Abdi, A. (2014).  Theeffect of inquiry-based learning method on students’ academic achievement in sciencecourse.  Accessed on 20 December 2015, from: http://www.hrpub.org/download/20131215/UJER4-19500980.pdf 

Abongdia, J. A., Adu, E. O., & Foncha, J. W. (2015). Pre-service Teachers' Challenges during Teaching Practice in One University in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 50-56. Accessed on 20 December 2015, from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015.11890374 

Abrams, E., Southerland, S. A., & Evans, P.  (2007).  Inquiry in the classroom. A Volume in contemporary research in education series. North Carolina. Information Age Publishing, Inc. 

Addelin, M. I., & Catarina, M. (2018). Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) As A Model of Learning. Retrieved from http://icerd2018.conference.upi.edu/wp­content/uploads/sites/30/2018/12/Fullpaper_Maria-Adelline.pdf 

Alam, M. M., (2013).  Innovative teaching methods in teacher education.  In R. L. Nikose (Eds.).  Teacher education in the new millennium (pp. 1-13). New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.  

Alberta Learning. (2004). Focus on Inquiry:A Teacher’s Guide to Implementing Inquiry-based Learning.Retrieved from: http://www.lrc.learning.gov.ab.ca 

Ali, H. F., & Ulkar, V., (2020)  The Effect of Inquiry-based Approach on Development of Reading and Writing Skills of a University EFL students. Accessed on 10 January 2022 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342170721_The_Effect_of_Inquiry­based_Approach_on_Development_of_Reading_and_Writing_Skills_of_a_Uni versity_EFL_students 

Alizadeh, I. (2018). Exploring language learners’ perception of the effectiveness of an English Language Teaching (ELT) program in Iran. Retrieved from Cogent Education: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-4989 

Agrawal, S. C. & Agrawal, V.  (2013).  Teacher education:  Problems, challenges and remedies.  In R. L. Nikose (Eds.).  Teacher education in the new millennium 

(p. 1-13). New Delhi:  APH Publishing Corporation.    

Anyiendah, M. S. (2017). Challenges Faced by Teachers When Teaching English in Public Primary Schools in Kenya. Frontiers in Education. 2:13. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2017.00013 

Aparicio-Ting, F. E.,Slater, D.M., & Kurz, E.U. (2019). Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) as a Driver of Curriculum: A Staged Approach. Papers on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching, 3, 44–51. 

Arends. R.I. (2009).  Learning to teach. (8thed).  Boston:  McGraw Hill. 

Artigue, M. & Maaß, K. (2013). Implementation of inquiry-based learning in day-to­day teaching : a synthesis, 779–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-0528-0 

Aulls, M. W. & Shore, B. M. (2008). Inquiry in education. The conceptual foundations for research as a curricular imperative. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Backer, J., Miller, J. &Timmer, S. (2018). The Effects of Collaborative Grouping on Student Engagement in Middle School Students. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https://sophia.stkate.edu/maed/280 

Baillie, C. (2006). Enhancing students’ creativity through creativethinking techniques. Developing creativity in higher education, 142-155. Retrieved from: http://www.library.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/825246/Enhancing _studentsrsquo_creativity_through_creative_thinking_techniques.pdf 

Bashir, Bajwa & Rana (2014).  Teacher as a Role Model and Its Impact on the Life of Female Students. Retrieved from: https://doi.10.29121/granthaalayah.v1.i.2014.3081 

Bérešová, J. (2017). The Impact of the CEFR on Teaching and Testing English in the Local Context. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(11), 959. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0711.03 

Berkeley Graduate Division (2022).  Social Constructivism. Retrieved from: https://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/learning-theory-research/social­constructivism/ 

Boudersa, N. (2016). The Importance of Teachers' Training Programs and Professional Development in the Algerian Educational Context. Toward Informed and Effective Teaching Practices. Genre Studies of Academic Discourse: Some Implications for Teaching EAP and EST. 

Boyatzis, R. E. (1998).  Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development.  Accessed on 03 March 2922 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242364922_Transforming_Qualitativ e_Information_Thematic_Analysis_and _Code_Development 

Bradford, E. (2010). Approaches to multicultural education in preservice teacher education: philosophical frameworks and models for Teaching Author(s): Earl Bradford Smith Source:, 1–13. 

Brau, B. (2022).  Learning Theories. Contsructivism.  Retrieved from: https://edtechbooks.org/studentguide/constructivism 

Braun, V., Clarke, V. & Weate, P. (2016). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise Research. In B. Smith &A. C. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise (pp. 191-205). London: Routledge. 

