Aarons, A., Hawes, H., & Gayton, J. (1979). Approaches to learning and   teaching.   Child-to-Child, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16130-0_2. 

 

Abadikhah, S., & Valipour, M. (2018). The effect of self-transcription and expert scaffolding on the accuracy of oral production of EFL learners. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1), 149–166. 

 

Abda, K. (2017). Assessing the Factors That Affect Teaching Speaking Skills: The Case of Robe Teachers’ College, English Department Second Year Students. International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies. 

 

Abdolmanafi-Rokni, S. J. (2014). Digital Storytelling in EFL Classrooms: The Effect on the Oral Performance. International Journal of Language and Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20140204.12. 

 

Abrahamson, C. (1998). Storytelling as a Pedagogical Too in Higher Education. Academic Journal Article Education, 118. https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-20494609/storytelling-as-a-pedagogical-tool-in-higher-education 

 

Adams et al., (2015). Effectiveness and acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasi-mandatory schemes for increasing uptake of vaccinations in preschool children: Systematic review, qualitative study and discrete choice experiment. In Health Technology Assessment (Vol. 19, Issue 94). https://doi.org/10.3310/hta19940. 

 

Adani, S., & Cepanec, M. (2019). Sex differences in early communication development: Behavioral and neurobiological indicators of more vulnerable communication system development in boys. Croatian Medical Journal, 60(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2019.60.141. 

 

Adriana, R., Melendez, M., Gandy, M., Zavala, G. Q., & Mendez, R. F. (2014). Teaching Speaking Strategies To Beginners. European Scientific Journal. 

 

Agustina, F. (2019). Improving students’ speaking ability through stirytelling technique at second grade of SMPN 19 Bandar Lampung. University of Lampung. 

 

Al Othman, F. H. M., & Shuqair, K. M. (2013). The Impact of Motivation on English Language Learning in the Gulf States. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v2n4p123 

 

Albusaidi, S. (2019). Using Activity Theory to Explain How a Student Learns in an Internationalised Classroom from a Sociocultural Perspective. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(6), 1142. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1006.02. 

 

Aleksandrzak, M. (2011). Problems and challenges in teaching and learning speaking at advanced level. Glottodidactica (Poznan). https://doi.org/10.14746/gl.2011.37.3. 

 

Allen, E., & Seaman, C. (2007). Statistics roundtable: Likert Scales and data analyses. In Quality Progress (Vol. 40, Issue 7, pp. 1–3). http://asq.org/quality-progress/2007/07/statistics/likert-scales-and-data-analyses.html%0Ahttp://mail.asq.org/quality-progress/2007/07/statistics/likert-scales-and-data-analyses.html 

 

Allo, M. D. G., & Priawan, A. (2019). Students’ Self-Confidence in Speaking Skill. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran. https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.2.1.2019.1263. 

 

Allwright. D., & B. K. . (1991). Focus on language classroom: An introduction to classroom research for language teachers. Cambridge University Press. 

 

Alterio, M. (2004). Using storytelling to enhance student learning. The Higher Education Academy. 

 

Amandeep, & Robin. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests. Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, 6(6), 336–342. www.compmath-journal.org 

 

An, Y.-J., & Cao, L. (2014). Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Scaffolding on Students’ Design Problem Solving and Metacognitive Skills in an Online Environment. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching. 

 

Anandari, C. L. (2015). Indonesian Efl Students’ Anxiety in Speech Production: Possible Causes and Remedy. Teflin Journal - A Publication on the Teaching and Learning of English. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v26i1/1-16 

 

Angrosino, M. (2007). Recontextualizing observation. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, 161–184. 

 

Anjaniputra, A. G. (2013). Teacher’s Strategies in Teaching Speaking To Students At Secondary Level. Journal of English and Education. 

 

Ariyanti, A. (2016). Psychological Factors Affecting EFL Students’ Speaking Performance. ASIAN TEFL Journal of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21462/asiantefl.v1i1.14 

 

Armstrong, S. (2003). The Power of stirytelling in education, un Snapshots, ed. by S Armstrong. Snapshots! Educational insights from the Thorburg Centre. 

 

Arshavskaya, E. (2014). Analyzing mediation in dialogic exchanges in a pre-service second language (L2) teacher practicum blog: A sociocultural perspective. System, 45(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.05.007 

 

Asakereh, A., & Afshar, H. S. (2016). Speaking skills problems encountered by Iranian EFL freshmen and seniors from their own and their english instructors’ perspectives. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. 

