A.A.Ameer, Suriani, A.R.Jabur, N. Hashim, Fatiatun, & K.Zaid. (2019). The

Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Nanowires by Sol-Gel Immersion Methods. IOP Conf. Series: 

Journal of Physics, 1170(1), 012005.

 

Abd, Engku, Ghapur Engku, W A Dhafina, S Hasiah, and N A N Ali. (2012). Effect of the ZnO Rods 

Growth Time to the Conductivity Of ZnO Thin Film Combined with N₃ Dye. In Advanced Materials 

Research, 390(12), 3286–90.

 

Abdulgafour, H. I., Z. Hassan, N. H. Al-Hardan, and F. K. Yam. (2010). Growth of High-Quality ZnO 

Nanowires without a Catalyst. Physica B: Condensed Matter 405(19), 4216–4218.

 

Abdulrahman, A. F., S. M. Ahmed, and M. A. Almessiere. (2017). Effect of the Growth Time on the 

Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown by Low Temperature Method. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials 

and Biostructures 12(4), 1001–1009.

 

Acik, Muge, and Yves J Chabal. (2012).“A Review on Reducing Graphene Oxide for Band Gap 

Engineering. Journal of Materials Science Research, 2(1), 101–112.

 

Aguilar-bolados, H, J Brasero, M A Lopez-manchado, and M Yazdani-pedram. (2014). High Performance 

Natural Rubber/Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanocomposites by Latex Technology. Composites Part 

B Engineering 67(12), 449–454.

 

Ahmad, M., E. Ahmed, Yuewei Zhang, N. R. Khalid, Jianfeng Xu, M. Ullah, and Zhanglian Hong. (2013). 

Preparation of Highly Efficient Al-Doped ZnO Photocatalyst by Combustion Synthesis. Current Applied 

Physics, 13(4), 697– 704.

 

Ahmad, Rafiq, Min-sang Ahn, and Yoon-bong Hahn. (2017). ZnO Nanorods Array Based Field-Effect 

Transistor Biosensor for Phosphate Detection. Journal of Colloid And Interface Science, 498(7), 

292–97.

 

Ahn, Cheol Hyoun, Won Suk Han, Bo Hyun Kong, and Hyung Koun Cho. (2009). Ga-Doped ZnO Nanorod 

Arrays Grown by Thermal Evaporation and Their Electrical Behavior. Nanotechnology, 20(1), 015601.

 

Al-Hardan, N. H., Azman Jalar, M. A. Abdul Hamid, Lim Kar Keng, N. M. Ahmed, and R. Shamsudin. 

(2014). A Wide-Band UV Photodiode Based on N-ZnO/p-Si Heterojunctions. Sensors and Actuators, A: 

Physical, 207(12), 61–66.

 

Alam, M J, and D C Cameron. (2014). Preparation and Properties of Transparent Conductive 

Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Sol – Gel Process Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: 

Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 19

(4), 1642-1646.

 

Alam, Syed Nasimul, Nidhi Sharma, and Lailesh Kumar. (2017). Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by 

Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide ( rGO ). 

Scientific Research Publishing, 6(1), 1-18.

 

Albini, Angelo, and Maurizio Fagnoni. (2008). 1908: Giacomo Ciamician and the Concept of Green 

Chemistry. ChemSusChem, 1(1–2), 63–66.

 

Alchaar, Rodolphe, Houssin Makhlouf, Nadine Abboud, Sophie Tingry, Radhouane Chtourou, Matthieu 

Weber, and Mikhael Bechelany. (2017). Enhanced UV Photosensing Properties of ZnO Nanowires Prepared 

by Electrodeposition and Atomic Layer Deposition. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 21(10), 

2877- 2886.

 

Ali, Ghusoon M., and P. Chakrabarti. (2010). ZnO-Based Interdigitated MSM and MISIM Ultraviolet 

Photodetectors. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 43 (41), 415103.

 

Ali A A Mohammed. Suriani & Akram R Jabur. (2018). The Enhancement Of UV Sensor Response By Zinc 

Oxide Nanorods/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer Nanocomposites Film The Enhancement Of UV Sensor 

Response By Zinc Oxide Nanorods/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer Nanocomposites Film. IOP Conf. 

Series: Journal of Physics, 1003(5), 012070.

 

Alzoubi, Tariq, Hamzeh Qutaish, Esra Al-shawwa, and Sameh Hamzawy. (2018). Enhanced UV-Light 

Detection Based on ZnO Nanowires/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Using Cost-Effective Low Temperature 

Hydrothermal Process. Optical Materials, 77(1), 226–32.

 

Ambrosi,  Adriano,  and  Martin  Pumera.  (2016).  Electrochemically  Exfoliated Graphene and 

Graphene Oxide for Energy Storage and Electrochemistry Applications. Chemistry - A European 

Journal, 22(1), 153–59.

 

Ameen, Sadia, M. Shaheer Akhtar, Minwu Song, and Hyung Shik Shin. (2012). Vertically Aligned ZnO 

Nanorods on Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Graphene Oxide Thin Film Substrate: Solar 

Energy Conversion. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 4(8), 4405–12.

 

Anas Boussaa, S., A. Kheloufi, N. Boutarek Zaourar, and F. Kerkar. (2016). Valorization of Algerian 

Sand for Photovoltaic Application. Acta Physica Polonica A, 130(1), 133–37.

 

Antony, Albin, P. Poornesh, I. V. Kityk, G. Myronchuk, Ganesh Sanjeev, Vikash Chandra Petwal, Vijay 

Pal Verma, and Jishnu Dwivedi. (2019). A Study of 8 MeV E-Beam on Localized Defect States in ZnO 

Nanostructures and Its Role on Photoluminescence and Third Harmonic Generation. Journal of 

Luminescence, 207(11), 321–32.

 

Aprilia, A., H. Fernando, A. Bahtiar, L. Safriani, and R. Hidayat. (2018). Influences of Al Dopant 

Atoms to the Structure and Morphology of Al Doped ZnO Nanorod Thin Film. Journal of Physics: 

Conference Series, 1080(1), 1–8.

 

Arias, L. M.Franco, A. Arias Duran, D. Cardona, E. Camps, M. E. Gómez, and G. Zambrano. (2015). 

Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Thin Films Deposited by Dc 

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics, 614(1), 012008.

 

Aslam, Sehrish, Tanveer Hussain Bokhari, Tauseef Anwar, Usman Khan, Adeela Nairan, and Karim Khan. 

(2019). Graphene Oxide Coated Graphene Foam Based Chemical Sensor. Materials Letters, 235(9), 

66–70.

 

Azimirad, R., A. Khayatian, M. Almasi Kashi, and S. Safa. (2014). Electrical Investigation and 

Ultraviolet Detection of ZnO Nanorods Encapsulated with ZnO and Fe-Doped ZnO Layer. Journal of 

Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 71 (3), 540–48.

 

Azmina, M S, R Nor, H A Rafaie, N S A Razak, S F A Sani, and Z Osman. (2017). Enhanced 

Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Grown on Porous Silica Microparticles. Applied 

Nanoscience, 7(8), 885–92.

 

B.C.Brodie. 2018. On the Atomic Weight of Graphite. The Royal Society, 149(1859), 249–59.

 

Bahadur, Harish, Senior Member, A K Srivastava, and Sudhir Chandra. (2008). Effect of Sol Strength 

on Growth , Faceting and Orientation of Sol-Gel Derived ZnO Nanostructures. IEEE Sensors Journal, 

8(6), 831–36.

 

Bai, Suo, Qi Xu, Long Gu, Fei Ma, Yong Qin, and Zhong Lin Wang. (2012). Single Crystalline Lead 

Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Nano/micro-Wire Based Self- Powered UV Sensor. Nano Energy, 1(6), 789–95.

 

Bai, Xiaojuan, Li Wang, Ruilong Zong, Yanhui Lv, Yiqing Sun, and Yongfa Zhu. (2013). Performance 

Enhancement of ZnO Photocatalyst via Synergic Effect of Surface Oxygen Defect and Graphene 

Hybridization. Langmuir, 29 (9), 3097– 3105.

 

Balaguera-Gelves, Marcia del R., Oscar J. Perales-Prez, Surinder P. Singh, Jos A. Jimnez, Joaqun A. 

Aparicio-Bolaos, & Samuel P. Hernndez-Rivera. (2013). Improved Low-Temperature Aqueous Synthesis of 

ZnO Nanorods and Their Use in SERS Detection of 4-ABT and RDX. Materials Sciences and Applications, 

4 (1), 29–38.

 

Balandin, Alexander A, Suchismita Ghosh, Wenzhong Bao, Irene Calizo, Desalegne Teweldebrhan, Feng 

Miao, & Chun Ning Lau. (2008). Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene. Nano 

letters, 8(3), 902-907.

 

Balcha, Abebe, Om Prakash Yadav, & Tania Dey. (2016). Photocatalytic Degradation of  Methylene  

Blue  Dye  by  Zinc  Oxide  Nanoparticles  Obtained  from Precipitation and Sol-Gel Methods. 

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(24), 25485–93.

 

Bao, Jiming, Ilan Shalish, Zhihua Su, Ron Gurwitz, Federico Capasso, Xiaowei Wang, & Zhifeng Ren. 

(2011). Photoinduced Oxygen Release and Persistent Photoconductivity in ZnO Nanowires. Nanoscale 

Research Letters, 6(404), 1–7.

 

Barroso-bujans, F, S Cerveny, R Verdejo, & J J Val. (2010). Permanent Adsorption of Organic 

Solvents in Graphite Oxide and Its Effect on the Thermal Exfoliation. Carbon, 48 (4), 1079–1087.

 

Basak, D., G. Amin, B. Mallik, G. K. Paul, & S. K. Sen. (2003). Photoconductive UV Detectors on 

Sol-Gel-Synthesized ZnO Films. Journal of Crystal Growth, 256 (1–2), 73–77.

 

Bayram, K, & Didem Omay. (2014). Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing In-Situ Deposition 

of Zinc Oxide Nanowires onto UV-Cured Chitin Derivatives and  Their  Antibacterial  Properties.  

Materials  Science  in  Semiconductor Processing, 20(12), 35–40.

 

Becker, John, Krishna Reddy Raghupathi, Jordan St. Pierre, Dan Zhao, & Ranjit T. Koodali.  2011.  

Tuning  of  the  Crystallite  and  Particle  Sizes  of  ZnO Nanocrystalline Materials in 

Solvothermal Synthesis and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Dye Degradation.  Journal of Physical 

Chemistry C, 115(28), 13844–13850.

 

Berg, Hermann. (2008). Johann Wilhelm Ritter - The Founder of Scientific Electrochemistry. Review 

of Polarography, 54(2), 99–103.

 

Bhatt, Vishwa, Manjeet Kumar, Joondong Kim, Hak Jun Chung, & Ju Hyung Yun. (2019). Persistent 

Photoconductivity in Al-Doped ZnO Photoconductors under Air, Nitrogen and Oxygen Ambiance: Role of 

Oxygen Vacancies Induced DX Centers. Ceramics International, 45(7), 8561-8570.

 

Bhunia, A K, P K Jha, D Rout, & S Saha. (2016). Morphological Properties and Raman Spectroscopy of 

ZnO Nanorods. Journal of Physical Sciences, 21(12), 2350–0352.

 

Bindu,  P.,  &  Sabu  Thomas.  (2014).  Estimation  of  Lattice  Strain  in  ZnO Nanoparticles: 

X-Ray Peak Profile Analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics, 8(4), 123–34.

 

Bo, Zheng, Xiaorui Shuai, Shun Mao, Huachao Yang, Jiajing Qian, Junhong Chen, Jianhua Yan, & Kefa 

Cen. (2014). Green Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensing and Energy Storage 

Applications. Scientific reports, 4(2014), 4684.

 

Boon, Chin, Law Yong, & Abdul Wahab. (2018). A Review of ZnO Nanoparticles as Solar Photocatalysts 

: Synthesis , Mechanisms and Applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81(3), 536–51.

 

Boruah, Purna K., Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub, & Manash R. Das. (2018). Magnetic 

Fe3O4@V2O5/rGO Nanocomposite as a Recyclable Photocatalyst for Dye Molecules Degradation under 

Direct Sunlight Irradiation. Chemosphere 191(2018), 503–13.

 

Bragg, W H, & W L Bragg. (1913). The Reflection of X-rays by Crystals. (II.). Proceedings of the 

Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, 

89(610), 246-248.