British Council (2012). Organisational Skills Profile for Teachers. Accessed on 10 April 2015 from: https://www.britishcouncil.my/sites/default/files/malaysia-download-about-us­careers-teacher-tech-skills-behaviours-2012.pdf 

Broom, C. (2015). Empowering students: Pedagogy that benefits educators and learners. Accessed on 5 September 2022 from: https://doi.10.1177/2047173415597142 

Bruder, R., & Prescott, A. (2013). Research evidence on the benefits of IBL. ZDM -International Journal on Mathematics Education, 45(6), 811–822. Accessed on 20 December 2020, from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-0542-2 

Bulba, D. (2020). What is Inquiry-Based Science? Retrieved from Smithsonian Science Education Center: https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/what-inquiry­based-science 

Bybee, R. W., Taylor, J. A., Gardner, A. & Scotter, P. V. (2006).  The BSCS 5E Instructional Model: Origins and Effectiveness.Accessedon 5September 2015 from: http://sharepoint.svsd410.org/mshs/ramseyerd/Science%20Inquiry%201%2020 112012/What%20is%20Inquiry%20Sciecne%20(long%20version).pdf 

Calleja, J. (2016). Teaching Mathematics through Inquiry. Journal of the International Society for Design and Development in Education. Accessed on 20 December 2020, from: https://www.educationaldesigner.org/ed/volume3/issue9/article30/ 

Chang, H. (2014). Teacher guidance to mediate student inquiry through interactive dynamic visualizations, (November 2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251­012-9257-y 

Cheng, F. F., Wu, C. S. & Su, P. C. (2021).  The Impact of CollaborativeLearning and Personality on Satisfaction in Innovative Teaching Context. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713497 

Cheng, Y. (2001). New Education and New Teacher Education: A Paradigm Shift for the Future. In New Teacher Education for the Future: International Perspectives (pp. 3-29). Hong Kong and the Netherlands: The Hong Kong Institute of Education and Kluwer Academic Publisher. 

Chichekian, T., & Shore, B. M. (2016). Preservice and practicing teachers’self­efficacy for inquiry-based instruction. Cogent Education, 3, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1236872 

Chichekian, T., & Shore, B. M. (2017). Challenges to conducting a longitudinal study with classroom observations of teachers’ first year of professional practice. In 

B. Flett (Ed.), SAGE research methods cases--Education. London, England: SAGE Online Library Products. http://methods.sagepub.com/case/challenges-longitudinal-study-of-teachers­first-year-of-practice http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526419 

Chin, C. (2004). Questioning Students in ways that encourage thinking. Teaching Science -the Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 50(4), 16–21. 

Chin, C. (2006). Classroom Interaction in Science: Teacher questioning and feedback to students’ responses. International Journal of Science Education, 28(11), 1315–1346. 

Choi, I., Land, S.M. & Turgeon, A.Y. (2005). Scaffolding peer-questioning strategies to facilitate metacognition during online small group discussion. Instructional Science, 33(5–6), 483–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-005-1277-4 

Choirunnnisa, N. L., Prabowo, P. & Suryanti, S. (2018).  Improving Science Process Skills for Primary School Students Through 5E Instructional Model-Based Learning. Accessed on 23 August 2022, from: https://doi.10.1088/1742-6596/947/1/012021 

Chu, S., & Kong, H. (2008). Grade 4 Students ’ Development of Research Skills Through Inquiry-Based Learning Projects, 14(1), 10–37. 

Clark, B. R. E., Kirschner, P. A., & Sweller, J. (2012). Putting Students on the Path to Learning The Case forFully Guided Instruction, 6–11. 

Clark, R. E. (2009). How much and what type of guidance is optimal for learning from instruction? Constructivist Instruction: Success or Failure?, 158–183. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203878842 

Coe, R., Aloisi, C., Higgins, C. & Major, L. E. (2014). What makes great teaching?  Review of  the underpinning research.  Accessed on 10 August 2019 from: https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/What-Makes-Great-Teaching-REPORT.pdf 

Coleman, E. (2020). Why You Should Use Reflective Practice. Accessed on 10 August 2022 from: http://www.teachhub.com/professional-development/2020/09/why-you-should -use-reflective-practice 

Councilof Europe(2001). Common European Framework of Referencefor Languages CEFR. Accessed on 21 September 2022 from: https://www.coe.int/en/web/common -european-framework-reference­languages/level-descriptions 

Couseil, L., Garcia, E., & Strutmann, B., (2016).  Applying the Action-Oriented Approach for Learning Languages Through Social-Networking Technology. Accessed on 17 February 2022 from: https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.1695 

Crandall, J. (2000).  Language teacher education. Accessed on 10 April 2015 from: 

http://userpages.umbc.edu/~crandall/Language_Teacher_Education.pdf 

Curtis, R., & Wiener, R. (2012). Teacher Evaluation Systems that Support Growth and Development. The Aspen Institute. Accessed on 10 April from: https://files.eric.ed.gov 

Day, R. (1996).  Models and the knowledge baseof Second Language Teacher Education.  Accessed on 10 April 2022 from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED370359.pdf 

Day, R. R. (2013).  Peer observation and reflection in the ELT practicum.  Accessed on 6 January 2016 from: http:// files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED546863.pdf 

Davis, M. L. & Smits, A. J. (2017).  The Science of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Accessed on 11 August2022 from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/social­constructivism#:~:text=Social%20constructivism%2C%20a%20social%20lear ning,Schreiber%20%26%20Valle%2C%202013). 