 

Asassfeh, S. M., Al-Shaboul, Y. M., Zuraiq, W., & Alshboul, S. (2011). Lending ears to EFL learners: Language difficulties. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1375/aedp.28.1.33 

 

Barrett, H. C. (2006). Digital Stories in ePortfolios: Multiple Purposes and Tools. http://electronicportfolios.org/digistory/purposesmac.html 

 

Barrett, T., & Webster, P. (2017). Making Picture as a Method of Teaching Art History. International Journal of Education & the Art, 18(19), 1–24. 

 

Barthes, R. (1977). Image, music, text. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Cricism, 37, 220. 

 

Basic, L. (2011). Speaking anxiety. Masters Thesis. 

 

Bean, T. W., & Stevens, L. P. (2002). Scaffolding Reflection for Preservice and Inservice Teachers. Reflective Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623940220142343 

 

Behmer, S. (2005). Literature review digital storytelling: Examining the process with middle school students. 

 

Berk, R. (2009). Teaching strategies for the net generation. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal, 3(2), 1–23. 

 

Berns, M. S. (1983). Functional approaches to language and language teaching: another look (No. 4; 278 227). 

 

Bettney, E. (2017). Research Articles A picture is worth a thousand words : Portraying language learning experiences in a bilingual school in Honduras 1 Una imagen vale más que mil palabras : retratar experiencias de aprendizaje de idiomas en una escuela bilingüe en Honduras. 19(2), 177–192. 

 

Bliss, J., Askew, M., & Macrae, S. (1996). Effective teaching and learning: Scaffolding revisited. Oxford Review of Education, 22(1), 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498960220103 

 

Boneva, D., & Mihova, E. (2012). Module 8 - Learning Styles and Learning Preferences. Dyslang Project. http://dyscovery.research.southwales.ac.uk/media/files/documents/2014-01-16/Module_8.pdf 

 

Boonkit, K. (2010). Enhancing the development of speaking skills for non-native speakers of English. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1305–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.191 

Bowden & Beukelman. (1988). Rate, accuracy, and massage flexibility: case studies in communication augmentation strategies. Grune & Sutton. 

 

Brannen, J. (2005). Mixing methods: The entry of qualitative and quantitative approaches into the research process. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570500154642 

 

Brookfiels, S. (1997). Focus on speaking. Jossey-Bass. 

 

Brown, H. . (2007). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy ((2nd ed)). Longman. 

 

Brown, H. D. (2000). Teaching by Principles. Longman. 

 

Brown, S. (2010). Likert Scale Examples for Surveys. Iowa State University, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0508 

 

Brumfit, C. (1991). The practice of communicative teaching. Pergamon Press. 

 

Bryman, Alan & Teevan, J. . (2005). Social Research Methods (Canadian E). Oxford University Press. 

 

Bryman, A. (2003). Quantity and Quality in Social Research. In Quantity and Quality in Social Research. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203410028 

 

Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done? Qualitative Research, 6(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794106058877 

 

Burnett et al, C. M. (2004). Teaching Englis 3-11 The essential guide. Continuum. 

 

Burns & Joyce. (1997). Focus on speaking. National centre for English language teaching and research. 

 

Byatt, A. (2000). Identity and cultural memory in the fiction of A. S. Byatt knitting the net of culture. Palgrave Macmilan. 

 

Bygate, M. (1998). Theoretical perspectives on speaking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20–42. 

 

Byrnes, J. P. (2001). Cognitive development and learning in instructional contexts (2nd ed) (Needham He). Allyn and Bacon. 

 

Liu., Cheng.,  and C. W. H. (2011). The effect of simulation games on the learning of computational problem solving. Computers & Education, 3(57), 1907–1918. 

 

Cajina, Estela., and Carcamo, L. (2006). How motivation influence the learning English as a foreign language. Managua. 

 

Cambridge University. (2001). Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (D. Carter, R & Nunan (Ed.)). Cambridge Unives. 