 

Brauer, G. (1963). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press New York London. 

Vol. 1.

 

C.M.Firdaus, M. S.B. Shah Rizam, M. Rusop, & S. Rahmatul Hidayah. (2012). Characterization of ZnO 

and ZnO:TiO₂ thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Spray- Spin Coating Technique. Procedia Engineering, 

41(2012), 1367–73.

 

Caglar, Mujdat, Saliha Ilican, Yasemin Caglar, & Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu. (2009). Applied Surface 

Science Electrical Conductivity and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructured Thin Film. Applied 

Surface Science, 255(8), 4491-4496.

 

Caputo, D., G. de Cesare, A. Nascetti, & M. Tucci. (2006). Innovative Window Layer for Amorphous 

Silicon/amorphous Silicon Carbide UV Sensor. Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids, 352(9–20), 

1818–21.

 

Chang, S. P., S. J. Chang, Y. Z. Chiou, C. Y. Lu, T. K. Lin, Y. C. Lin, C. F. Kuo, &

H. M. Chang. (2007). ZnO Photoconductive Sensors Epitaxially Grown on Sapphire Substrates. Sensors 

and Actuators, A: Physical, 140(1), 60–64.

 

Chang, Yoon-seok. (2015). Partitioning Behavior of Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants 

among Feto−Maternal Bloods and Tissues. Environmental science & technology, 49(12), 7411-7422.

 

Charpentier, C., P. Prod’homme, I. Maurin, M. Chaigneau, & P. Roca i Cabarrocas. (2011). X-Ray 

Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy for a Better Understanding of ZnO:Al Growth Process. EPJ 

Photovoltaics, 2(2011), 25002.

 

Chauhan, Pankaj Singh, Rishi Kant, Ashutosh Rai, Ankur Gupta, & Shantanu Bhattacharya. (2019). 

Facile Synthesis of ZnO/GO Nanoflowers over Si Substrate for Improved Photocatalytic Decolorization 

of MB Dye and Industrial Wastewater  under  Solar  Irradiation.  Materials  Science  in  

Semiconductor Processing, 89(6), 6–17.

 

Chem, J Mater. (2 2). Crystal Composite via Thermal Treatment †. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 

22(2012) 3825–3831.

 

Chen, C Y, C A Lin, M J Chen, G R Lin, & J H He. (2009). ZnO/Al₂O₃ Core–shell Nanorod  

Arrays:Growth,  Structural  Characterization,  and  Luminescent Properties. Nanotechnology, 20(18), 

185605.

 

Chen, Changsong. (2018). UV-Assisted Photochemical Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/ZnO 

Nanowires Composite for Photoresponse Enhancement in UV Photodetectors. Nanomaterials, 8(1), 26.

 

Chen, Hongyu, Kewei Liu, Linfeng Hu, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, & Xiaosheng Fang. (2015). New Concept 

Ultraviolet Photodetectors. Materials Today, 18(9), 493–

502.

 

Chen, K J, F Y Hung, S J Chang, & S J Young. (2009). Optoelectronic Characteristics of UV 

Photodetector Based on ZnO Nanowire Thin Films. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 479(24), 674–77.

 

Chen, Ming-Wei, Cheng-Ying Chen, Der-Hsien Lien, Yong Ding, & Jr-Hau He. (2010). Photoconductive 

Enhancement of Single ZnO Nanowire through Localized Schottky Effects. Optics Express, 18(14), 

14836.

 

Chen, P. K., G. J. Lee, S. H. Davies, S. J. Masten, R. Amutha, & J. J. Wu. (2013). Hydrothermal 

Synthesis of Coral-like Au/ZnO Catalyst and Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Dye. Materials 

Research Bulletin, 48 (6), 2375–2382.

 

Chen, Xu, Daping He, Hui Wu, Xiaofeng Zhao, Jian Zhang, Kun Cheng, Peng Wu, & Shichun  Mu.  (2015). 

 Platinized  Graphene/ceramics  Nano-Sandwiched Architectures and Electrodes with Outstanding 

Performance for PEM Fuel Cells. Scientific Reports, 5 (11), 1–10.

 

Chen, Yao, & Yanwei Ma. (2010). High Performance Supercapacitors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide in 

Aqueous and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. Carbon, 49 (2), 573–580.

 

Cheng, Jiping, Yunjin Zhang, & Ruyan Guo. (2008). ZnO Microtube Ultraviolet Detectors. Journal of 

Crystal Growth, 310(1), 57–61.

 

Choi, Kyeongmuk, Taeho Kang, & Seong-geun Oh. (2012). Preparation of Disk Shaped ZnO Particles 

Using Surfactant and Their PL Properties. Materials Letters, 75, 240–243.

 

Choon, Jeung, Sung Ho, Jong Hun, Se Hong, Ki Buem, Yongho Seo, Young-soo Seo, & Naesung Lee. 

(2011). Spectroscopic Studies and Electrical Properties of Transparent Conductive Films Fabricated 

by Using Surfactant-Stabilized Single- Walled Carbon Nanotube Suspensions. Carbon, 49(13), 4301–13.

 

Chua, Chun Kiang, & Martin Pumera. (2014). Chem Soc Rev Chemical Reduction of Graphene  Oxide :A  

Synthetic  Chemistry  Viewpoint.  Chemical  Society Reviews, 43(1), 291-312.

 

Colonna, S, O Monticelli, J Gomez, C Novara, G Saracco, & A Fina. (2016). Effect of Morphology and 

Defectiveness of Graphene-Related Materials on the Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Their 

 

Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymer, 102 (2016), 292–300.

 

Compton, Owen C, & Sonbinh T Nguyen. (2010). Graphene Oxide , Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide , and 

Graphene : Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials. Small, 6(6), 711–23.

 

Cooper, Adam J, & Ian Kinloch. (2015). How to get between the Sheets: A Review of Recent Works on 

the Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphene Materials from Bulk Graphite. Nanoscale, 7(16): 

6944-6956.

 

Damen, T C, S P S Porto, and B Tell. 966. “Raman Effect in Zinc Oxide.” J. Phys. Chem. Solids Mitra 

and J. I. Bryant, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc 142 (10): 1085–1333.

 

Daneshvar, N, D Salari, and A R Khataee. (2004). Photocatalytic Degradation of AZO Dye Acid Red 14 

in Water on ZnO as an Alternative Catalyst to TiO₂. A: chemistry, 162(2-3), 317-322.

 

Dehghanzad, Behzad, Mir Karim, Razavi Aghjeh, Omid Rafeie, Akram Tavakoli, & Amin Jameie Oskooie. 

(2016). Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene and Functionalized Graphene Via Chemical and 

Thermal Treatment Methods†. RSC Advances, 6(1), 3578–85.

 

Desai, A. V., & M. A. Haque. (2007). Mechanical Properties of ZnO Nanowires.

Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical 134 (1), 169–176.

 

Devaraj,  Ramasamy,  Krishnamoorthy  Karthikeyan,  &  Kadarkaraithangam Jeyasubramanian. (2013). 

Synthesis and properties of ZnO nanorods by modified pechini process. Applied Nanoscience, 3(1), 

37–40.

 

Dhahril, R, & K Omril. (2010). Optical, Electrical and Sensing Properties of ZnO Anoparticles  

Synthesized  by  Sol-Gel  Technique.  In 2014  IEEE  9th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices 

Conference (NMDC), 2(2010), 100- 103.

 

Di, Alessandro, Maria Cantarella, Giuseppe Nicotra, & Vittorio Privitera. (2016). Applied  

Catalysis  B :  Environmental  Low  Temperature  Atomic  Layer Deposition  of  ZnO:Applications  in 

 Photocatalysis.  Applied  Catalysis  B, Environmental, 196(5), 68–76.

 

Ding, Jijun, Minqiang Wang, Jianping Deng, Weiyin Gao, Zhi Yang, & Chenxin Ran. (2013). A 

Comparison Study between ZnO Nanorods Coated with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide. 

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 582(1), 29-32.

 

Dong, Jing-Jing, Chun-Yang Zhen, Hui-Ying Hao, Jie Xing, Zi-Li Zhang, Zhi-Yuan Zheng,  and  

Xing-Wang  Zhang.  (2013).  Controllable  Synthesis  of  ZnO Nanostructures on the Si Substrate by 

a Hydrothermal Route. Nanoscale Research Letters, 8(1), 378.

 

Zhao, Q. X., Klason, P., & Willander, M. (2007). Growth of ZnO nanostructures by vapor–liquid–solid 

method. Applied Physics A, 88(1), 27-30.

 

Elena, Maria, Alessandro Di, Domenico A Cristaldi, Maria Cantarella, Giuliana Impellizzeri, & 

Vittorio Privitera. (2017). ZnO Nanorods Grown on Ultrathin ZnO Seed Layers : Application in Water 

Treatment. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, A: Chemistry, 332(2017), 497–504.

 

Eskandari, M, & V Ahmadi. (2015). Electrochimica Acta Treatment Effects of ZnO and Al:ZnO 

Photoanodes on Short-Circuit Photocurrent and Open-Circuit Photovoltage of Quantum Dot Sensitized 

Solar Cell Using Ag Nanoparticles. Electrochimica Acta, 165(2015), 239–46.

 

Liu, J., Yang, H., Zhen, S. G., Poh, C. K., Chaurasia, A., Luo, J.,& Shen, Z. (2013). A green 

approach to the synthesis of high-quality graphene oxide flakes via electrochemical exfoliation of 

pencil core. Rsc Advances, 3(29), 11745-11750.

 

Fatiatun. (2018). Fabrication of Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Through Spraying Method 

for Solar Cell Application. UPSI, Physics

 

Ferrari, A. C., J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, et al. 

(2006). Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers. Physical Review Letters, 97(18), 1–4.

 

Fouda, A N, A B El Basaty, and E A Eid. (2016). Photo-Response of Functionalized Self-Assembled 

Graphene Oxide on Zinc Oxide Heterostructure to UV Illumination. Nanoscale Research Letters, 11(1), 

13.

 

Fournier, Carrie, O. Bamiduro, H. Mustafa, R. Mundle, R. B. Konda, F. Williams, &

A. K. Pradhan. (2008). Effects of Substrate Temperature on the Optical and Electrical Properties of 

Al:ZnO Films. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 23(8), 85019.

 

Fu, Weiwei, Yanwei Wang, Huijuan Zhang, Miaomiao He, Ling Fang, Xiaohui Yang, Zhengyong Huang, Jian 

Li, Xiao Gu, & Yu Wang. (2019). Epitaxial Growth of Graphene on V8C7 Nanomeshs for Highly Efficient 

and Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Journal of Catalysis, 369(2019), 47–53.

 

Fu, Xue-wen, Zhi-min Liao, Yang-bo Zhou, Han-chun Wu, Ya-qing Bie, & Jun Xu. (2012). Graphene/ZnO 

Nanowire/Graphene Vertical Structure Based Fast- Response Ultraviolet Photodetector. Applied 

Physics Letters, 223114(5), 2–5.

 

Fujishima, Akira, and Kenichi Honda. (1972). Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor 

Electrode. Nature, 238(5358), 37–38.

 

Gao, Rongfa, Zhihua Ying, Weiqin Sheng, & Peng Zheng. (2018). Gas Sensors Based on ZnO/silk Fibroin 

Film for Nitrogen Dioxide Detection under UV Light at Room Temperature. Materials Letters, 229(7), 

210–12.

 

Gedamu, Dawit, Ingo Paulowicz, Sören Kaps, Oleg Lupan, Sebastian Wille, Galina Haidarschin, 

Yogendra Kumar Mishra, & Rainer Adelung. (2014). Rapid Fabrication Technique for Interpenetrated 

ZnO Nanotetrapod Networks for Fast UV Sensors. Advanced materials, 26(10), 1541-1550.

 

Gong, Bo, Tielin Shi, Guanglan Liao, Xiaoping Li, Jie Huang, Temgyuan Zhou, & Zirong Tang. (2017). 

UV Irradiation Assisted Growth of ZnO Nanowires on Optical Fiber Surface. Applied Surface Science, 

406(6), 294–300.

 

Graf, Davy, & Klaus Ensslin. (2008). Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single- and Few-Layer 

Graphene. Nano letters, 7(2), 238-242.

 

Grigorovici, R, & A Vancu. (1966). Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous 

Germanium. Physica Status Solidi (b), 15(2), 627-637.