Delve (2022).  The Essential Guide to Coding Qualitative Data Accessed on 6 Mac 2022 from: http://delvetool.com/guide 

Dobb, F. (2005).  Inquiry-based instruction for English Language Learners.  Ten essential elements. In R. H. Audet and L. K.Jordan (Eds.). Integrating Inquiry Across the Curriculum (p. 201-226).  Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. 

Dobber, M., Zwart, R., Tanis, M. & Oers, B. V. (2017). Literature review: The role of the teacher in inquiry-based education. Educational Research Review, 22(November), 194–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.09.002 

Duran, M., & Dökme, I. (2016). The effect of the inquiry-based learning approach on student’s critical-thinking skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.02311a 

Fan, F. (2016). World Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca: Where does English in China stand? cambridge press. Accessed on 6 January 2020 from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/english-today/article/abs/chinese­netizens-reactions-to-the-use-of-english-as-a-lingua-f ranca/D372402812E7F76224C7BF28C0636BA8 

Faculty of Languages and Communication (2014).  AcademicGuide for Bachelor Programmes Session 2014/2015. Sultan Idris Education University. 

Farehah, N. (2017). CEFR_in_Malaysia_Current_issues_and_chal. The 3rd International Conference on Language Testing and Assessment and the 5th British Council New Directions in Language Assessment Conference, 2. 

Farrell, T. (2019). 'My Training Has Failed Me: Inconvenient Truth About Second Language Teacher Education. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language. Accessed on 12 January, 2018, from: http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume22/ej88/ej88a1/ 

Farrell, T. (2020). Second Language Teacher Education: A Reality Check. International Perspectives English Language Teacher Education, 1-15. Accessed on 22 May 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137440068_1 

Feyzioglu, B. (2019). The role of inquiry-based self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation, and learning strategies on secondary-school students’ inquiry skills. Research in Science and Technological Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2019.1579187 

Focus on Inquiry (2004).  A teacher’s guide to implementing inquiry-based learning. Accessed on 12 January, 2016, from: http://www.teachingbooks.net/content/FocusOnInquiry.pdf 

Foncha, J. W., Jane-Francis A. Abongdia & Emmanuel O. Adu(2015).Challenges Encountered by Student Teachers in Teaching English Language during Teaching Practice in East London, South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 127-134.Accessed on 12 January, 2020, from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015.11890302 

Forrester, S.V., Ustinovaa, G. H., Kosyakovaa, I. V., Ronzhinab, N. V. & Suraevacet, 

M. O. (2016). Human Capital in the Innovative Conditions, 11(8), 3048–3065. Accessed on 22 May 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.11.012 

Freeman, D. & Johnson, K. E. (1998). Reconceptualizing the knowledge-base of language teacher education. Accessed on 22 May 2015, from http://www.personal.psu.edu/kej1/aplng587/Readings/Week_02_KnowledgeBa se_Freeman_Johnson_1998.pdf. 

Friesen, S., & Scott, D. (2013). Inquiry-Based Learning : A Review of the Research Literature, (June), 1–32. 

Furtak, E. M., Seidel, T., Iverson, H. & Briggs, D. C. (2012).  Experimental and quasi-experimental studies of inquiry-based science teaching.  A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 82,300-329. Accessed on 22 March 2020, from: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654312457206. 

Gan, Z. (2013). Learning to Teach English Language in the Practicum: What Challenges do Non-Native ESL Student Teachers Face? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(3). Accessed on 6 January 2019 from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2013v38n3.3 

Genesse, F. & Harper, C. (2010). Standards for the recognition of initial TESOL programme in p-12 ESL teacher education.  Accessed on 6 January 2015 from http://www.tesol.org/docs/books/the-revised-tesol-ncate-standards-for-the­recognition-of-initial-tesol-programs-in-p-12-esl-teacher-education-(2010­pdf).pdf?sfvrsn=0 

Genie, K.(2017).  Inquiry-Based Learning: A Case Study of an Experienced Elementary Mathematics Teacher in Action. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto. 

Gholam, A. (2019). Inquiry-Based Learning:. Journal of Inquiry & Action in Education, 10(2), 2019. Accessed on 26 December 2020 from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1241559.pdf 

Goh,S., Pauline& Matthews, B. (2011). Listening to the Concerns of Student Teachers In Malaysia During Teaching Practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 36(3). Accessed on 6 January 2019 from http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2011v36n3.2 

Gomez, L. F. (2017). Learning by teaching : Training EFL pre-service teachers through inquiry-based learning Learning by Teaching : Training EFL Pre­service Teachers through Inquiry-based Learning, (July). 