 

Campbell, DT., Stanley, J. (1984). Experimental and quasi-experimental design for research. In Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews (Vol. 29, Issue 4). Houghton Mifflin Company Boston. https://doi.org/10.1037/022808 

 

Canals, L. (2017). Instruments for gathering data. Qualitative Approaches to Research on Plurilingual Education / Enfocaments Qualitatius per a La Recerca En Educació Plurilingüe / Enfoques Cualitativos Para La Investigación En Educación Plurilingüe, 390–401. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2017.emmd2016.637 

 

Caracelli, V. J., & Greene, J. C. (1993). Data Analysis Strategies for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737015002195 

 

Chaiklin, S. (2003). The Zone of Proximal Development in Vygotsky’s Analysis of Learning and Instruction. In Vygotsky’s Educational Theory in Cultural Context (pp. 39–64). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840975.004 

 

Chastain, K. (2018). Developing Second Language Skills : Theory to Paractice (Second Edi). Houghton Mifflin Company. 

 

Cheepen, C. M. (1990). Spoken English: a practical guide. Printer Publisher. 

 

Chesla, E. (2000). R Ead B Etter ,. In World Wide Web Internet And Web Information Systems (Second Edi). Learning Express. https://doi.org/https://book4you.org/book/2282928/4209ca 

 

Chiang, M. H. (2008). Effects of fieldwork experience on empowering prospective foreign language teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(5), 1270–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2007.05.004 

 

Chou, M. H. (2018). Speaking Anxiety and Strategy Use for Learning English as a Foreign Language in Full and Partial English-Medium Instruction Contexts. TESOL Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.455 

 

Chun, D., Smith, B., & Kern, R. (2016). Technology in Language Use, Language Teaching, and Language Learning. Modern Language Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12302 

 

Clearfield, M. W., & Nelson, N. M. (2006). Sex differences in mothers’ speech and play behavior with 6-, 9-, and 14-month-old infants. Sex Roles, 54(1–2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-8874-1 

 

Clifford, V., Rhodes, A., & Paxton, G. (2014). Learning difficulties or learning English difficulties? Additional language acquisition: An update for 

paediatricians. In Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12396 

 

Coffey, A., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategie. Sage. 

 

Cohen, A. (1998). Strategies in learning and sing a second language. Longman. 

 

Cole, M., & Cole, S. (2001). The development of children (4th Ed). Scientific American Books. Distributed by W.N Freeman and Company Daniles, H. (2001). Vygotsky and Pedagogy. NY: Routledge/Falmer. 

 

Cole, M. (1996). Cultural Psychology: a once and future discipline. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53, Issue 9). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 

 

Copeland, A. (2017). The Pros and Cons of Open and Closed Questions Closed Questions Usually Start With. http://environment.uwaterloo.ca/research/watgreen/projects/library/1020/ocq.html 

 

Cornbleet, S. (2002). The Language of Speech and Writing. In The Language of Speech and Writing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203221525 

 

Coxon, A. P. M. (2005). Integrating qualitative and quantitative data: What does the user need? Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-6.2.463 

 

Creswell, J. W. (2009a). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. In New Directions for Teaching and Learning (Third Edit, Vol. 2017). Sage publication Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20234 

 

Creswell, J. W. (2009b). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed., Vol. 35, Issue 2). CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203093917 

 

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approach (Fourth). Sage publication Inc. 

 

Criystal, D. (2003). English as Global Language (2nd Ed). Cambridge University Press. 

 

Crosby, R., DiClemente, R., & Salazar, L. (2006). Conducting Observational Research. Research Methods in Health Promotion, 107–128. 

 

Cullen, B. (1998). Brainstorming before speaking tasks. The Internet TESL 1. 

 

Daves, A. (2002). Dictionary of language testing. Foreign language teaching and researching press. 

Davies, A. (2007). Storytelling in the classroom. Enhancing oral skills for teachers and pupils. Paul Chapman Publishing. 

 

Davin, K. J., & Troyan, F. J. (2005). The implementation of high-leverage teaching practices: From the University classroom to the field site. Foreign Language Annals, 48(1), 124–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12124 

 

Derakhshan, A., Khalili, A. N., & Beheshti, F. (2016). Developing EFL Learner’s Speaking Ability, Accuracy and Fluency. English Language and Literature Studies. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n2p177 

 

Dewalt, K. M & Dewalt, B. R. (1998). No TitleParticipant observation. In H. Russell Bernard (ed), Handbook of method in cultural antropology. AltaMitra Press. 

 

Dilshad, M., & Ahmed, Z. (2019). Impact of Students ’ Motivation for Learning English on their Achievement at Secondary Level Abstract : (Vol. 39, Issue 2, pp. 689–696). 