 

Gu, Yu-Zhu, Hong-Liang Lu, Yuan Zhang, Peng-Fei Wang, Shi-Jin Ding, & David Wei Zhang. (2015). 

Effects of ZnO Seed Layer Annealing Temperature on the Properties of N-ZnO NWs/Al₂O₃/p-Si 

Heterojunction. Optics Express, 23(19), 24456.

 

Guo, M. Y., M. K. Fung, F. Fang, X. Y. Chen, A. M C Ng, A. B. Djurišić, & W. K. Chan. (2011). ZnO 

and TiO₂ 1D Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 

509(4), 1328–1332.

 

Guo, Min, Peng Diao, & Shengmin Cai. (2005). Hydrothermal Growth of Well- Aligned ZnO Nanorod 

Arrays:Dependence of Morphology and Alignment Ordering upon Preparing Conditions. Journal of Solid 

State Chemistry, 178(6), 1864-1873.

 

Gupta, V. K., and Suhas. (2009). Application of Low-Cost Adsorbents for Dye Removal - A Review. 

Journal of Environmental Management, 90(8), 2313– 2342.

 

Haddad, Mohammadine El, Abdelmajid Regti, Rachid Slimani, & Saïd Lazar. (2014). Assessment of the 

Biosorption Kinetic and Thermodynamic for the Removal of Safranin Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using 

Calcined Mussel Shells. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(2), 717–24.

 

Hamid, Sharifah Bee Abdul, Swe Jyan Teh, & Chin Wei Lai. (2017). Photocatalytic Water Oxidation on 

ZnO: A Review. Catalysts, 7(3), 93.

 

Han, Jingbin, Fengru Fan, Chen Xu, Shisheng Lin, Min Wei, Xue Duan, & Zhong Lin Wang. (2010).  ZnO  

Nanotube-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell  and  Its Application in Self-Powered Devices. 

Nanotechnology, 21(40), 405203.

 

Han, Yu, Caizhen Gao, Huarui Zhu, Shuwen Chen, Qianwen Jiang, Tao Li, Magnus Willander, Xia Cao, & 

Ning Wang. (2015). Piezotronic Effect Enhanced Nanowire Sensing of H₂O₂ Released by Cells. Nano 

Energy 13(4), 405–13.

 

Hasin, Panitat, Mario a Alpuche-aviles, & Yiying Wu. (2010). Electrocatalytic Activity of Graphene 

Multilayers toward I-/I3-:Effect of Preparation Conditions and Polyelectrolyte Modification. 

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(37), 15857–61.

 

Hasnidawani, J N, H N Azlina, H Norita, N N Bonnia, S Ratim, & E S Ali. (2016). Synthesis of ZnO 

Nanostructures Using Sol-Gel Method. Procedia Chemistry 19(3), 211–216.

 

Hayes, William Ignatius, Paul Joseph, Muhammad Zeeshan Mughal, & Pagona Papakonstantinou.  (2014).  

Production  of  Reduced  Graphene  Oxide  via Hydrothermal Reduction in an Aqueous Sulphuric Acid 

Suspension and Its Electrochemical Behaviour. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 19(2), 361– 

380.

 

Hernandez-como, N, G Rivas-montes, F J Hernandez-cuevas, & I Mejia. (2015). Materials Science in 

Semiconductor Processing Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Low Temperature Processed 

ZnO/PEDOT:PSS Schottky Barrier Diodes. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 37(9), 14-18.

 

Hessein, Amr, Feiju Wang, Hirokazu Masai, Kazunari Matsuda, & Ahmed Abd El- moneim.  (2017).  

One-Step  Fabrication  of  Copper  Sulfide  Nanoparticles Decorated on Graphene Sheets as Highly 

Stable and Efficient Counter Electrode for CdS-Sensitized Solar Cells. Japanese Journal of Applied 

Physics, 55(11): 112301.

 

Holi, Araa Mebdir, Zulkarnain Zainal, Zainal Abidin Talib, Hong-ngee Lim, Chi-chin Yap, Sook-keng 

Chang, & Asmaa Kadim Ayal. (2016). Effect of Hydrothermal Growth Time on ZnO Nanorod Arrays 

Photoelectrode Performance. Optik- International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 127(23), 

11111-11118.

 

Hong, Hoang-si, and Gwiy-sang Chung. (2014). Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical Controllable Growth 

of Oriented ZnO Nanorods Using Ga-Doped Seed Layers and Surface Acoustic Wave Humidity Sensor. 

Sensors & Actuators:B. Chemical 195(5), 446–51.

 

Hong, Li-Yang, & Heh-Nan Lin. (2015). Fabrication of Single Titanium Oxide Nanodot Ultraviolet 

Sensors by Atomic Force Microscopy Nanolithography. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 232(8), 

94–98.

 

Hong, Ruijin, Hongji Qi, Jianbing Huang, Hongbo He, Zhengxiu Fan, and Jianda Shao. (2005). 

Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Structure and Photoluminescence of Direct Current 

Reactive Magnetron Sputtering ZnO Thin Films. Thin Solid Films, 473(1), 58-62.

 

Hong, Wenjing, Yuxi Xu, Gewu Lu, Chun Li, & Gaoquan Shi. (2008). Transparent Graphene/PEDOT–PSS 

Composite Films as Counter Electrodes of Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochemistry 

Communications, 10(10), 1555-1558.

 

Hou,  Jungang,  Zheng  Wang,  Shuqiang Jiao,  & Hongmin  Zhu.  (2011). 3D Bi₁₂TiO₂₀/TiO₂ 

hierarchical Heterostructure:Synthesis and Enhanced Visible- Light Photocatalytic Activities. 

Journal of Hazardous Materials 192(3), 1772– 1779.

 

Hou, Xianming, Lixia Wang, Feng Li, Guofang He, & Liqing Li. (2015). Controlled Loading of Gold 

Nanoparticles on ZnO Nanorods and Their High Photocatalytic Activity. Materials Letters, 159(11), 

502–505.

 

Hsu, Chih-Hsiung, & Dong-Hwang Chen. (2010). Synthesis and Conductivity Enhancement of Al-Doped ZnO 

Nanorod Array Thin Films. Nanotechnology 21 (28), 285603.

 

Huang, Guozhong, Peipei Zhang, & Zhiming Bai. (2019). Self-Powered UV–visible Photodetectors  Based 

 on  ZnO/graphene/CdS/electrolyte  Heterojunctions. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 776(3), 

346–352.

 

Huang, K., Y. H. Li, S. Lin, C. Liang, H. Wang, C. X. Ye, Y. J. Wang, et al. (2014). A Facile Route 

to Reduced Graphene Oxide-Zinc Oxide Nanorod Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. 

Powder Technology, 257(5), 113–119.

 

Huang, X H, X H Xia, Y F Yuan, & F Zhou. 2011. Electrochimica Acta Porous ZnO Nanosheets Grown on 

Copper Substrates as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries. Electrochimica Acta 56(14), 4960–4965.

 

Hullavarad, S. S., Hullavarad, N. V., Karulkar, P. C., Luykx, A., & Valdivia, P. (2007). Ultra 

Violet Sensors Based on Nanostructured ZnO Spheres in Network of Nanowires : A Novel Approach. 

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 (1), 161–167.

 

Hullavarad, Shiva, Nilima Hullavarad, David Look, & Bruce Claflin. (2009). Persistent 

Photoconductivity Studies in Nanostructured ZnO UV Sensors. Nanoscale Research Letters, 4(12), 

1421–1427.

 

Hummers & Offeman. (1957). Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. Journal of the American Chemical 

Society, 208(1937), 1937.

 

Hung, Chu Manh, Dang Thi Thanh Le, & Nguyen Van Hieu. (2017). On-Chip Growth of Semiconductor Metal 

Oxide Nanowires for Gas Sensors:A Review. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2(3), 

263–85.

 

Iqbal, Younas, M K Mustafa, & N L Muhammad Rosdi. (2016). Effect of Orientation and Configuration 

of ZnO Nanorods on Electrical Conductivity Prepared through Hydrothermal  Method  on Suspended 

Substrate.  Journal  of  Science and Technology, 8(2), 14–17.

 

Jagadale, Supriya B., Vithoba L. Patil, Sharadrao A. Vanalakar, Pramod S. Patil, & Harish P. 

Deshmukh. (2018). Preparation, Characterization of 1D ZnO Nanorods and Their Gas Sensing 

Properties. Ceramics International 44(3), 3333–3340.

 

Jang, Eue Soon, Jung Hee Won, Seong Ju Hwang, & Jin Ho Choy. (2006). Fine Tuning of the Face 

Orientation of ZnO Crystals to Optimize Their Photocatalytic Activity. Advanced Materials, 18(24), 

3309–3312.

 

Jayabal, P., S. Gayathri, V. Sasirekha, J. Mayandi, & V. Ramakrishnan. (2014). Preparation and 

Characterization of ZnO/Graphene Nanocomposite for Improved Photovoltaic Performance. Journal of 

Nanoparticle Research, 16(11), 2640.

 

Jeong, Huisu, Ki Seok Kim, Yong Hwan Kim, Hyun Jeong, Hui Song, Kwang Ho Lee, Mun Seok Jeong, Deli 

Wang, & Gun Young Jung. (2011). A Crossbar-Type High Sensitivity Ultraviolet Photodetector Array 

Based on a One Hole-One Nanorod Configuration via Nanoimprint Lithography. Nanotechnology, 22(27), 

275310.

 

Jiao, Kejia, Dangwen Zhang, & Yunfa Chen. (2014). Efficient and cost-effective graphene on silicon 

solar cells prepared by spray coating. RSC Advances, 4(98), 55300-55304.

Jiménez-González, A.E., Jose A. Soto Urueta, & R. Suárez-Parra. (1998). Optical and Electrical 

Characteristics of Aluminum-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Solgel Technique. Journal of Crystal 

Growth 192(3–4), 430–438.

 

Jin, Z. C., I. Hamberg, & C. G. Granqvist. (1988). Optical Properties of Sputter- Deposited ZnO:Al 

Thin Films. Journal of Applied Physics, 64(10), 5117–5131.

 

Jose, Juan. (2011). The Synthesis of Graphene Sheets with Controlled Thickness and Order Using 

Surfactant-Assisted Electrochemical Processes. Carbon, 50(1), 142- 152.

 

Ju, Dianxing, Hongyan Xu, Jun Zhang, Jing Guo & Bingqiang Cao. (2014). Direct Hydrothermal Growth 

of ZnO Nanosheets on Electrode for Ethanol Sensing. Sensors and Actuators, B:Chemical, 201(10), 

444–451.

 

Kakaei,  Karim,  &  Kobra  Hasanpour.  (2014).  Synthesis  of  Graphene  Oxide Nanosheets   by   

Electrochemical   Exfoliation   of   Graphite   in Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide and Its 

Application for Oxygen Reduction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(37), 15428-15436.

 

Kar, J. P., S. N. Das, J. H. Choi, Y. A. Lee, T. Y. Lee, & J. M. Myoung. (2009).

Fabrication of UV  Detectors  Based on  ZnO Nanowires Using  Silicon Microchannel. Journal of 

Crystal Growth, 311(12), 3305–3309.

 

Karak, Ercan. (2017). Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis 

Method. Energy, 140(12), 92-97.

 

Kaur, Gurpreet, Anirban Mitra, & K. L. Yadav. (2015). Pulsed Laser Deposited Al- Doped ZnO Thin 

Films for Optical Applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(1), 12–21.

 

Khai, Tran Van, Tran Dai Lam, Le Van Thu, & Hyoun Woo Kim. (2015). A Two- Step Method for the 

Preparation of Highly Conductive Graphene Film and Its Gas-Sensing Property. Materials Sciences and 

Applications, 6(11), 963–977.

 

Khamkhom, P, M Horprathum, S Pokai, P Eiamchai, S Tuscharoen, V Pattantsetakul, S  Limwichean,  N 

Nuntawong, P  Limnonthakul, & J  Kaewkhao.  2017. ScienceDirect Preparation of Vertically Aligned 

ZnO Nanorods on AZO Thin Film by Hydrothermal Method. Materials Today: Proceedings 4(5), 6200–6204.

 

Khan, Mohammad Mansoob, Syed Farooq Adil, & Abdullah Al-Mayouf. (2015). Metal Oxides as 

Photocatalysts. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 19(5), 462– 464.