Gorghiu, G., Cristea, S., Petrescu, A., & Monica, L. (2015). Problem-Based Learning ­An Efficient Learning Strategy In The Science Lessons Context, 191, 1865– 1870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.570 

Gormally, C., Brickman, P., Hallar, B., & Armstrong, N. (2009). Effects of Inquiry-based Learning on Students’ Science Literacy Skills and Confidence. International Journal of Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 1–22. 

Gube, M., & Shore, B. (2018). Two Decades of Funded Research Goals and Achievements on Inquiry by the High Ability and Inquiry Research Group (HAIR) at McGill University. Online Submission, 1–126. 

Guido, M. (2017).  All About Inquiry-Based Learning:  Definition, Benefits and Strategies. Accessed on 9 May 2019 at https://www.prodigygame.com/blog/inquiry-based-learning-definition­benefits-strategies/ . 

Harding, T. & Whitehead, D. (2016). Analysing data in qualitative research. Accessed on 13 March 2022 at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284372016_Analysing_data_in qualitative_research 

HazlinaA. (2018). Malaysia drops 9 spots in English Profiency Ranking for non-native speakers. Accessed on 6 January 2019 from: https://www.nst.com.my/education/2018/10/426949/malaysia-drops-9-spots­ish-proficiency-ranking-non-native-speakers  

Heick, T. (2017). 4 Phases of Inquiry-Based Learning: A Guide For Teachers. TeachThought, 3. Retrieved from https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/4­phases-inquiry-based-learning-guide-teachers/ 

Heick, T. (2018). What Is Bloom’s Taxonomy? A Definition for Teachers. TeachThought, 1–8. Accessed on 6 January 2019 from: https://www.teachthought.com/learning/what-is-blooms-taxonomy-a­definition-for-teachers/ 

Hofer, E. & Lembens, A. (2019). Putting inquiry-based learning into practice: How teachers changed their beliefs and attitudes through a professional development program. Chemistry Teacher International, 1(2), 20180030 https://doi.org/10.1515/cti-2018-0030 

Hooi Lian, L., Thiam Yew, W., & Cheng Meng, C. (2014). Enhancing Malaysian Teachers’ Assessment Literacy. International Education Studies, 7(10), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n10p74 

Horan & Carr (2019). How Much Guidance Do Students Need? An Intervention Study on Kindergarten Mathematics with Manipulatives. Accessed on 6 August 2019 from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6642642 

Hsieh, P., Sullivan, J. R., & Guerra, N. S. (2007). A Closer Look at College Students: Self-Efficacy and Goal Orientation. Journal of Advanced Academics, 18(3), 454–476. https://doi.org/10.4219/jaa-2007-500 

Huang, L., Doorman, M., & van Joolingen, W. (2020). Inquiry-Based Learning Practices in Lower-Secondary Mathematics Education Reported by Students from China and the Netherlands. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-020-10122-5 

Husaini,A. K. (2012).  Shortcomings of the 2013-2025 National Education Blueprint.alaysian Insider. Accessed on 12 September 2012, from http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2012/09/12/shortcomings-of-the-2013-2025­national-education-blueprint/#.VqrNbpjr9xc.email 

Ibrahim, A., Aulls, M. W., & Shore, B. M. (2016). Development, validation, and factorial comparison of the McGill Self-Efficacy of Learners For Inquiry Engagement (McSELFIE) survey in natural science disciplines. International Journal of Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1249531 

Ibrahim, A., Aulls, M. W., & Shore, B. M. (2017). Teachers’ Roles, Students’ Personalities, Inquiry Learning Outcomes, and Practices of Scienceand Engineering:The Development and Validation of the McGill Attainment Value forInquiry Engagement Survey in STEM Disciplines. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-016­9733-y 

Imm, L. B. (2017). English Language Use Among Malaysian Tertiary Level Students: A Case Study of Tunku Abdul Rahman University College. Retrieved from IIUM Repo: http://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/bitstream/123456789/6424/1/t11100355161Lo wBeeImm_SEC_24.pdf 

Iqbal, M. Z. (2017). Reflection-in-action: A stimulus reflective practice for professional development of student teachers. Bulletin of Education and Research August. 

Jamwal, B. S. (2012). Teacher Education: Issues and their Remedies, 2(2), 85–90. Accessed on 12 September 2020, from http://www.ripublication.com/ijepa.htm 

Jarvis, J., Dickerson, C., Thomas, K., & Graham, S. (2014). The Action-Reflection-Modelling (ARM) Pedagogical Approach for Teacher Education: a Malaysia-UK Project.  Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(3).  Accessed on 13 January 2015from: http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol39/iss3/5 

Johnson, D. (2017).  TheRole of Teachers in Motivating Students to Learn. Accessed on 12 September 2022, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230415.pdf. 