 

Djoni, D. (2019). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill Through Predicting With Storytelling at Grade XI/Social Science SMAN 10 Bukit Barisan Pekanbaru. ELT-Lectura. https://doi.org/10.31849/elt-lectura.v6i1.2240 

 

Dogruer, N., Menevis, I., & Eyyam, R. (2010). EFL Teachers’ beliefs on learning English and their teaching styles. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.015 

 

Elftorp, F. (2007). How to Improve Students ’ Writing and Speaking Skills. How to Improve Students Writing and Speaking Ability. 

Ellis, G. A. (2014). Tell it again! The storytelling handbook for primary English language teachers. British Council. 

 

Eriksson, M., Marschik, P. B., Tulviste, T., Almgren, M., Pérez Pereira, M., Wehberg, S., Marjanovic-Umek, L., Gayraud, F., Kovacevic, M., & Gallego, C. (2012). Differences between girls and boys in emerging language skills: Evidence from 10 language communities. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 30(2), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02042.x 

 

Essays, U. (n.d.). Role Play In English Language Teaching. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/role-play-in-english-language-teaching-english-language-essay.php?vref=1 

 

Fazal, S., Majoka, M. I., & Ahmad, M. (2016). Integration of Grammar Translation Method with Communicative Approach: A Research Synthesis. In International Research Journal of Arts and Humanities (Vol. 44, pp. 121–130). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1869030362/fulltextPDF/DB87C48F7C0E4299PQ/18?accountid=38628 

 

Field, A. P. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage publication Inc. 

 

Foster, S. (2007). Examples of Learning Styles. 1–2. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/documents/childhood/professionals/support/egsls.pdf%0Ahttp://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/professionals/support/egsls.pdf 

 

Frazel, M. (2010). Digital storytelling guide for educators. International Society for Technology in Education. 

 

Frazier, S., & Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. TESOL Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587655 

 

Freeman & Anderson. (2011). Language teacher education. The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 32(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203835654 

 

Gans, H. J. (1999). Participant observation in the era of “Ethnography.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 28(5), 540–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124199129023532 

 

Gattegno, C. (1976). The common sense of teaching foreign languages. Educational Solution. 

Gibbons, J. A., Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1986). Ethnography: Principles in Practice. In Contemporary Sociology (Vol. 15, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/2070079 

 

Gibbons, P. (2015). Scaffolding language scaffolding learning. In Scaffolding language and learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02041959 

 

Goh, C. CM. & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching Speaking a Holistic Approach. Cambridge University Press. 

 

Golombek, P. R., & Johnson, K. E. (2004). Narrative inquiry as a mediational space: Examining emotional and cognitive dissonance in second-language teachers’ development. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 10(3), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354060042000204388 

 

Greene, J. C., Benjamin, L., & Goodyear, L. (2001). The Merits of mixing methods in evaluation. 7(1), 25–44. https://sci-hub.tw/10.1177/13563890122209504 

 

Greene, J. C. (2008). Is mixed methods social inquiry a distinctive methodology? Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689807309969 

 

Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-Method Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737011003255 

 

Grugeon, E. & P. (2000). The art of storytelling for teachers and pupils. Curtin University. 

 

Gumelar, R. E. (2018). The Effect of Teaching Techniques (Storytelling and Show-and-Tell) and Students’ Personality on Students’ Speaking Skill. Journal of English Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.30653/005.201811.9 

 

Hadijah, S. (2014). Investing the Problems of English Speaking of Islamic Boarding School Program at Stain Samarinda. Dinamika Ilmu: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(2), 240–247. http://journal.iain-samarinda.ac.id/index.php/dinamika_ilmu/article/view/16/pdf_17%0Ahttps://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://journal.iain-samarinda.ac.id/index.php/dinamika_ilmu/article/viewFile/16/pdf_17 

 

Haidara, Y. (2016). Psychological Factor Affecting English Speaking Performance for the English Learners in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(7), 1501–1505. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040701 

 

Hammersley, M. (1996). The relationship between qualitative and quantitative research: Paradigm loyalty versus methodological eclecticism. Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for Psychology and the Social Sciences, November 1993, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.1088 

 

Hanlon, B., & Larget, B. (2011). Sex and Older Women Samples And Populations. Statistics Wisconsin University Journal, 8(9), 6. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v5-i2/1481 

 

Hardy, B., Web, T. C., & Spencer, M. M. (2011). “ Narrative is a Primary Act of the Mind .” September, 1–8. 

 

Harmer, J. (1998). The practice of language teaching. Pearson. 

