supervisory Events: Effects on Supervision and Supervisory Alliance. Professional 

Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(2), 197- 202.

 

Rashid, H. A., Asad, A., & Ashraf, M. M. (2011). Factors Persuading Employee Engagement and Linkage 

of EE to Personal and Organizational Performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary 

Research in Business, 3(5), 98-108.

 

Rashifah Kamaruddin. (2013). Relationship between Job Demand and Job Resources on Employees’ Work 

Engagement in HVAC Industry in Malaysia. Unpublished thesis. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behavior. United States: Pearson Education 

Inc.

 

Robinson, D., Perryman, S., & Hayday, S. (2004). The Drivers of Employee Engagement.

Brighton (UK): Institute for Employment Studies.

 

Rosnah Ishak & Siti Nur Fatihah Rusman. (2018). Prestasi Kerja Guru dan Hubungannya dengan Faktor 

Beban Tugas, Persekitaran Kerja dan Personal: Kajian Kes di sebuah Sekolah di Sabah. Jurnal 

Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 5(1), 1-15.

 

Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family 

Roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.

 

Rusinah Siron, Noorazizun Mohd Saad, Natasha Jamil & Mohd Amin Tasripan. (2017). An Assessment of 

Green Quality of Working Life Dimensions: A Study at Public Institutions  in  Southern  Zone  State 

 of  Malaysia.  International  Review  of Management and Business Research, 6(3), 1216-1228.

 

Sadiya Ahmed Mohamed & Maimunah Ali. (2016). The Impact of Supervisor Support on Employees’ 

Engagement, International Journal of Research and Review, 3(3), 14- 20.

 

Sadiya Ahmed Mohamed & Maimunah Ali. (2016). The Importance of Supervisor Support for  Employees’  

Affective  Commitment:  An  analysis  of  Job  Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific 

and Research Publications, 6(2), 435-439.

 

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial 

Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.

 

Saks, A. M. (2011). Manage Employee Engagement to Manage Performance. Industrial and Organizational 

Psychology, 4, 204-207.

 

Saks,  . M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited.

Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 6(1), 19-38.

 

Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A Cross-National Study of Work Engagement as a Mediator 

between Job Resources and Proactive Behavior. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 

19, 116–131.

 

Salanova, M., Agut, S. & Peiro, J. M. (2005). Linking Organizational Resources and Work Engagement 

to Employee Performance and Customer Loyalty: The Mediating role of Service Climate. Journal of 

Applied Psychology, 90, 1217–1227.

 

Saleem, A., & Abbasi, A. S. (2015). Impact of Life and Job Domain Characteristics on Work Life 

Balance of Textile Employees in Pakistan. Science International Lahore, 27(3), 2409-2416.

 

Samana Sabri Murshed & Abdul Jalil. (2018). The Interrelationship between Co-Workers’ Support, Job 

Satisfaction, and Work Stress Among Apparel Merchandisers. International Journal of Science and 

Research Methodology, 9(4), 21-30.

 

Santoso, A., Kessi, A. M. P., & Anggraeni, F. S. (2020). Hindrance of Quality of Knowledge Sharing 

Due to Workplace Incivility in Indonesian Pharmacies: Mediating Role of Co-Worker and 

Organizational Support. Systematic Review Pharmacy, 11(2), 525-534.

 

Sarah Mahfuz & Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman. (2020). Hubungan Faktor Psikososial Pekerjaan terhadap 

Penglibatan Kerja dalam kalangan Penjawat Awam. Akademia, 90(2), 51-62.

 

Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students (8ᵗʰ 

edition). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

 

Sawasdee, A., Saengchai, S., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). The Role of Emotional Demands,  

Supervisor  Support  and  Training  Opportunities  towards  Work Engagement  among  Employees  in  

Pharmaceutical  Companies  of  Thailand. Systematic Review Pharmacy, 11(3), 176-184.

 

Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources and Relationship with Burnout 

and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior¸ 25, 293-315.

 

Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2007). Work Engagement: An Emerging Psychological Concept and Its 

Implications for Organizations. In S .W. Gilliland, D. D. Steiner, &

D. P. Skarlicki. (Eds). Research in Social Issues in Management (Volume 5): Managing Social and 

Ethical Issues in Organizations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.

 

Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and 

Engagement in University Students. Journal of Cross-Cultural

Psychology, 33(5), 464-481.