Kang, J. & Keinonen, T. (2016). Examining Factors Affecting Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning in Finland and South Korea. Accessed on 13 January 2020 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311936943_EXAMINING_FACTO RS_AFFECTING_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_INQUIRY­BASED_LEARNING_IN_FINLAND_AND_SOUTH_KOREA 

Kartinen, S., & Kumpulainen, K. (2002). Collaborativeinquiry andthe construction of explanations in the learning of science.  Learning and Instruction, 12, 189-212. Accessed on 13 January 2020 from: http595://doi.org/10.1016/50959-4752(01)00004-4 

Kim, Y. (2011).  Developing a Model of Effective English Teaching for Pre-service Teacher Education.  Accessed on 5 April 2015, from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED520808.pdf 

Korthagen, F.A.J. (2001).  Linking Practice and Theory –The Pedagogy of Realistic Teacher Education. Accessed on 12 February 2015, from http://resources.educ.queensu.ca/ar/aera2001/Korthagen2001.pdf 

Korthagen, F.A.J. (2004). In search of theessence of a good teacher: towards a more holistic approach in teacher education.  Accessed on 15 April 2015, from http://cmapsconverted.ihmc.us/rid=1181134774565_1500279159_13957/esse nce%20of%20a%20good%20teacher.pdf 

Kuter, S. (2013). Anaction researchon developing prospectiveteachers’ inquiry skills. Accessed on 11 February, 2016 from: http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/viewFile/967/998 

Learning, W. I. I. (2017). All About Inquiry-Based Learning: Definition, Benefits and Strategies What Is Inquiry-Based Learning? The 4 Types of Inquiry-Based Learning. 2017, 1–12. 

Livingston, K. (2016). Teacher education’s role in educational change. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-4. Accessed on 11 February, 2020 from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2016.1135531 

Loyens, S. M. M., & Gijbels, D. (2008). Understanding the effects of constructivist learning environments: Introducing a multi-directional approach. Instructional Science, 36(5-6 EFFECTS OF CONSTR), 351–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-008-9059-4 

Maguire, M. & Delahunt, B. (2019).  Doing a Thematic Analysis: A Practical, Step­By-Step Guide for Learning and Teaching and Teaching Scholars. http://ojs.aishe.org/index.php/aishe-j/article/view/335 

Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 -2025. (2013). Accessed on 15 Mac, 2016, from: http://www.moe.gov.my/v/pelan-pembangunan-pendidikan-malaysia-2013­2025 

Manasia, L., Ianos, M. G., & Chicioreanu, T. D. (2019). Pre-Service Teacher Preparedness for Fostering Education for Sustainable Development: An Empirical Analysis of Central Dimensions of Teaching Readiness. Sustainability 2020, 12, 166; doi:10.3390/su12010166. 

Marshall, J. C., Alston, D. & Smart,J.(2016).  Inquiry-Based Instruction: A Possible Solution to Improving Student Learning of Both Science Concepts & Scientific Practices. Accessed on 15 September, 2021, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 

Masnita, M., Zahayu, M. Y., Massudi, M., Ibnu  Affan, J., Ahmad, F. J. & Nor Suhada, M. (2018). Exploring Factors That Affect English Proficiency Level among University Students: A Case Study in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Accessed on 15 December 2020, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330775042_Exploring_Factors_That Affect_English_Proficiency_Level_among_University_Students_A_Case_Stu dy_in_Universiti_Utara_Malaysia 

Mercer, N. (2000). Words and minds.  How we use the language to think together.  London, UK: Routledge. 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (2012).  Malaysian Teacher Quality: Perceptions by various stakeholders (p. 19-20). Kuala Lumpur. Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 

Ministry of Education Malaysia (2015). MalaysiaEducation Blueprint 2015-2025 Higher Education. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education Malaysia. Accessed on 16 November 2020, from: http://www.moe.gov.my/cms/upload_files/files/3_%20Malaysia%20Education %20Blueprint%202015-2025%20(Higher%20Education).pdf 

Mortensen, D. H. (2021). How to Do a Thematic Analysis of User Interviews. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/how-to-do-a-thematic­analysis-of-user-interview 

Mpofu, N. (2019, August 27). What student teachers learn when putting theory into classroom practice. Retrieved from The Conversation-Academicrigour, journalistic flair: https://theconversation.com/what-student-teachers-learn­when-putting-theory-into-classroom-practice-122222 

Nature of Teaching (2022).  Accessed on 16 November 2020, from: https://blog.teachmint.com/nature-of-teaching/ 

Nelson, J. (2020). Real problems: Teaching theory through practice. Retrieved from Harvard: Office of Vice Provost in Advances in Learning: https://vpal.harvard.edu/realproblems 

Nghia, T. L., & Tai, H. N. (2019). Preservice teachers' experiences wirh internship-related challenges in regional schools and their career intention implications for teacher education programs. Childhood Teacher Education, Volume 40, 2019, 159-176. Accessed on 16 November 2020, from: https://doi.org./10.1080/10901027.2018.1536902 

Nikose, R.L.(2013). Innovative teaching methodsin teacher education.  In R. L. Nikose (Eds.).  Teacher education in the new millennium (pp. 167-175). New Delhi:  APH Publishing Corporation. 