 

Khan, Rizwan, Periyayya Uthirakumar, Tae Hwan Kim, & In-Hwan Lee. (2019). Enhanced Photocurrent 

Performance of Partially Decorated Au Nanoparticles on ZnO Nanorods Based UV Photodetector. 

Materials Research Bulletin, 3(17), 22.

 

Khayatian, A, V Asgari, A Ramazani, S F Akhtarianfar, & M Almasi. (2017). Diameter-Controlled 

Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods on Fe-Doped ZnO Seed Layer and Enhanced Photodetection Performance. 

Materials Research Bulletin, 94(10), 77-84.

 

Khun, Kimleang, Sami Elhag, Zafar Hussain, Volodymyr Khranovskyy, Omer Nur, & Magnus  Willander.  

(2015).  Supramolecules-Assisted  ZnO  Nanostructures Growth and Their UV Photodetector 

Application. Solid State Sciences, 4(3), 14– 18.

 

Khusaimi, Z, S Amizam, M.H.Mamat, M Z Sahdan, M K Ahmad, M Rusop, S Amizam, et al. (2010). 

Controlled Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods by Aqueous- Solution Method. Synthesis and Reactivity in 

Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 40(3), 190-194.

 

Kim, Daeil, Gunchul Shin, Jangyeol Yoon, Dongseok Jang, Seung-Jung Lee, Goangseup Zi, & Jeong Sook 

Ha. (2013). High Performance Stretchable UV Sensor Arrays of SnO ₂ Nanowires. Nanotechnology, 

24(31), 315502.

 

Kim, H, & A Pique. (2005). Effect of Aluminum Doping on Zinc Oxide Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser 

Deposition for Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Thin solid films, 377(12), 798-802.

 

Kim, Kang-Pil, Daeic Chang, Sang Kyoo Lim, Soo-Keun Lee, Hong-Kun Lyu, & Dae-Kue  Hwang.  (2011).  

Thermal  Annealing  Effects  on  the  Dynamic Photoresponse Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Nanowires 

Network. Current Applied Physics, 11(6), 1311–1314.

 

Kim, Keun Soo, Yue Zhao, Houk Jang, Sang Yoon Lee, Jong Min Kim, Kwang S. Kim, Jong-Hyun Ahn, 

Philip Kim, Jae-Young Choi, & Byung Hee Hong. (2009). Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films 

for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. Nature, 457(7230), 706–710.

 

Kim, Kyung Ho, Tomoyuki Umakoshi, Yoshio Abe, Midori Kawamura, & Takayuki Kiba. (2016). 

Morphological Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Nano/microstructures. Superlattices and Microstructures, 

91(1), 188–192.

 

Kim, Kyung Ho, Kazuomi Utashiro, Yoshio Abe, & Midori Kawamura. (2014). “Structural Properties of 

Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on Al-Doped Zinc Oxide Seed  Layer  and  Their  Applications  in  

Dye-Sensitized  Solar  Cells. Materials, 7(4), 2522-2533.

 

Kim, Yong Jae, Yung Ho Kahng, Nara Kim, Jong-hoon Lee, Yun-hwa Hwang, Min Lee, Sung Mook Choi, Won 

Bae Kim, & Kwanghee Lee. (2015). Impact of Synthesis Routes on the Chemical, Optical, and 

Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxides and Its Derivatives. Current Applied Physics, 15(11), 

1435- 1444.

 

Kim, Young Sung, Weon Pil Tai, & Su Jeong Shu. (2005). Effect of Preheating Temperature on 

Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process. Thin Solid Films, 491(1–2), 

153–160.

 

Kind, H, H Yan, B Messer, M Law, and P Yang. 2 2. “Nanowire Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Optical 

Switches.” Adv. Mater. 14 (2): 158–60.

 

Kingma,  K.  J.,  &  R.  J.  Hemley.  (1994).  Raman  Spectroscopic  Study  of Microcrystalline 

Silica. American Mineralogist, 79(3–4), 269–273.

 

Kochuveedu, Saji Thomas, Yoon Hee Jang, & Dong Ha Kim. (2013). A Study on the Mechanism for the 

Interaction of Light with Noble Metal-Metal Oxide Semiconductor  Nanostructures  for  Various  

Photophysical  Applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 42(21), 8467.

 

Kong, Jieying, Lin Li, Zheng Yang, Jianlin Liu, Jieying Kong, Lin Li, Zheng Yang, & Jianlin Liu. 

(2014). Ultraviolet Light Emissions in MgZnO/ZnO Double Heterojunction Diodes by Molecular Beam 

Epitaxy. American Vacuum Society, 10(2010), 1–4.

 

Kose, H, S Karaal, A O Aydin, & H Akbulut. (2015). A Facile Synthesis of Zinc Oxide/multiwalled 

Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Lithium Ion Battery Anodes by Sol-Gel Method. Journal of Power 

Sources, 295(11), 235–245.

 

Kumar, Ravi, Vinay Sharma, & Bijoy Kumar Kuanr. (2018). Effect of Annealing on Electrical 

Properties of Zinc Oxide/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite. Advanced Science Letters, 24(2), 881–884.

 

Kuo, Shou Yi, Wei Chun Chen, Fang I. Lai, Chin Pao Cheng, Hao Chung Kuo, Shing Chung Wang, & Wen 

Feng Hsieh. (2006). Effects of Doping Concentration and Annealing Temperature on Properties of 

Highly-Oriented Al-Doped ZnO Films. Journal of Crystal Growth, 287(1), 78–84.

 

L.B.Valdes.  (1952).  Resistivity  Measurements  on  Germanium  Transistors.

Proceedings of the IRE, 29(2), 1429–1434.

 

Lajvardi, M, M E Ghazi, M Izadifard, H Eshghi, & I Hadi. (2018). Effect of Seed Layer Thickness on 

Optoelectronic Properties of Zno-Nrs/P-Si Photodiodes. Optik, 160(5), 234-242.

 

Lee, Byoung Hoon, Jong-hoon Lee, Yung Ho Kahng, Nara Kim, Yong Jae Kim, Jongjin Lee, Takhee Lee, & 

Kwanghee Lee. (2014). Graphene-Conducting Polymer Hybrid Transparent Electrodes for Efficient 

Organic Optoelectronic Devices. Advanced Functional Materials, 24(13), 1847-1856.

 

Lee, Changgu. (2008). Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer 

Graphene. science, 321(5887), 385-388.

 

Lee, Hee Kwan, Myung Sub Kim, & Jae Su Yu. (2011). Effect of AZO Seed Layer on Electrochemical 

Growth and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on ITO Glass. Nanotechnology, 22(44), 445602.

 

Lee, Jae Woong, Kyeong Ju Moon, Moon Ho Ham, & Jae Min Myoung. (2008). Dielectrophoretic Assembly 

of GaN Nanowires for UV Sensor Applications. Solid State Communications, 148(5–6), 194–198.

 

Lee, Joon Hwan, Chia-Yun Chou, Zhenxing Bi, Chen-Fong Tsai, and Haiyan Wang. (2009). 

Growth-Controlled Surface Roughness in Al-Doped ZnO as Transparent Conducting Oxide. 

Nanotechnology, 20(39), 395704.

 

Lee, Woong, Min-chang Jeong, & Jae-min Myoung. (2004). Catalyst-Free Growth of ZnO Nanowires by 

Metal-Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) and Thermal Evaporation. Acta Materialia, 52(13), 

3949-3957.

 

Li, Benxia, Tongxuan Liu, Yanfen Wang, & Zhoufeng Wang. (2012). ZnO/graphene- Oxide  Nanocomposite  

with  Remarkably  Enhanced  Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance. Journal of Colloid and 

Interface Science, 377(1), 114–121.

 

Li, Chunping, Yuzhen Lv, Lin Guo, Huibin Xu, Xicheng Ai, & Jianping Zhang. (2007). Raman and 

Excitonic Photoluminescence Characterizations of ZnO Star- Shaped Nanocrystals. Journal of 

Luminescence, 123(4), 415–417.

 

Li, Hai Guo, Gang Wu, Hong Zheng Chen, & Mang Wang. (2011). Polymer/ZnO Hybrid Materials for 

near-UV Sensors with Wavelength Selective Response. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 160(1), 

1136–1140.

 

Li, Jianjiang, Jingjiao Zhang, Liang Fang, Junling Wang, Mingrong Shen, and Xiaodong Su. (2015). 

Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of TiO₂ Thin Films on the Textured 

Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and 

Sustainability, 3(4), 4903– 4908.

 

Li, Ping, Hui Liu, Yan Feng Zhang, Yu Wei, & Xin Kui Wang. (2007). Synthesis of Flower-like ZnO 

Microstructures via a Simple Solution Route. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 106(1), 63–69.

 

Li, Qiuguo, HAO Chen, & Sheng Chu. (2017). Mg-Alloyed ZnO Nanocombs for Self-Gating Photodetectors. 

Optics Express, 25(5), 5091.

 

Li, Yinhua, Jian Gong, Gaohong He, & Yulin Deng. (2012). Enhancement of Photoresponse  and  

UV-Assisted  Gas  Sensing  with  Au  Decorated  ZnO Nanofibers. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 

134(2–3), 1172–1178.

 

Li, Zhuoqun, Feng Gong, Gang Zhou, & Zhong-sheng Wang. (2013). NiS₂/Reduced Graphene Oxide 

Nanocomposites for E Ffi Cient Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 

117(13), 6561-6566.

 

Liang, Yimai, Na Guo, Linlin Li, Ruiqing Li, Guijuan Ji, & Shucai Gan. (2016). Facile Synthesis of 

Ag/ZnO Micro-Flowers and Their Improved Ultraviolet and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity. New 

J. Chem, 40(2), 1587–1594.

 

Lim, Z. H., Z. X. Chia, M. Kevin, A. S W Wong, & G. W. Ho. (2010). A Facile Approach towards ZnO 

Nanorods Conductive Textile for Room Temperature Multifunctional Sensors. Sensors and Actuators, 

B:Chemical, 151(1), 121–126.

 

Lin, Hailing, Lin Wei, Cuncun Wu, Yanxue Chen, Shishen Yan, Liangmo Mei, & Jun Jiao. (2016). 

High-Performance Self-Powered Photodetectors Based on ZnO/ZnS Core-Shell Nanorod Arrays. Nanoscale 

Research Letters, 11(1), 420.

 

Linsebigler, Amy L, Guangquan Lu, & John T Yates. (1995). Photocatalysis on TiO₂ Surfaces  

Principles,  Mechanisms,  and  Selected  Results.  Chemical Reviews, 95(3), 735-758.

 

Liu, Deshuai, Hui Jun Li, Jinrao Gao, Shuang Zhao, Yuankun Zhu, Ping Wang, Ding Wang, Aiying Chen, 

Xianying Wang, & Junhe Yang. (2018). High-Performance Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Graphene 

Quantum Dots Decorated ZnO Nanorods/GaN Film Isotype Heterojunctions. Nanoscale Research Letters, 

13 (1), 261.

 

Liu, Hongtao, Lei Zhang, Yunlong Guo, Cheng Cheng, Lianjiang Yang, Lang Jiang, Gui Yu, Wenping Hu, 

Yunqi Liu, & Daoben Zhu. (2013). Reduction of Graphene Oxide to Highly Conductive Graphene by 

Lawesson’s Reagent and Its Electrical Applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 1(18), 

3104–3109.

 

Liu, Jinbin, Songhe Fu, Bin Yuan, Yulin Li, & Zhaoxiang Deng. (2010). Toward a Universal Adhesive 

Nanosheet for the Assembly of Multiple Nanoparticles Based on a Protein-Induced 

Reduction/Decoration of Graphene. Chemical Society, 132(21), 7279-7281.

 

Liu, Jinbin, Mengxiao Yu, Chen Zhou, Shengyang Yang, Xuhui Ning, & Jie Zheng. (2013).  Passive  

Tumor  Targeting  of  Renal-Clearable  Luminescent  Gold

 

Nanoparticles: Long Tumor Retention and Fast Normal Tissue Clearance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(13), 4978–4981.

 

Liu, Xinjuan, Likun Pan, Qingfei Zhao, Tian Lv, Guang Zhu, Taiqiang Chen, & Ting Lu. (2012). 

UV-Assisted Photocatalytic Synthesis of ZnO–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites with Enhanced 

Photocatalytic Activity in Reduction of Cr ( VI ). Chemical Engineering Journal, 183(2), 238–243.

 

Liu, Yanjun, Li Sun, Jiagen Wu, Ting Fang, Ran Cai, & Ang Wei. (2015). Preparation and 

Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/Fe₂O₃ Nanotube Composites. Materials Science and Engineering:B, 

194(4), 9–13.