 

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzales-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002).  The Measurement of 

Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Factor Analytic Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 

71-92.

 

Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Van Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, Burnout, and Engagement: 

Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well-Being? Applied Psychology: An 

International Review, 57(2), 173-203.

 

Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale: Preliminary Manual. Utrecht: 

Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.

 

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, J. R. G. (2009). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach 

(5ᵗʰ Edition). Chichester: Wiley Publishers.

 

Sergio, A. L. B., & Antonio, R. M. A. (2016). The Effect of Procedural Fairness and Supervisor 

Support in the Relationship between Job Insecurity and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Review 

of Business Management, 19(65), 337-357.

 

Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. C. (1996).  Social Exchange in Organizations: Perceived 

Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange, and Employee Reciprocity. Journal of Applied 

Psychology¸ 81(3), 219-227.

 

Shah, S. S. H., Jaffari, A. R., Aziz, J., Ejaz, W., Ul-Haq, I., & Raza, S. N. (2011). Workload  and 

 Performance  of  Employees.  Interdisciplinary  Journal  of Contemporary Research in Business, 

3(5), 256–267.

 

Shaheen Ahmad, Fais Ahmad & Abdul Rahman Jaaffar. (2017). Employee Engagement on Employee Relations 

with Supervisor and Employee Performance Relationship in Developing Economy: Critical Analysis with 

PLS-SEM. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(4A), 389-398.

 

Sharifah Shafie, Suhaida Abdul Kadir & Soaib Asimiran. (2014). Workload of Technical Secondary 

School Teachers: Management and Administration’s Perceptions. Malaysian Online Journal of 

Educational Management, 2(4), 21-35.

 

Shuck, B., Owen, J., Manthos, M., Quirk, K., & Rhoades, G. (2016). Co-Workers with Benefits: the 

Influence of Commitment Uncertainty and Status on Employee Engagement in Romantic Workplace 

Relationships. Journal of Management Development, 35(3), 1-24.

 

Sidek Mohd Noah & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul. Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan 

Modul Akademik. Selangor: Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.

 

Singh, O. P., & Singh, S. K. (2015). Quality of Work Life of Teachers Working in Higher Educational 

Institutions: A Strategic Approach towards Teacher’s Excellence. International Journal of Advance 

Research in Computer Science and Management

Studies, 3(9), 180-185.

 

Siti Asiah Md Shahid, Suhaiel Amdan, Anisah Alwi, Farah Syazreena & Che Norlia Hassan. (2016). 

Social Support, Negative Affectivity, and Work Personal Life Balance of Academics. International 

Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(7), 500-504.

 

Siti Hajar Zakariah. (2013). Beban Tugas Guru Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Sumber Teknologi Pendidikan 

di Empat Buah Sekolah Menengah Teknik dan Vokasional di Johor. Unpublished thesis. Johor: 

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

 

Sloan, M. M. (2012). Unfair Treatment in the Workplace and Worker Well-Being: The Role of Coworker 

Support in a Service Work Environment. Work and Occupations, 39, 3-34.

 

Sobia Ali & Yasir Aftab Farooqi. (2014). Effect of Work Overload on Job Satisfaction, Effect of Job 

Satisfaction on Employee Performance and Employee Engagement (A Case of Public Sector University of 

Gujranwala Division). International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 5(8), 

23-30.

 

Sri Harini, Muchlis, R. L., & Hamidah. (2019). Work Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement 

and Organizational Commitment among Lecturers. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14(7), 

2195-2202.

 

Srimarut, T., & Mekhum, W. (2020). The Influence of Workload and Co-Worker Attitude on Job 

Satisfaction among Employees of Pharmaceutical Industry in Bangkok, Thailand: The Mediating Role of 

Training. Systematic Review Pharmacy, 11(2), 603-611.

 

Suan, C. L. (2015, 22 Disember). Social Support and Work Engagement: Commitment to Shift Work as 

Moderator. Conference on Business Management Research II, Kedah. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Suan, C. L., & Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin. (2013). Role Clarity, Supervisory Support, Peer Support, and 

Work Engagement of Customer-Contact Employees in Hotels: A Future Research Agenda. Tourismos: An 

International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 8(1), 315-329.

 

Suan, C. L., & Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin. (2016). Supervisor Support and Work Engagement of Hotel 

Employees in Malaysia. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 31(1), 2-18.