Niño-Zarazùa & Masino, S. (2016). What works to improve the quality of student learning in developing countries? International Journal of Educational Development, Volume 48, May 2016, pages 53-65. Accessed on 09 December 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.11.012 

Normazidah, C. M., Lie, K. Y. & Hazita, A. (2012),Exploring English language learning and teaching in Malaysia. GEMA: Online Journal of LanguageStudies, 12 (1). pp. 35-51. ISSN 1675­http://www.ukm.my/ppbl/Gema/GEMA%20vol%2012%20(1)%20Special%20s ection%202012/pp_35_51.pdf 

Nor Syuhada, A., Siti Shamsiah, S., Che Nidzam, C.A., Muhd Ibrahim, M. D. & Mohamad Termizi, B. (2017). The Trend in Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) Research From Many Perspectives: A Systematic Review . Retrieved from American Institute of Physics: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983916 

Nur Syafiqah Shahirah, I. G., Mastura, A & Siti Nurlaili, K. (2017). Teaching Trainig in Malaysia (Past & Present). Retrieved from Slidehsare: https://www.slideshare.net/Mastura_atan/teacher-training-in-malaysia-past­present 

Nuangchalerm, P. & Thammasena, B. (2009).  Cognitive Development, Analytical Thinkingand Learning Satisfaction of Second Grade Students Learned through Inquiry-based     Learning.  Accessed on 13 October 2015, from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/view/3528/3518 

Ogus, A. C., & Aybar, T. (2019). Using the inquiry-based learning approach to enhance student innovativeness: a conceptual model. Teaching in Higher Education, 1-16. Accessed on 13 October 2020, from: https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080% 2F13562517.2018.1516636 

Ong, E. T.,Wong, Y. T., Sopia, M. Y., Sadiah,B.,Asmayati, Y. & Zahid, M.S. (2012). Malaysian-Based Science Process Skills Inventory: Development, Validation and Utilisation (Inventori).CREAM -Current Research in Malaysia,1, 125–149. 

Ong, K. K. A., Hart, C. E., & Chen, P. K. (2016). Promoting Higher-Order Thinking through Teacher Questioning:A CaseStudy of aSingaporeScienceClassroom. New Waves-Educational Research and Development Journal, 19(1), 1–19. 

Owu-ewie, C. (2008). Enhancing the Thinking Skills of Pre-service Teachers: A Case Study of Komenda Teacher Training College, (June). 

Oxford University Press (2019). Inquiry-Based Learning:  Essential Principles for the ELT Classroom.  Retrieved from: https://oupeltglobalblog.com/2020/01/29/inquiry-based-elt-classroom/ 

Padgett, D. (2020). Learning Theories: Understanding the 4 Major Learning Theories. Accessed on 13 February 2022, from: https://www.leaderinme.org/blog/learning-theories/ 

Panasan, M. & Nuangchalerm, P. (2010).  Learning outcomes of project-based and inquiry-based learning activities.  Accessed on 15 January 2016, from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509723.pdf 

Patton, M. Q. & Cochran, M. (2002). A guide to using qualitative research methodology. Accessed on 13 January 2016, from: https://evaluation.msf.org/sites/evaluation/files/a_guide_to_using_qualitative_ research_methodology.pdf 

Pedaste, M., Mäeots, M.,Siiman, L. A., Jong,T.,Zacharia, Z.&Tsourlidaki,E. (2015). Phases of inquiry-based learning : Definitions and the inquiry cycle. Educational Research Review, 14, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.02.003 

Peterman, D.M. (2012). Implications of constructivist pedagogy in teacher education: A comparison of problem-based learning vs. non-problem-based learning in teacher education programs. A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Education.  Tennesse State University.Peterman (2012) 

Preston, L., Harvie, K. & Wallace, H. (2015).  Inquiry-based Learning in Teacher Education: A primary humanities example.  Australian Journal of Teacher Education 40(12): 73-85. 

Raja Kumar, S., (2017).  Nature of Teaching & Characteristics of Teaching and Teacher. Accessed on 15 February 2022, from:  http://www.slideshare.net/RajKumar2177/nature-of-teaching-characteristic­of-teaching-and-teacher 

Richards, J.C. & Lockhart C. (1994). Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms.Cambridge Univeristy Press. 

Richards, J.C. (2008).  Second language teacher education today.  Accessed on 14 January 2016, from: http://rel.sagepub.com/content/39/2/158.full.pdf+html 

Richards, J.C. & Renandya, W.A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching. An anthology of current Practice.  Cambridge University Press.  

Richards, J., & Singh, G. (2016). Teaching and Learning in the Language Teacher Education Course Room: A Critical Sociocultural Perspective. RELC Journal , 149-175. 

Richert, A.  F. (1997). Teaching teachers for thechallengeofchange. In T. Russel and 

J. Loughran (Eds).  Teaching about teaching:  Purpose, passion and pedagogy in teacher education (p. 73-94). London: Falmer Press. 