 

Look, D. C. (2001). Recent Advances in ZnO Materials and Devices. Materials Science and Engineering 

B:Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 80 (1–3), 383–387.

 

Lotus, A. F., Y. C. Kang, J. I. Walker, R. D. Ramsier, & G. G. Chase. (2010). Effect of Aluminum 

Oxide Doping on the Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide (AOZO) Nanofibers 

Synthesized by Electrospinning. Materials Science and Engineering B:Solid-State Materials for 

Advanced Technology, 166 (1), 61–66.

 

Low, C T J. (2012). Electrochemical Approaches to the Production of Graphene Flakes and Their 

Potential Applications. Carbon, 54(4), 1–21.

 

Low, Foo Wah, Chin Wei Lai, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. (2015). Easy Preparation of Ultrathin 

Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets at a High Stirring Speed. Ceramics International, 41(4), 5798–5806.

 

Lu, Qiaoqi, Xinhua Pan, Weihao Wang, Yusong Zhou, & Zhizhen Ye. (2018). Ultraviolet Photodetector 

Based on Nanostructured ZnO-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite. Applied Physics A, 124(11), 733.

 

Luka, G, L Nittler, E Lusakowska, and P Smertenko. (2017). Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide 

Tetracene Heterostructures with Different N-Type ZnO Fi Lms. Organic Electronics, 45(6), 240–246.

 

Luo, J., S. Y. Ma, A. M. Sun, L. Cheng, G. J. Yang, T. Wang, W. Q. Li, X. B. Li, Y.

Z. Mao, & D. J. Gz. (2014). Ethanol Sensing Enhancement by Optimizing ZnO Nanostructure: From 1D 

Nanorods to 3D Nanoflower. Materials Letters, 137(12), 17–20.

 

Luo, Lei, Yanfeng Zhang, Samuel S. Mao, & Liwei Lin. (2006). Fabrication and Characterization of 

ZnO Nanowires Based UV Photodiodes. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 127(2), 201–6.

 

Lupan, O., T. Pauporté, L. Chow, B. Viana, F. Pellé, L. K. Ono, B. Roldan Cuenya, &

H. Heinrich. (2010). Effects of Annealing on Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by 

Electrochemical Deposition in Chloride Medium. Applied Surface Science, 256(6), 1895–1907.

 

Lv, Tian, Likun Pan, Xinjuan Liu, Ting Lu, Guang Zhu, & Zhuo Sun. (2011). Enhanced Photocatalytic 

Degradation of Methylene Blue by ZnO-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized via 

Microwave-Assisted Reaction. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(41), 10086–10091.

 

M.F. Malek. (2017). Fabrication and Characterisation of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Thin Films 

Incorporated with Nanorod Arrays-Based Solar Cells. UiTM.

 

M.F. Malek, M.H.Mamat, Mohd Zainizan Sahdan, Musa Mohamed Zahidi, Zuraida Khusaimi, & Mohamad Rusop 

Mahmood. (2013). Influence of Various Sol Concentrations on Stress/strain and Properties of ZnO 

Thin Films Synthesised by Sol-Gel Technique. Thin Solid Films, 527(1), 102–109.

 

M.F. Malek, Mohd Zainizan Sahdan, M.H.Mamat, M Z Musa, Z Khusaimi, S S Husairi, N D Sin, & M Rusop. 

(2013). Applied Surface Science A Novel Fabrication  of  MEH-PPV/Al:ZnO  Nanorod  Arrays  Based  

Ordered  Bulk Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells. Applied Surface Science, 275(6), 75–83.

 

M.F.Malek, M.H.Mamat, M. Z. Musa, Z. Khusaimi, M. Z. Sahdan, A. B. Suriani, A. Ishak, I. Saurdi, S. 

A. Rahman, & M. Rusop. (2014). Thermal Annealing- Induced  Formation  of  ZnO  Nanoparticles:  

Minimum  Strain  and  Stress Ameliorate Preferred c-Axis Orientation and Crystal-Growth Properties. 

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 610(5), 575–588.

 

M.F.Malek, M H Mamat, Z Khusaimi, M Z Sahdan, M Z Musa, A R Zainun, A B Suriani, N D Sin, S B Abd 

Hamid, & M Rusop. (2014). Sonicated Sol–Gel Preparation of Nanoparticulate ZnO Thin Films with 

Various Deposition Speeds:The Highly Preferred c-Axis (002) Orientation Enhances the Final 

Properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 582,(8), 12–21.

 

M.H.Mamat. (2013). Fabrication and Characterization Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanorod Array-Based 

Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensors. UiTM.

 

M.H.Mamat, Sin, N D, I Saurdi, N N Hafizah, M F Malek, M N Asiah, Z Khusaimi, Z Habibah, N 

Nafarizal, & M Rusop. (2014). Performance of Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor Based on 

Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod- Nanoflake Network Thin Film Using Aluminium Contacts. Advanced 

Materials Research, 832 (11), 298–302.

 

M.H.Mamat, M.H.Hafizah, & M Rusop. (2013). Fabrication of Thin , Dense and Small-Diameter Zinc 

Oxide Nanorod Array-Based Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensors with High Sensitivity by 

Catalyst-Free Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering. Materials Letters, 93(2013), 215–18.

 

M.H.Mamat, Mohd Izzudin, Che Khalin, Nik Noor, Hafizah Nik, Zuraida Khusaimi, Nor Diyana Sin, 

Shafinaz Sobihana Shariffudin, Musa Mohamed Zahidi, and Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. (2012). Effects of 

Annealing Environments on the Solution-Grown , Aligned Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide 

Nanorod-Array-Based Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012(8), 15.

 

M.H.Mamat, Mohamad Hafiz, Zuraida Khusaimi, Musa Mohamed Zahidi, & Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. (2012). 

ZnO Nanorod Arrays Synthesised Using Ultrasonic-Assisted  Sol-Gel  and  Immersion  Methods  for  

Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor Applications, IntechOpen, 9(6), 93-118

 

M.H.Mamat, Z. Khusaimi, M. Z. Musa, M. F. Malek, & M. Rusop. (2011). Fabrication of Ultraviolet 

Photoconductive Sensor Using a Novel Aluminium- Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Nanoflake Network Thin 

Film Prepared via Ultrasonic-Assisted Sol-Gel and Immersion Methods. Sensors and Actuators, A: 

Physical, 171(2), 241–247.

 

M.H.Mamat, Zuraida Khusaimi, Musa Mohamed Zahidi, Suriani Abu Bakar, Yosri Mohd Siran, Syahril  

Anuar Md Rejab, Ahmad Jaril Asis, Shawaluddin Tahiruddin,  Saifollah  Abdullah,  &  Mohamad  Rusop  

Mahmood.  (2011). Controllable Growth of Vertically Aligned Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod 

Arrays by Sonicated Sol-Gel Immersion Method Depending on Precursor Solution Volumes. Japanese 

Journal of Applied Physics, 50(6), 10–15.

 

M.H.Mamat, Zuraida Khusaimi, Musa Mohamed Zahidi, & Mohamad Rusop Mahmood. (2011). Performance of 

an Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor Using Well-Aligned Aluminium-Doped Zinc-Oxide Nanorod Arrays 

Annealed in an Air and Oxygen Environment. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 50(6S), 06GF05.

 

M.H.Mamat, M. Z. Sahdan, Z. Khusaimi, A. Zain Ahmed, S. Abdullah, & M. Rusop. (2010). Influence of 

Doping Concentrations on the Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Properties for Ultraviolet 

Photoconductive Sensor Applications. Optical Materials, 32(6), 696–699.

 

Mahdavi, Reza, & S Siamak Ashraf Talesh. (2017). Sol-Gel Synthesis Structural and Enhanced  

Photocatalytic  Performance  of  Al  Doped  ZnO  Nanoparticles. Advanced Powder Technology, 28(5), 

1418-1425.

 

Mahendraprabhu, Kamaraj, Arumugam Selva Sharma, & Perumal Elumalai. (2019). CO Sensing Performances 

of YSZ-Based Sensor Attached with Sol-Gel Derived ZnO Nanospheres. Sensors and Actuators, 

B:Chemical, 283(2), 842–47.

 

Manthina, Venkata, Juan Pablo, Correa Baena, Guangliang Liu, & Alexander G Agrios. (2 2). ZnO−TiO₂ 

Nanocomposite Films for High Light Harvesting E Ffi Ciency and Fast Electron Transport in 

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 45(116), 23864–23870.

 

Marie,  Mohammed,  Sanghamitra  Mandal,  &  Omar  Manasreh.  (2015).  An Electrochemical Glucose 

Sensor Based on Zinc Oxide Nanorods. Sensors, 15(8), 18714-18723.

Marin, Oscar, Mónica Tirado, Nicolás Budini, Edgar Mosquera, & Carlos Figueroa. (2016). Materials 

Science in Semiconductor Processing Photoluminescence from c -Axis Oriented ZnO Fi Lms Synthesized 

by Sol-Gel with Diethanolamine as Chelating Agent. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 

56(8): 59–65.

 

Mauro, Alessandro Di, Massimo Zimbone, Mario Scuderi, Giuseppe Nicotra, & Maria Elena Fragalà. 

(2015). Effect of Pt Nanoparticles on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanofibers. Nanoscale 

Research Letters, 10(1), 484-491.

 

Mohamed, Azmi, Kieran Trickett, Swee Yee Chin, Stephen Cummings, Masanobu Sagisaka, Laura Hudson, 

Sandrine Nave,. (2010). Universal Surfactant for Water, Oils and CO₂. Langmuir, 26(17), 

13861-13866.

 

Mohanty,  Nihar,  &  Vikas  Berry.  (2008).  Resolution  Biodevice  and  DNA Transistor:Interfacing 

Graphene Derivatives with Nanoscale and Microscale Biocomponents. Nano Lett, 8(12), 4469-4476.

 

Monroy, E, F Omn s, & F Calle. (2003). Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Ultraviolet Photodetectors. 

Semiconductor Science and Technology, 18(4), R33–R51.

 

Montenegro, D N, V Hortelano, & O Mart. (2013). Non-Radiative Recombination Centres in 

Catalyst-Free ZnO Nanorods Grown by Atmospheric-Metal Organic Chemical. Journal of Physics 

D:Applied Physics, 46(23), 235302.

 

Moura, A P De, R C Lima, M L Moreira, D P Volanti, J W M Espinosa, M O Orlandi, P S Pizani, J A 

Varela, & E Longo. (2010). ZnO Architectures Synthesized by a Microwave-Assisted  Hydrothermal  

Method  and  Their  Photoluminescence Properties. Solid State Ionics, 181(15–16), 775–780.

 

Musat, V., M. Mazilu, N. Tigau, P. Alexandru, A. Dinescu, & M. Purica. (2016). Effect  of  Doping  

Concentration  and  Temperature  on  the  Morphology, Crystallinity and Electrical Conductivity of 

Al:ZnO Nanostructured Films Grown from Aqueous Solution. Thin Solid Films, 617(7), 120–125.

 

Mustafa, M. K., Y. Iqbal, U. Majeed, and M. Z. Sahdan. (2 7). Effect of Precursor’s Concentration 

on Structure and Morphology of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized through Hydrothermal Method on Gold 

Surface. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1788(3), 30120.

 

Nafees,  Muhammad,  &  Salamat  Ali.  (2012).  Synthesis  of  ZnO/Al:ZnO Nanomaterial:Structural 

and Band Gapvariation in ZnO Nanomaterial by Al Doping. Applied Nanoscience, 3(1), 49-55.

 

Narasimhan, K. L., Pai, S. P., Palkar, V. R., & Pinto, R. (1997). High quality zinc oxide films by 

pulsed laser ablation. Thin Solid Films, 295(2), 104–106.

 

Nanakkal,  A.  R.,  &  L.  K.  Alexander.  (2017).  Photocatalytic  Activity  of Graphene/ZnO 

Nanocomposite Fabricated by Two-Step Electrochemical Route. Journal of Chemical Sciences, 129(1), 

95–102.

 

Chang, H., Sun, Z., Ho, K. Y. F., Tao, X., Yan, F., Kwok, W. M., & Zheng, Z. (2011). A highly 

sensitive ultraviolet sensor based on a facile in situ solution- grown ZnO nanorod/graphene 

heterostructure. Nanoscale, 3(1), 258-264.