 

Subash, C. P., & Narendra, P. (2020). Supervisor Support, Work Engagement and Turnover Intentions: 

Evidence from Indian Call Centres. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 14(5), 621-635.

 

Suhaimi Kamarudin & Muhammad Suhaimi Taat. (2020). Faktor Tingkah Laku Pelajar, Kekangan Masa, 

Beban Tugas dan Tekanan Kerja dalam Kalangan Guru.

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(9), 114-124.

 

Sukawati, N. N., Gunawan, I., Ubaidillah, E., Maulina, S., & Santoso, F. B. (2020). Human Resources 

Management in Basic Education Schools. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities 

Research, 487, 292-299.

 

Susskind A. M., Kacmar K. M., & Borchgrevink C. P. (2007). How Organizational Standards and 

Co-Worker Support Improve Restaurant Service. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration 

Quarterly, 48(4), 370–379.

 

Susskind, A. M., Kacmar, K. M., & Borchgrevink, C. P. (2003). Customer Service Providers’ Attitudes 

Relating to Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction in the Customer-Server Exchange. Journal of 

Applied Psychology, 88, 179-187.

 

Swanberg, J. E., McKechnie, S. P., Ojha, M. U. & James, J. B. (2011). Schedule Control, Supervisor 

Support and Work Engagement: A Winning Combination for Workers in Hourly Jobs? Journal of 

Vocational Behavior, 79, 613-624.

 

Syihabudhin, S., Elfia, N., Lohana, J., Afwan, H., & Ofan, D. (2020). Effect of Workload on 

Employee Performance through Work Life Balance at Ollino Garden Hotel Malang East Java. Advances in 

Economics, Business and Management Research, 149, 141-146.

 

Taipale, S., Selander, K., Anttila, T., & Nätti, J. (2011). Work Engagement in Eight European 

Countries: The Role of Job Demands, Autonomy, and Social Support. International Journal of 

Sociology and Social Policy, 31(7/8), 486-504.

 

Teng, M., Zaiton Hassan, Kasa, M., Nur Fatihah Abdullah Bandar, Rusli Ahmad & Nik Norsyamimi Md 

Nor. (2017). The Relationship between Workload and Students’ Disruptive Behaviours with Turnover 

Intention among Academicians of Private Higher Education Institutions: Boredom at Workplace as 

Mediator. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(4), 828-837.

 

Timperley, H., & Robinson, V. (2000). Workload and the Professional Culture of Teachers.

Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 28(1), 47–62.

 

Torres, R. M., Ulmer, J. D., & Aschenbrener, M. S. (2008). Workload Distribution among Agriculture 

Teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(2), 75–87.

 

Treiber, L. A., & Davis, S. N. (2012). The Role of “Workplace Family” Support on Worker Health, 

Exhaustion and Pain. Community, Work & Family, 15, 1-27.

 

Tuckman, B. W., & Waheed, M. A. (1981). Evaluation an Individualized Science Programme for 

Community College Students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18, 489-495.

 

Umair Ahmed, Abdul Halim Abdul Majid, La’aleh Al-Aali & Soleman Mozammel. (2018). Can Meaningful 

Work Really Moderate The Relationship between Supervisor Support, Coworker Support and Work 

Engagement? Management

Science Letters, 9, 229-242.

 

Umair Ahmed, Muzafar Hussain Shah, Benazir Ahmed Siddiqui, Saeed Abbas Shah, Abdul Samad Dahri & 

Muhammad Asif Qureshi. (2017). Troubling Job Demands at Work: Examining the Deleterious Impact of 

Workload and Emotional Demands on Work Engagement. International Journal of Academic Research in 

Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 96-106.

 

Umair Ahmed, Nadeem Khalid, Ammar Ahmed dan Muzafar Hussain Shah. (2017). Assessing Moderation of 

Employee Engagement on the Relationship between Work Discretion, Job Clarity and Business 

Performance in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(12), 

1197-1210.

 

Usman, Y. D. (2016). Educational Resources: An Integral Component for Effective School 

Administration in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(13), 27- 37.

 

Uzun, T. (2018). A Study of Correlations between Perceived Supervisor Support, Organizational 

Identification, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Burnout at Schools. European Journal of 

Educational Research, 7(3), 501-511.

 

Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the 

Relationships between Job Characteristics, Burnout and Engagement: The Role of Basic Psychological 

Need Satisfaction. Work & Stress, 22, 277-294.