Riegle-Crumb, C., Morton, K, Moore, C. & ANTONIA, C. (2015). Do Inquiring Minds Have Positive Attitudes? The Science Education of Preservice Elementary Teachers. Accessed on 16 December 2022, from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5034297/ 

Rodríguez, G., Pérez, N., Núñez, G., Baños, JE & Carrió, M. (2019). Developing creative and research skills through an open and interprofessional inquiry-based learning course. Accessed on 15 December2020, from:  https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-019-1563-5 

Romero-Ariza, M., Quesada, A., Abril, A. M., Sorensen, P., & Oliver, M. C. (2020). Highly Recommended and Poorly Used: English and Spanish ScienceTeachers’ Views of Inquiry-based Learning (IBL) and its Enactment. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(1), em1793. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/109658 

Saunders-Stewart, K. S., Gyles, P. D. T., & Shore, B. M. (2012). Student Outcomes in Inquiry Instruction: A Literature-Derived Inventory. Journal of Advanced Academics, 23(1), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X11429860 

Sawyer, R. K.(2004). Creative Teaching: Collaborative discussion as disciplined improvisation. Educational Researcher, 33(2), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033002012 

Sever, D., & Güven, M. (2014). Effect of inquiry-based learning approach on student resistance in a science and technology course. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(4), 1601–1606. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.4.1919 

Shao, X. (2018). TheAnalysis of the Limitations Which HinderInquiry-based Learning and Students ’ Creativity Development in Chinese Science Education. 

Shih, J.-L., Chuang, C.-W., & Hwang, G.-J. (2010). An Inquiry-based Mobile Learning Approach to Enhancing Social Science Learning Effectiveness. Educational Technology & Society. Accessed on 20 January 2016, from: 

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/jeductechsoci.13.4.50.pdf?acceptTC=true 

Shore, B.M., Aulls, M.W. & Delcourt, M. A. B. (2008). Inquiry in education: Overcoming barriers to successful implementation. Vol.2. NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Short, D.J. (1993).  Assessing Integrated Language and Content Instruction. Accessed on 16 August 2019 from   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/3587399 

Shuib, M. (2009). Grammatical awareness among primary school english language teachers. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 9(1), 35–46. 

Silm, G., Tiitsaar, K., Pedaste, M., Zacharia, Z., & Papaevripidou, M. (2017). Teachers’ Readiness to Use Inquiry-Based Learning: An Investigation of Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and Attitudes toward Inquiry-Based Learning. Science Education International, 28(4), 315–325. 

Sinay, E., Nahornick, A., & Graikinis, D. (2017). Fostering global competencies and deeper learning with digital technologies research series:  Creativity and innovation in teaching and learning: A focus on innovative intelligence (I2Q) pilot program (Research Report No. 17/18-11). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Toronto District School Boar 

Singh, P., Chan, Y. F. & Gurnam, K.S. (2006).  A comprehensive guide to writing a Research proposal.  United Kingdom: Venton Publishing. 

Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform.  Accessed on 16 April 2015 from: https://www.hepgjournals.org/doi/abs/10.17763/haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411 

Smallhorn, M., Young, J., Hunter, N., & Burke da Silva, K. (2015). Inquiry-based learning to improve student engagement in a large first year topic. Student Success. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v6i2.292 

Smith, P. (2013). Improving Classroom Discourse in Inquiry-Based Learning Primary Science Education. Accessed on 16 April 2021 from: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/591 

Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2015).  Constructivism Vs Social Constructivism: What’s the Difference? Accessed on 10 June 2021 from: https://johnsommersflanagan.com/2015/12/05/constructivism-vs-social­constructionism-whats-the-difference/ 

Spronken-Smith (2008).  Experiencing the Process of Knowledge Creation: The Nature and Use of Inquiry-Based Learning in Higher Education. Accessed on 2 February 2015, from: https://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/sites/default/files/u14/IBL%20-%20Report%20­%20Appendix%20A%20-%20Review.pdf 

Sulistiyo, U. (2015). Improving English as a Foreign Language Teacher Education in Indonesia : The Case of Jambi University Bachelor of Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Jambi University. Accessed on 16 April 2020 from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32239239.pdf 

Suneethi, A.S. (2013). Influence of Teacher Education Programme on Emotional Competence, Creative Thinking and Locus of Control of Student Teachers at Secondary Level.  Thesis submitted for Doctor ofPhilosophy.  Accessed on 20 June 2016 from http://www.mgutheses.in/page/?q=T%202610&search=student+teachers&page =1&rad=all# 

Sweeney, A. E., Bula, O. A., & Cornett, J. W. (2001).  The Role of Personal Practice Theories in the Professional Development of a Beginning High School Chemistry Teacher. Accessed on 15 January 2022, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227863569_The_role_of_personal_ practicetheories_in_the_professional_development_of_a_beginning_high_ school_chemistry_teacher 

Tan, C. I.  (2011). An Evaluation of Postgraduate School-Based Teacher Education in Malaysia.  Thesis submitted for Doctor of Philosophy. http://eprints.usm.my/29151/1/AN_EVALUATION_OF_POSTGRADUATE_ SCHOOL-BASED_TEACHER_EDUCATION_PROGRAM_IN_MALAYSIA.pdf 

Tanujaya, B., Mumu, J., & Margono, G. (2017). The Relationship between Higher Order Thinking Skills and Academic Performance of Student in Mathematics Instruction. International Education Studies, 10(11), 78. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p78 

TESOL/NCATE Program Standards (2003). Standards for Accreditation ofInitial Programs In P-12 ESL Teacher Education. Accessed on 15 May 2015, from: http://www.ncate.org_programstandards_tesolstd(4).pdf. 