 

Nenavathu, Bhavani P., Syam Kandula, & Swati Verma. (2018). Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic 

Degradation of Safranin-T Dye Using Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO 

Nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 8(35), 19659– 19667.

 

Ng, Sing Muk, Derrick Sing Nguong Wong, Jane Hui Chiun Phung, & Hong Siang Chua. (2013). Integrated 

Miniature Fluorescent Probe to Leverage the Sensing Potential of ZnO Quantum Dots for the Detection 

of Copper (II) Ions. Talanta, 116(7), 514–519.

 

Ni, Zhenhua, Yingying Wang, Ting Yu,  & Zexiang Shen.  (2008). Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of 

Graphene.” Nano Research, 1(4), 273–291.

 

Nipane, S. V., P. V. Korake, & G. S. Gokavi. (2015). Graphene-Zinc Oxide Nanorod Nanocomposite as 

Photocatalyst for Enhanced Degradation of Dyes under UV Light Irradiation. Ceramics International, 

41(13), 4549-4557.

 

Nishihara, Tokihiro, Jifang Xu, & I Introduction. (1993). Control of Preferred Orientation for ZnO 

X Films : Control of Self-Texture. Journal of Crystal Growth, 130(1-2), 269-279.

 

Nishiyabu, Ryuhei, Shiho Ushikubo, Yuka Kamiya, & Yuji Kubo. (2014). A Boronate Hydrogel Film 

Containing Organized Two-Component Dyes as a Multicolor Fluorescent Sensor for Heavy Metal Ions in 

Water. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(38), 15846–15852.

 

Noothongkaew,  Suttinart,  Orathai  Thumthan,  &  Ki  Seok  An.  (2018).  UV- Photodetectors Based 

on CuO/ZnO Nanocomposites. Materials Letters, 233(9), 318–323.

 

Novoselov, K.S., A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D Jiang, Y Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, & A. A 

Firsov. (2004). Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science, 306(10), 666–669.

 

Nurhafizah, M.D.  (2017). Synthesis of Graphene Oxide via Electrochemical Exfoliation Method Using 

Triple-Tails Surfactant as Electrode Materials Application. UPSI.

 

Sim Lan Ching, Leong Kah Hon, Ibrahim Shaliza & Saravanan Pichiah. (2014). Graphene oxide and Ag 

engulfed TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhanced electron mobility and visible light-driven 

photocatalytic performance†.  Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2(1), 5315–5322.

 

Opoku, Francis, Krishna Kuben Govender, Cornelia Gertina Catharina Elizabeth Van Sittert, & Penny 

Poomani Govender. (2017). Understanding the Mechanism of Enhanced Charge Separation and Visible 

Light Photocatalytic Activity of Modified Wurtzite ZnO with Nanoclusters of ZnS and Graphene Oxide: 

From a Hybrid Density Functional Study. New Journal of Chemistry, 41(16), 8140– 8155.

 

Otiti, Tom. (2014). Review of Zinc Oxide Thin Films. College of Computing and Information Science 

Makerere.1-78

 

Özgür, Ü., V. Avrutin, & H. Morkoç. (2013). Zinc Oxide Materials and Devices Grown by MBE. 

Molecular Beam Epitaxy, 369-416

 

Pal, Dipayan, Aakash Mathur, Ajaib Singh, Jaya Singhal, Amartya Sengupta, Surjendu Dutta, Stefan 

Zollner, & Sudeshna Chattopadhyay. (2017). Tunable Optical Properties in Atomic Layer Deposition 

Grown ZnO Thin Films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A:Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 35(1), 

01B108.

 

Papageorgiou, Dimitrios G, Ian A Kinloch, & Robert J Young. (2017). Progress in Materials Science 

Mechanical Properties of Graphene and Graphene-Based Nanocomposites. Progress in Materials Science, 

90(10), 75–127.

 

Pawar, R. C., J. S. Shaikh, S. S. Suryavanshi, & P. S. Patil. (2012). Growth of ZnO Nanodisk, 

Nanospindles and Nanoflowers for Gas Sensor:PH Dependency. Current Applied Physics, 12(3), 778–783.

 

Pei, Songfeng, & Hui-ming Cheng. (2011). The Reduction of Graphene Oxide.

Carbon, 50(9), 3210–3228.

 

Pham, Viet Hung, Tran Viet Cuong, Seung Hyun Hur, Eun Woo Shin, Jae Seong Kim, Jin Suk Chung, & Eui 

Jung Kim. (2010). Fast and Simple Fabrication of a Large Transparent Chemically-Converted Graphene 

Film by Spray-Coating. Carbon, 48(7), 1945–1951.

 

Polsongkram, D., P. Chamninok, S. Pukird, L. Chow, O. Lupan, G. Chai, H. Khallaf,

S. Park, & A. Schulte. (2008). Effect of Synthesis Conditions on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods via 

Hydrothermal Method. Physica B:Condensed Matter, 403 (19–20), 3713–3717.

 

Qiu, Feng, Guangjian He, Mingyang Hao, & Guizhen Zhang. (2018). Enhancing the Mechanical and 

Electrical Properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride)-Based Conductive Nanocomposites by Zinc Oxide 

Nanorods. Materials, 11(11), 1–15.

 

Rajamanickam, D., & M. Shanthi. (2016). Photocatalytic Degradation of an Organic Pollutant by Zinc 

Oxide–Solar Process. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9(5), S1858-S1868.

 

Rajeshwar, K., M. E. Osugi, W. Chanmanee, C. R. Chenthamarakshan, M. V.B. Zanoni, P. 

Kajitvichyanukul, & R. Krishnan-Ayer. (2008). Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Treatment of Organic 

Dyes in Air and Aqueous Media. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry 

Reviews, 9(4), 171–192.

 

Ranjith,  Kuglaur  Shanmugam,  Palanisamy  Manivel,  Ramasamy  Thangavel Rajendrakumar, & Tamer 

Uyar. (2017). Multifunctional ZnO Nanorod-Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrids Nanocomposites for 

Effective Water Remediation:

 

Effective Sunlight Driven Degradation of Organic Dyes and Rapid Heavy Metal Adsorption. Chemical 

Engineering Journal, 325(5), 588–600.

 

Rashid, Affa Rozana Abdul, P. Susthitha Menon, N. Arsad, & Sahbudin Shaari. (2011). Ultraviolet 

Sensing by Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films. Advanced Materials Research, 364 (10), 154–158.

 

Rashid,  Tonny  Roksana,  Duy  Thach  Phan,  &  Gwiy  Sang  Chung.  (2012). Characteristics of UV 

Sensors Using ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by Galvanostatic  Electrochemical  Deposition.  

Proceedings  of  IEEE  Sensors, 2012(10), 1–4.

 

Ren, Peng-gang, Ding-xiang Yan, Xu Ji, & Tao Chen. (2011). Temperature Dependence  of  Graphene  

Oxide  Reduced  by  Hydrazine  Hydrate. Nanotechnology, 22(5), 055705.

 

Ridha, Noor J, Mohammad Hafizuddin, Haji Jumali, Akrajas Ali Umar, & F Alosfur. (2013). 

Defects-Controlled ZnO Nanorods with High Aspect Ratio for Ethanol Detection. Int. J. Electrochem. 

Sci, 8(4), 4583–4594.

 

Rodwihok, Chatchai, Supab Choopun, Pipat Ruankham, Atcharawon Gardchareon, Surachet 

Phadungdhitidhada, & Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan. (2017). UV Sensing Properties of ZnO 

Nanowires/Nanorods. Applied Surface Science, 477(5),159-165.

 

Rogachev, Alexandr V, Alina V Semchenko, Dmitry L Kovalenko, Vitaliy V Sidsky, Olga I Tyulenkova, 

Nina I Tyulenkova, Dumitru Luca, Vitaliy A Solodukha, Alyaxandr N Pyatlitski, & Natalya S 

Kovalchuk. (2018). Sol-Gel Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods for MEMS. Recent Advances in Technology 

Research and Education, 660(5), 1–7.

 

Rusli, Nurul Izni, Masahiro Tanikawa, Mohamad Rusop Mahmood, & Kanji Yasui. (2012). Growth of 

High-Density Zinc Oxide Nanorods on Porous Silicon by Thermal Evaporation. Materials, 5(12), 

2817-2832.

 

Rusop, M., M.H. Mamat, Mohd Firdaus Malek, I. Saurdi, Mohd Nor Asiah, Nor Diyana Md Sin, Nayan 

Nafarizal, Zuraida Khusaimi, N.N. Hafizah, & Zulkefle Habibah. (2013). Investigation of Stress and 

Electrical Properties of Air- Annealed  and  Oxygen-Annealed  Aluminium-Doped  Zinc  Oxide  Nanorod 

Arrays. Advanced Materials Research, 832 (2014), 303–309.

 

Sabeeh, Sabah Habeeb, & Ruaa Hashim Jassam. (2018). The Effect of Annealing Temperature and Al 

Dopant on Characterization of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method. Results in Physics, 10(5), 

212–16.

 

 

Sáenz-Trevizo,  Angélica,  Patricia  Amézaga-Madrid,  Pedro  Pizá-Ruiz,  Wilber Antúnez-Flores, & 

Mario Miki-Yoshida. (2016). Optical Band Gap Estimation of ZnO Nanorods. Materials Research, 19(7), 

33–38.

 

Safa, M Zare S, & R Azimirad S Mokhtari. (2017). Graphene Oxide Incorporated ZnO Nanostructures as 

a Powerful Ultraviolet Composite Detector. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 

28(9), 6919–6927.

 

Safa, S., S. Mokhtari, A. Khayatian, & R. Azimirad. (2018). Improving Ultraviolet Photodetection of 

ZnO Nanorods by Cr Doped ZnO Encapsulation Process. Optics Communications, 413(12), 131–135.

 

Safa, S., R. Sarraf-Mamoory, & R. Azimirad. (2014). Investigation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Effects 

on Ultra-Violet Detection of ZnO Thin Film. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 

57(11), 155–160.

 

Saha, Tridib, Ajay Achath Mohanan, Varghese Swamy, Ningqun Guo, & N. Ramakrishnan. (2016). An 

Optimal Thermal Evaporation Synthesis of c-Axis Oriented  ZnO  Nanowires  with  Excellent  UV  

Sensing  and  Emission Characteristics. Materials Research Bulletin, 77(1), 147–154.

 

Saha, Tridib, Ningqun Guo, & N. Ramakrishnan. (2016). A Novel Langasite Crystal Microbalance 

Instrumentation for UV Sensing Application.  Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 252(12), 16–25.

 

Sahoo, Nanda Gopal, Yongzheng Pan, Lin Li, and Siew Hwa Chan. (2012). Graphene-Based Materials for 

Energy Conversion. Advanced Materials, 24(30), 4203-4210.

 

Sahoo,  Satyaprakash,  G.  L.  Sharma,  and  Ram  S.  Katiyar.  (2012).  Raman Spectroscopy to 

Probe Residual Stress in ZnO Nanowire. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 43(1), 72–75.

 

Saleh, Tawfik A, M A Gondal, and Q A Drmosh. (2010). Preparation of a MWCNT/ ZnO Nanocomposite and 

Its Photocatalytic Activity for the Removal of Cyanide from Water using a Laser. Nanotechnology, 

21(49), 495705.

 

Scholes, D. Tyler, Patrick Y. Yee, Jeffrey R. Lindemuth, Hyeyeon Kang, Jonathan Onorato, Raja 

Ghosh, Christine K. Luscombe, Frank C. Spano, Sarah H. Tolbert, & Benjamin J. Schwartz. (2017). The 

Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport  and  the  Structure  of  Sequentially  Processed  

F4TCNQ-Doped Conjugated Polymer Films. Advanced Functional Materials, 27(44), 1–13.

 

Senthil, R Jeyachitra V Senthilnathan T S. (2018). Studies on Electrical Behavior of Fe Doped ZnO 

Nanoparticles Prepared via Co-Precipitation Approach for Photo- Catalytic Application. Journal of 

Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29 (2), 1189–97.

 

Shabannia, R. (2015). Vertically Aligned  ZnO Nanorods on Porous Silicon Substrates : Effect of 

Growth Time. Progress in Natural Science:Materials International, 25(2), 95-100.

 

Shahil, Khan M F, & Alexander A Balandin. (2012). Thermal Properties of Graphene and Multilayer 

Graphene : Applications in Thermal Interface Materials. Solid State Communications, 152(15), 

1331–1340.