 

Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2008). Work-Home 

Interference among Nurses: Reciprocal Relationships with Job Demands and Health. Journal of 

Advanced Nursing, 62(5), 572–584.

 

Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Kummerling, A., Van der Van Dam, K., Schoot, E., Estryn- Behar, M., & 

Hasselhorn, H. M. (2010). The Impact of Social Support upon Intention to Leave among Female Nurses 

in Europe: Secondary Analysis of Data from the Next Survey. International Journal of Nursing 

Studies, 47, 434–445.

 

Van Mol, M. M. C., Nijkamp, M. D., Bakker, J., Schaufeli, W. B., & Kompanje, E. J. O. (2018).  

Counterbalancing  Work-Related  Stress?  Work  Engagement  among Intensive Care Professionals. 

Australian Critical Care, 31, 234-241.

 

Vann, J. C. (2017). Relationships between Job Satisfaction, Supervisor Support, and Profitability 

among Quick Service Industry Employees. Unpublished thesis. Walden University.

 

Vera, M., Martinez, I. M., Lorente, L., & Chambel, J. M. (2016). The Role of Co-worker and 

Supervisor Support in the Relationship between Job Autonomy and Work Engagement among Portuguese 

Nurses: A Multilevel Study. Social Indicators Research, 121(3), 1-16.

 

Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support and 

Leader-Member  Exchange:  A  Social  Exchange  Perspective.  Academy  of

Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.

 

Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers as Initiators of 

Trust: An Exchange Relationship Framework for Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior. 

Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 513- 530.

 

Wilkinson, D., & Birmingham, P. (2003). Using Research Instruments: A Guide for Researchers. New 

York: Taylor & Francis Group.

 

Wolff, M. B., Gay, J. L., Wilson, M. G., DeJoy, D. M. & Vandenberg, R. J. (2016). Does 

Organizational and Coworker Support Moderate Diabetes Risk and Job Stress Among Employees? American 

Journal of Health Promotion, 1-4.

 

Wright, J. (2009). Role Stressors, Coworker Support, and Work Engagement: A Longitudinal Study. 

Unpublished thesis. San Jose State University.

 

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The Role of Personal 

Resources in the Job Demands-Resources Model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 

121-141.

 

Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Reciprocal Relationships 

between Job Resources, Personal Resources, and Work Engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 

235-244.

 

Yadav, M., & Badugu, D. R. (2017). Understanding the Work Life Balance of Faculties of Engineering 

Colleges of Allahabad. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 7(4), 423-427.

 

Ying, O. X., Azlinzuraini Ahmad, Wan Norhayati Mohamed & Siti Falindah Padlee. (2017). A Gen-Y 

Study of Work Engagement as Mediator between Career Development and Turnover Intention in Malaysia 

Top Companies. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 23(9), 8961-8965.

 

Yuker, H. E. (1984). Faculty Workload: Research, Theory and Interpretation. ASHE- ERIC Higher 

Education Research Report No. 10, Washington: Association for the Study of Higher Education.

 

Yusra, A. A, & Muhammad, A. A. H. (2013). The Academic Supervisor’s Role in the Advancement of the 

Schools' Curricula based on Secondary Schools Teachers' Perspective at the Directorate of– Almafraq 

– Jordan. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(27), 160-171.

 

Zafarullah Sahito & Vaisanen, P. (2016). Dimensions of Job satisfaction of Teacher Educators: A 

Qualitative Study of the Universities of Sindh Province of Pakistan. Journal of Curriculum and 

Teaching, 5(2), 43-54.

 

Zamzam Mohd Walid & Nor Azila Mohd Noor. (2011). Pengaruh Sokongan Sosial terhadap  Sinisisme  

Perubahan  Organisasi.  International  Conference  on

Management Proceeding.

 

Zapata, C. P., Olsen, J. E., & Martins, L. L. (2013). Social Exchange from the Supervisor’s

Perspective: Employee Trustworthiness as a Predictor of Interpersonal and

Informational Justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,

121, 1-12.

 

Zuhaili Mohd Arshad & Ramlee Mustapha. (2017). Hubungan antara Beban Tugas Dengan

Efikasi Diri dan Kepuasan Kerja Pensyarah di Kolej Vokasional. Sains Humanika,

9(1-5), 35-43.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.