Thaiposri, P., & Wannapiroon, P. (2015). Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills through Teaching and Learning by Inquiry-based Learning Activities Using Social Network and Cloud Computing. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.013 

The Study of Educational Psychology (2022).  The Nature of Teaching. Accessed on 15 February 2022, from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/edpsy/chapter/the-nature-of-teaching/ 

The University of Sheffield (2019). Critical Thinking. Accessed on 26 September 2019 from: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ssid/301/study-skills/everyday-skills/critical­thinking. 

Touhill, L. (2012). Inquiry-based Learning. National Quality Standards Professional Learning Program. Accessed on 12 October September 2013, from: http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/nqsplp/wp­oads/2012/10/NQS_PLP_E-Newsletter_No45.pdf 

Turner, D. ( 2020, July 3). Open and Axial Coding in Qualitative Software. Retrieved from Quirkos Blog: https://www.quirkos.com/blog/post/open-and-axial­coding-qualitative-software# 

Uçar, F. M., & Sungur, S. (2017). Theroleof perceived classroom goal structures, self-efficacy, and engagementin student scienceachievement. Research in Science and Technological Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2017.1278684 

ÜLGER, K. (2016). TheRelationship between Creative Thinking and Critical   thinking Skills of Students. Accessed on 26 January 2022 from: http://www.efdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/upload/files/3282-revised-manuscript.pdf 

Valentine, J. C., Pigott, T. D., & Rothstein, H. R. (2010). How many studies do you need? A primer on statistical power for meta-analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 35(2), 215–247. https://doi.org/10.3102/1076998609346961 

van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987). https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.06.16.40.33.c3214 

Velle, L. l. (2020). The Challenges for Teacher Education in the 21st Century: urgency, complexity and timeliness. Journal of Education for Teaching-International Research and Pedagogy, 1-3. 

Voet, M., & Wever, B. De. (2019). Teachers ’ Adoption of Inquiry-Based Learning Activities : The Importance of Beliefs About Education , the Self , and the Context, (October). https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487117751399 

Walker, C. L., & Shore, B. M. (2015). Understanding classroom roles in inquiry education: Linking role theory and social constructivism to the concept of role diversification. SAGE Open, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015607584 

Wan Harun, Y. (2008).  Pendidikan Guru di Malaysia:  Perkembangan dan Perubahan Kurikulum Ilmu Pendidikan di Maktab Perguruan, Tahun 1957 Hingga 1986. Unpublished dissertation.  Bachelor of Education. Universiti Sains Malaysia.  

Walraven, C. V. (2017). The Benefits of Reflective Journal Writing. Accessed on 28 April 2022, from: https://teachingblog.mcgill.ca/2017/04/11/the-benefits-of-reflective-journal­writing/ 

Wells, G., & Arauz, R. M. (2006). Dialogue in the Classroom. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(3), 379–428. 

Western Governors University (2020).  Five Educational Learning Theories. Accessed on 28 February 2022, from: 

https://www.wgu.edu 

Wilson, E. (2014). Learning to teach. Accessed on 22 January 2022, from 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257329997_Learning_to_teach 

Wright, T. (2010).  Second language teacher education:  Review of recent research on practice. Accessed on 20 December 2014, from 

http://www.reflectiveinquiry.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/teacher-ed-state­of-the-art.pdf. 

Yin, K.R. (2011).  Case study research. Design and method. (3rd ed). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. 

Yin, K.R. (2018).  Case Study Research and Applications. Design and Methods. (6th ed). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. 

Yin, J. (2019). Connecting theory and practice in teacher education: English-as-a­foreign-language pre-service teachers’ perceptions of practicum experience. Retrieved from Innovation and Education: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42862-019­0003-z 

Yourn, B. R. (2000). Learning to teach: Perspectives from beginning music teachers. Music Education Research, 2(2), 181-192. 

Zahidi, M. A. (2014). Failure Factors of Teaching English as a Second Language Students in teaching Graduate Programme at Institute of Teacher Education. American Journal of Educational Research, 2014 2 (10), , pp 850-855. 

Zuraidah, M.D. & Mardziah, H. A. (2019). WHAT THE CEFR IS AND ISN’T Retrieved from Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia: https://www.moe.gov.my/en/menumedia/printed-media/newspaper­clippings/what-the-cefr-is-and-isn-t-free-malaysia-today-27-mei-2019