 

Shi, Ruixia, Ping Yang, Xiaobin Dong, Qian Ma, & Aiyu Zhang. (2013). Growth of Flower-like ZnO on 

ZnO Nanorod Arrays Created on Zinc Substrate through Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis. 

Applied Surface Science, 264(10), 162–170.

 

Si, Yongchao, Edward T Samulski, Chapel Hill, & North Carolina. (2008). Synthesis of Water Soluble 

Graphene. Nano Letters, 8(6), 1679-1682.

 

Singh, Kamaljit, & Sucharita Arora. (2011). Removal of Synthetic Textile Dyes from Wastewaters:A 

Critical Review on Present Treatment Technologies. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and 

Technology, 41(9), 807–78.

 

Singh, Shaivalini. 2016. Al Doped ZnO Based Metal-Semiconductor-Metal and 

Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor-Insulator-Metal  UV  Sensors.  Optik,  127(7), 3523–3526.

Son, Dong Ick, Hee Yeon Yang, Tae Whan Kim, Won Il Park, Dong Ick Son, Hee Yeon Yang, Tae Whan Kim, 

& Won Il Park. (2013). Photoresponse Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Colloidal 

 

ZnO Quantum Dot-Graphene Nanocomposites. Applied Physics Letters, 102(2), 021105-0211053.

Song, Jaejin, & Sangwoo Lim. (2007). Effect of Seed Layer on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods. Physical 

Chemistry C, 111(2): 596–600.

 

Stankovich, Sasha, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Richard D. Piner, Kevin A. Kohlhaas, Alfred Kleinhammes, 

Yuanyuan Jia, Yue Wu, Son Binh T Nguyen, & Rodney S. Ruoff. 2007. Synthesis of Graphene-Based 

Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide. Carbon, 45(7), 1558–1565.

 

Steurer, Peter, Rainer Wissert, Ralf Thomann, & Rolf Mu. (2009). Functionalized Graphenes and 

Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Based upon Expanded Graphite Oxide. Macromol. Rapid Communications, 

30(4‐5), 316–327.

 

Sudhagar, P., Anitha Devadoss, Taeseup Song, P. Lakshmipathiraj, Hyungkyu Han, Volodymyr V. Lysak, 

C. Terashima, et al. (2014). Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance at a Au/N-TiO₂ hollow Nanowire 

Array by a Combination of Light Scattering and Reduced Recombination. Physical Chemistry Chemical 

Physics 16(33), 17748–17755.

 

Sun, Ye, Gareth M Fuge, & Michael N R Ashfold. (2004). Growth of Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays by 

Catalyst-Free Pulsed Laser Deposition Methods. Chemical Physics Letters, 396(1-3), 21-26.

 

Suriani, A. B., Nurhafizah, M. D., Mohamed, A., Masrom, A. K., Sahajwalla, V., & Joshi. (2016). 

Highly Conductive Electrodes of Graphene Oxide / Natural Rubber  Latex-Based  Electrodes  by  Using 

 a  Hyper-Branched  Surfactant. Advanced Materials Research, 99(2016), 174–181.

 

suriani, A.B. Muqoyyanah, A. Mohamed, M.H.Mamat, N. Hashim, I.M. Isa, M.F. Malek, M.I. Kairi, A.R., 

and M.K. Ahmad Mohamed. (2017). Improving the Photovoltaic Performance of DSSCs Using a Combination 

of Mixed-Phase TiO₂ Nanostructure Photoanode and Agglomerated Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Counter 

Electrode Assisted with Hyperbranched Surfactant. Optik, 158(2010), 522–34.

 

Suriani, A. B., Fatiatun, A. Mohamed, Muqoyyanah, N. Hashim, M. S. Rosmi, M. H. M.H.Mamat, M. F. 

Malek, M. J. Salifairus, and H. P.S. Abdul Khalil. (2018). Reduced Graphene Oxide/platinum Hybrid 

Counter Electrode Assisted by Custom-Made Triple-Tail Surfactant and Zinc Oxide/titanium Dioxide 

Bilayer Nanocomposite  Photoanode  for  Enhancement  of  DSSCs  Photovoltaic Performance. Optik, 

161(2), 70–83.

 

Suriani, A. B., R. N. Safitri, A. Mohamed, S. Alfarisa, I. M. Isa, A. Kamari, N. Hashim, M. K. 

Ahmad, M. F. Malek, and M. Rusop. (2015). Enhanced Field Electron Emission of Flower-like Zinc 

Oxide on Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on Carbon Nanotubes. Materials Letters, 149(3), 66–69.

 

Suriani, A.B., Muqoyyanah, A. Mohamed, M.H.Mamat, N. Hashim, I. M. Isa, M. F. Malek, M. I. Kairi, 

A. R. Mohamed, & M. K. Ahmad. (2018). Improving the Photovoltaic Performance of DSSCs Using a 

Combination of Mixed-Phase TiO₂ nanostructure Photoanode and Agglomerated Free Reduced Graphene 

Oxide Counter Electrode Assisted with Hyperbranched Surfactant. Optik, 158(2010), 522–534.

 

Suriani, A.B., Nurhafizah M.D., A. Mohamed, M.H. M.H.Mamat, M.F. Malek, M.K. Ahmad, A. Pandikumar, 

& N.M. Huang. (2017). Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Assisted by 

Triple-Tail Surfactant as an Efficient and Low-Cost Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar 

Cells. Optik, 139(2017), 291–298.

 

Suriani, A B, M.D Nurha, A Mohamed, I Zainol, & A K Masrom. (2015). A Facile One-Step Method for 

Graphene Oxide/Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposite Production for Supercapacitor Applications. 

Materials Letters, 161(9), 665-668.

 

Suriani, A B, A Mohamed, N Hashim, M H D Othman, M. H. Mamat, & M K Ahmad. (2018). Reduced Graphene 

Oxide-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Film with Low Pt Loading as Counter Electrode for 

Improved Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells. Journal of Materials Science: 

Materials in Electronics, 29(13), 10723-10743.

 

Suriani, A B, M D Nurhafizah, A Mohamed, and M.H.Mamat. 2017. Optik Enhanced Photovoltaic 

Performance Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Assisted by Triple- Tail Surfactant as an Efficient and 

Low-Cost Counter Electrode for Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells. Optik - International Journal for Light 

and Electron Optics, 139(4), 291–298.

 

Tang, H, K Prasad, R Sanjinès, P E Schmid, & F Lévy. (1994). Electrical and Optical Properties of 

TiO₂ Anatase Thin Films Ellectrical and Optical Properties of Ti02

 

Anatase Thin Films. Journal of applied physics, 75(4), 2042-2047.

 

Tauc, J., & A. Menth. (1972). States in the Gap. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,10(6), 569–585.

 

Tavakoli, Farnosh, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Alireza Badiei, & Fatemeh Mohandes. (2015).  Green  

Synthesis  and  Characterization  of  Graphene  Nanosheets. Materials Research Bulletin, 63(3), 

51–57.

 

Taziwa,  Raymond,  Luyolo  Ntozakhe,  and  Meyer.  Edson.  (2017).  Structural, Morphological  and  

Raman  Scattering  Studies  of  Carbon  Doped  ZnO Nanoparticles Fabricated by PSP Technique. J 

Nanosci Nanotechnol Res, 1(13),1-8.

 

Terasako, Tomoaki, Nur Ashikyn, Nurul Azzyaty, Toshiya Wakisaka, Abdul Manaf, & Masakazu Yagi. 

(2015). Shape Controlled Growth of ZnO Nanorods and Fabrication of ZnO/CuO Heterojunctions by 

Chemical Bath Deposition Using Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate and Copper (III) Nitrate Trihydrate. Thin 

Solid Films, Thin Solid Films, 596(12), 201-208.

 

Ting, Chu Chi, Chang Hung Li, Chih You Kuo, Chia Chen Hsu, Hsiang Chen Wang, & Ming Hsun Yang. 

(2010). Compact and Vertically-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Thin Films by the Low-Temperature Solution 

Method. Thin Solid Films, 518 (15), 4156–4162.

 

Toh, Shaw Yong, Kee Shyuan Loh, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Wan Ramli, & Wan Daud. (2014). Graphene 

Production via Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Synthesis and Characterisation. 

Chemical Engineering Journal, 251(4), 422-434.

 

Tripathy, S, S J Chua, P Chen, Z L Miao, S Tripathy, S J Chua, P Chen, & Z L Miao. (2003). 

Micro-Raman investigation of strain in GaN and Alx Ga 1−x N/GaN heterostructures grown on Si (111). 

Journal of applied physics, 92(7), 3503-3510.

 

Tuinstra, F., & J. L. Koenig. (1970). Raman Spectrum of Graphite. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 

53(3), 1126–1130.

 

Uberlegung, Der. (1913). Interferenzerscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen. Annalen der Physik, 346(10), 

971-988

 

Uddin, Elias, Tapas Kuila, Ganesh Chandra Nayak, Nam Hoon Kim, Cheol Ku, Joong Hee Lee, and Joong 

Hee Lee. (2013). Effects of various surfactants on the dispersion stability and electrical 

conductivity of surface modified graphene. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 562(6), 134-142.

 

Meryl D Stoller, Sungjin Park, Yanwu Zhu, Jinho An, Rodney S Ruoff, Meryl D Stoller, et al. (2008). 

Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors.  Nano letters, 8(10), 3498–3502.

 

Ulyankina, Anna, Igor Leontyev, Marina Avramenko, Denis Zhigunov, and Nina Smirnova. (2018). 

Large-Scale Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures by Pulse Electrochemical Method and Their 

Photocatalytic Properties. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 76(8), 7–13.

 

Umar, A, S H Kim, Y Lee, K S Nahm, and Y B Ã Hahn. (2005). Catalyst-Free Large- Quantity Synthesis 

of ZnO Nanorods by a Vapor – Solid Growth Mechanism : Structural and Optical Properties” Journal of 

Crystal Growth, 282(1-2), 131-136

 

V, Poornima Parvathi, Parimaladevi R, Vasant Sathe, and Umadevi Mahalingam. (2019). Graphene 

Boosted Silver Nanoparticles as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic  Sensors  and  Photocatalysts  

for  Removal  of  Standard  and Industrial Dye Contaminants.” Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 

281(11), 679- 688.

 

Vasudevan, Arun, Soyoun Jung, & Taeksoo Ji. (2011). Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrolysis 

Grown Zinc Oxide Nanorods. ISRN Nanotechnology, 2011(7),1-7.

 

W.Xia, H.Wang, X.Zeng, J.Han, J.Zhu, M.Zhou, & S.Wu. (2014). High Efficiency Photocatalytic 

Activity of Type-II SnO/Sn₃O₄ Heterostructures via Interfacial Charge Transfer. CrystEngComm, 

16(30), 6841–6847.

 

Wahid, Khairul Anuar, Wai Yee Lee, Hing Wah Lee, Aun Shin Teh, Daniel C.S. Bien, & Ishak Abd Azid. 

(2013). Effect of Seed Annealing Temperature and Growth Duration on Hydrothermal ZnO Nanorod 

Structures and Their Electrical Characteristics. Applied Surface Science, 283(6), 629–635.

 

Wang, W., Ai, T., Li, W., Jing, R., Fei, Y., & Feng, X. (2017). Photoelectric and Electrochemical 

Performance of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films Hydrothermally Grown on PET–GR Bilayer Flexible Substrates. 

The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 43(11), 1–45.

 

Wang, Chang, Jianping Xu, Shaobo Shi, Yuzhu Zhang, Yanyan Gao, Zeming Liu, Xuguang Zhang, & Lan Li. 

(2017). Optimizing Performance of Cu₂O/ZnO Nanorods Heterojunction Based Self-Powered Photodetector 

with ZnO Seed Layer. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 103(4), 218–223.

 

Wang, Guosheng, Xiaoguang San, Liang Bing, Yinmin Song, Shangyao Gao, Jinsong Zhang, & Fanli Meng. 

(2015). Catalyst-Free Growth of One-Dimensional ZnO Nanostructures on SiO₂ Substrate and in Situ 

Investigation of Their H₂ Sensing Properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 622(2), 73–78.

 

Wang, Hui, Yufang Wang, Xuewei Cao, Min Feng, & Guoxiang Lan. (2009). Vibrational Properties of 

Graphene and Graphene Layers. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40(12), 1791–196.

 

Wang, Jing, Pengyang Ma, & Lan Xiang. (2015). Effects of NaOH on Formation of ZnO Nanorods from ε 

-Zn(OH)₂. Materials Letters, 141(2), 118–121.

 

Wang, Qin, Linfeng Hu, Min Chen, & Limin Wu. (2015). Synthesis and Enhanced Photoelectric 

Performance of Au/ZnO Hybrid Hollow Sphere. RSC Advances, 5 (125), 103636–103642.

 

Wang, Yi. (2011). Green and Easy Synthesis of Biocompatible Graphene for Use as an Anticoagulant. 

RSC Advances, 2(6), 2322-2328.

 

Wang, Yumin, Xia Zhang, and Chao Hou. (2018). Facile Synthesis of Al-Doping 1D ZnO Nanoneedles by 

Co-Precipitation Method for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue. Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, 

16(10), 250–257.

 

Wang, Zhenxing, Xueying Zhan, Yajun Wang, Safdar Muhammad, Ying Huang, and Jun He. (2012). A 

Flexible UV Nanosensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated ZnO Nanostructures. Nanoscale, 

4(8), 2678–2684.

 

Wang, Zhong Lin. (2010). Piezopotential Gated Nanowire Devices:Piezotronics and Piezo-Phototronics. 

Nano Today, 5(6), 540–552.

 

Welderfael, Tesfay, Manjunatha Pattabi, Rani M Pattabi, & Arun Kumar Thilipan G. (2016). 

Photocatalytic Activity of Ag-N Co-Doped ZnO Nanorods under Visible and Solar Light Irradiations 

for MB Degradation. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 14(12), 117-123.

 

Wojewoda-Budka, Joanna, Katarzyna Stan, Rafal Nowak, & Natalia Sobczak. (2016). High-Temperature 

Reactivity and Wetting Characteristics of Al/ZnO System Related to the Zinc Oxide Single Crystal 

Orientation. Journal of Materials Science, 51(4), 1692–1700.

 

Wu, Jih-jen, & Sai-chang Liu. (2012). Low-Temperature Growth of Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorods by 

Chemical Vapor Deposition. Advanced materials, 14(3), 215- 218.

 

Wu, Jili, Xiaoping Shen, Lei Jiang, Kun Wang, & Kangmin Chen. (2010). Solvothermal Synthesis and 

Characterization of Sandwich-like graphene/ZnO Nanocomposites. Applied Surface Science, 256(9), 

2826–2830.

 

Wu, Wei, Æ Quanguo He, & Æ Changzhong Jiang. (2008). Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles : Synthesis 

and Surface Functionalization Strategies. Nanoscale Res Lett, 3(10), 397–415.

 

Wu, Xiang, Huibo Chen, Lihong Gong, Fengyu Qu, & Yufeng Zheng. (2011). Low Temperature Growth and 

Properties of ZnO Nanorod Arrays. Advances in Natural Sciences:Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 

2(3), 035006.

 

Xian, Fenglin, Gaige Zheng, Linhua Xu, Wenjian Kuang, & Shixin Pei. (2017). Temperature and 

Excitation Power Dependence of Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Pattern Assisted 

Hydrothermal Method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 710(7), 695–701.

 

Xie, Chao, Yi Wang, Zhi-xiang Zhang, Di Wang, & Lin-bao Luo. (2018). Graphene/Semiconductor Hybrid 

Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Device Applications. Nano Today, 19(2), 41-83.

 

Xie, Xiang, Keke Zhao, Xiaodong Xu, Wenbo Zhao, Shujuan Liu, Zhiwei Zhu, Meixian Li, Zujin Shi, & 

Yuanhua Shao. (2010). Study of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer on the Graphene/Self-Assembled 

Monolayer Modified Gold Electrode by Electrochemical Approaches. The Journal of Physical Chemistry 

C, 114(33), 14243-14250.

 

Xu, C H, Y F You, J Z Wang, S F Ge, W K Fong, K Leung, & C Surya. (2013). Growth Behavior of ZnO 

Nanowires on Au-Seeded SiO 2 – GaN Co-Substrate by Vapor Transport and Deposition. Superlattices 

and Microstructures, 61(6), 97–105.

 

Xu, Tongguang, Liwu Zhang, Hanyun Cheng, & Yongfa Zhu. (2011). Significantly Enhanced 

Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO via Graphene Hybridization and the Mechanism Study. Applied 

Catalysis B:Environmental, 101(3–4), 382–387.

 

Xu, Yuxi, & Gaoquan Shi. (2011). Assembly of Chemically Modified Graphene: Methods and 

Applications. J. Mater. Chem, 21(10), 3311–3323.

 

Yadav, Raja R, Chandra S Rout, & Stanislav A Moshkalev. (2017). Synthesis of self- Assembled  and  

Hierarchical  Palladiumcnts-Reduced  Graphene  Oxide Composites  for  Enhanced  Field  Emission  

Properties. Materials  & Design, 122(5), 110-117.

 

Yang, Kaikun, Congkang Xu, Liwei Huang, & Lianfeng Zou. (2011). Hybrid Nanostructure Heterojunction 

Solar Cells Fabricated Using Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanotubes Grown on Reduced Graphene Oxide. 

Nanotechnology, 22(40), 405401.

 

Yang, T L, D H Zhang, J Ma, H L Ma, & Y Chen. (1998). Transparent Conducting ZnO:Al Films Deposited 

on Organic Substrates Deposited by R.F Magnetron- Sputtering. Thin Solid Film, 326(1-2), 60–62.

 

Yang Yang, & Tianxi Liu. (2011). Applied Surface Science Fabrication and Characterization of 

Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanorods Hybrid. Applied Surface Science, 257(21), 8950–8954.

 

Yao, Tinghui, Xin Guo, Shengchun Qin, Fangyuan Xia, Qun Li, Yali Li, Qiang Chen, Junshuai Li, & 

Deyan He. (2017). Effect of rGO Coating on Interconnected Co₃O₄Nanosheets and Improved 

Supercapacitive Behavior of Co₃O₄/rGO/NF Architecture. Nano-Micro Letters, 9(4), 1–8.

 

Yazici, M. Suha, M. Akif Azder, & Omer Salihoglu. (2018). CVD Grown Graphene as Catalyst for Acid 

Electrolytes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43 (23), 10710–10716.

 

Yin, Perry T., Shreyas Shah, Manish Chhowalla, & Ki-Bum Lee. (2015). Design, Synthesis, and 

Characterization of Graphene–Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials for Bioapplications. Chemical Reviews, 

115(7), 2483–2531.

 

Yin, Shengyan, Xiaoju Men, Hang Sun, Ping She, Wei Zhang, Changfeng Wu, Weiping Qin, & Xiaodong 

Chen. (2015). Enhanced Photocurrent Generation of Bio-Inspired graphene/ZnO Composite Films. 

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(22), 12016–12022.

 

Yu, Aifang, Peng Jiang, & Zhong Lin Wang. (2012). Nanogenerator as Self-Powered Vibration Sensor. 

Nano Energy, 1(3), 418–423.

 

Yung, K. C., H. Liem, & H. S. Choy. (2009). Enhanced Red Shift of the Optical Band Gap in Sn-Doped 

ZnO Free Standing Films Using the Sol-Gel Method. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics, 42(18), 

185002.

 

Z. Khusaimi, M. H. Mamat, M. Z. Sahdan, M. K. Ahmad, N. Abdullah, S Amizam, &

M. Rusop. (2010). Controlled Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods by Aqueous- Solution Method. Synthesis 

and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 40(3), 190–194.

 

Zamiri, Reza, Budhendra Singh, Michael Scott Belsley, and J. M.F. Ferreira. (2014). Structural & 

Dielectric Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Nanostructures.” Ceramics International, 40(4), 6031–6036.

 

Zavar, Salehe. (2017). A Novel Three Component Synthesis of 2-Amino-4H- Chromenes  Derivatives  

Using  Nano  ZnO  Catalyst.  Arabian  Journal  of Chemistry, 10(7), S67–S70.

 

Zeng, By Qiong, Jinsheng Cheng, Longhua Tang, Xiaofei Liu, Yanzhe Liu, and Jinghong  Li.  (2010).  

Self-Assembled  Graphene–Enzyme  Hierarchical Nanostructures  for  Electrochemical  Biosensing.  

Advanced  Functional Materials, 20(19), 3366-3372.

 

Zhan, Zhaoyao, Lianxi Zheng, Yongzheng Pan, Gengzhi Sun, & Lin Li. (2012). Self- Powered, 

Visible-Light Photodetector Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide-ZnO (rGO-ZnO) Hybrid 

Nanostructure. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(6), 2589–2595.

 

Zhang, Guling, Chaoyue Deng, Honglong Shi, Bin Zou, Yongchao Li, Tengteng Liu, & Wenzhong Wang. 

(2017). ZnO/Ag Composite Nanoflowers as Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Applied 

Surface Science, 402(4), 154–160.

 

Zhang, Jin, & Wenxiu Que. (2010). Preparation and Characterization of Sol–Gel Al- Doped ZnO Thin 

Films and ZnO Nanowire Arrays Grown on Al-Doped ZnO Seed Layer by Hydrothermal Method. Solar Energy 

Materials and Solar Cells, 94(12), 2181–2186.

 

Zhang, Lixin, Na Li, Hongfang Jiu, Guisheng Qi, & Yunjie Huang. (2015). ZnO- Reduced Graphene Oxide 

Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for

 

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂. Ceramics International, 41(5), 6256–6262.

 

Zhang, Sheng, Yuyan Shao, Honggang Liao, Mark H Engelhard, Geping Yin, & Yuehe Lin. (2011). 

Polyelectrolyte-Induced Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide : A Facile Route to Synthesis of 

Soluble Graphene. ACS nano, 5(3), 1785- 1791.

 

Zhang, Xian Fu, & Qian Xi. (2011). A Graphene Sheet as an Efficient Electron Acceptor and Conductor 

for Photoinduced Charge Separation. Carbon, 49(12), 3842–3850.

 

Zhang, Yangyang, Manoj K. Ram, Elias K. Stefanakos, & D. Yogi Goswami. (2012). Synthesis, 

Characterization, and Applications of ZnO Nanowires. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012(4),1-22.

 

Zhang, Yanhui, Zi-rong Tang, Xianzhi Fu, & Yi-jun Xu. (2010). TiO₂−Graphene Nanocomposites for 

Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Volatile Aromatic Pollutant:  Is  TiO₂−Graphene  Truly  

Different  from  Other  TiO₂−Carbon Composite Materials?. ACS Nano, 4(12), 7303–7314.

 

Zhang, Yijun, Ming Liu, Wei Ren, & Zuo-guang Ye. (2015). Well-Ordered ZnO Nanotube Arrays and 

Networks Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition. Applied Surface Science, 340(6), 120–125.

 

Zhao, J., Liu, L., Li, F. (2015). Graphene Oxide: Physics and Applications. London, UK: Springer, 

161.

 

Zhao, Yanting, Lin Liu, Tingting Cui, Guoxiu Tong, & Wenhua Wu. (2017). Enhanced Photocatalytic 

Properties of ZnO/reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets (rGO) Composites with Controllable Morphology and 

Composition. Applied Surface Science, 412(3), 58–68.

 

Zhou, Hai, Guojia Fang, Nishuang Liu, & Xingzhong Zhao. (2011). Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on 

ZnO Nanorods-Seed Layer Effect and Metal Oxide Modifying Layer Effect. Nanoscale Research Letters, 

6(1), 1–6.

 

Zhou, Qiong. (2013). Synthesis of Vertically-Aligned Zinc Oxide Nanowires and Their Applications as 

Photocatalysts. Nanomaterials, 7(1), 1-13.

 

Zi-QiangXu,  HongDeng,  JuanXie,  YanLi  &  Xiao-TaoZu.  (2006).  Ultraviolet Photoconductive 

Detector Based on Al Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Sol–gel Method. Applied Surface Science, 253(11), 

476–479.

 

Zou, Yanan, Yue Zhang, Yongming Hu, and Haoshuang Gu. (2018). Ultraviolet Detectors Based on Wide 

Bandgap Semiconductor Nanowire. Sensors, 2072 (18), 1–25.

 

Zu, Xihong, Huan Wang, Guobin Yi, Zheng Zhang, Xuemei Jiang, and Jian Gong. (2015). Self-Powered UV 

Photodetector Based on Heterostructured TiO₂ Nanowire Arrays and Polyaniline Nano Flower Arrays. 

Synthetic Metals, 200(2), 8–65.