 

Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. In ELT Journal (Third Edit, Vol. 57, Issue 4). Longman. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/57.4.401 

 

Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching. Longman. 

 

Harpe, S. E. (2015). How to analyze Likert and other rating scale data. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 7(6), 836–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2015.08.001 

 

Harris, A. D., Bradham, D. D., Baumgarten, M., Zuckerman, I. H., Fink, J. C., & Perencevich, E. N. (2004). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in infectious diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 38(11), 1586–1591. https://doi.org/10.1086/420936 

 

Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749 

 

Hastjarjo, T. D. (2019). Rancangan Eksperimen-Kuasi. Buletin Psikologi, 27(2), 187. 

https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.38619 

 

Hatch, M. E. (1978). Second language acquisition. Jouse Publishers. 

 

Haven, K & Ducey, M. (2007). Crash Course in Storytelling. In Reference & User Services Quarterly (Vol. 47, Issue 2). Libraries Unlimited. https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.47n2.188.2 

 

Hermkes, R., Mach, H., & Minnameier, G. (2018). Interaction-based coding of scaffolding processes. Learning and Instruction, 54, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.09.003 

 

Hill, D. A. (1990). Visual Impact: Creative language learning through pictures. Longman Group UK limited. 

 

Holton, D., & Clarke, D. (2006). Scaffolding and metacognition. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207390500285818 

 

Hoskin, T. (2010). Parametric and nonparametric: demystifying the terms. Ctsa.Mayo.Edu, 1–5. http://ctsa.mayo.edu/resources/upload/berd-5-6.pdf 

 

Hosni, S. Al. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking That Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. 

 

Hossain, M. A. (2018). Difficulties of Learning English Language at the Secondary Level: A Case Study of Thakurgaon District. Journal of Education and Training, 5(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.5296/jet.v5i2.13500 

 

Hsu, Y. S., Lai, T. L., & Hsu, W. H. (2015). A Design Model of Distributed Scaffolding for Inquiry-Based Learning. Research in Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9421-2 

 

Huda, N. (2020). Kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa asing (The position and function of foreign language). Risalah Seminar Politik Bahasa (Language Politics: Procedings of the Seminar on Language Politics), 59–78. 

 

Hughes, R. (2011). Teaching and Researching: Speaking. In Teaching and Researching: Speaking. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315833736 

 

Ikramuddin, R. (2017). Using Story telling technique to improve speaking ability (Classroom action research on the second grade students of Insan Qur’ani borading school). Ar-Raniry State Islamic University. 

 

Inayah, R. (2005). Improving Students’ speaking skill through storytelling technique (an experimental study in a senior high school in Bandung). ELTIN Journal, 3 (1) 25. 

 

Isman, P. D. A. (2014). Turkish Online Journal of Turkish Online. Online Journal, 13(2). 

 

Jahbel, K. (2017). International Journal of English and Education Factors affecting students ’ speaking performance at High Schools in Malang. International Journal of English and Education. 

 

Jang, E. E., McDougall, D. E., Pollon, D., Herbert, M., & Russell, P. (2008). Integrative mixed methods data analytic strategies in research on school success in challenging circumstances. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(3), 221–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689808315323 

 

Januarty, R., Asib, A., & Suparno, S. (2018). Junior High School Students’ Internal and External Problems in Speaking: A Preliminary Study of Implementing Shadowing Technique to Improve Students’ Speaking Skills. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i4.151 

 

Jenkins, J. (2003). World Englishes: A resources book for students. Routledge. 

 

Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 602. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392366 

 

Johnson, K. (1996). Language teaching and skill learning. Blackwell. 

 

Johnson, K. (2009). Second Language Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Perspective. In The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203805640 

 

Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014 

 

Joseph, R. (2000). The evolution of sex differences in language, sexuality, and visual- spatial skills. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29(1), 35–66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001834404611 

 

Joughin, G. (2010). A Short guide to oral assesment. Leeds Metropolitan University. 

 

Kajder, S. B. (2004). Enter Here: Personal Narrative and Digital Storytelling. The English Journal, 93(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.2307/4128811 

 

Kawulich, B. (2014). Collecting Data Through Observation. Katalog BPS, XXXIII(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2 

 

Kayi, H. (2006). Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal. 

 

Kern, R., Ware, P., & Warschauer, M. (2016). Network-Based Language Teaching. In Second and Foreign Language Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02323-6_30-1 

 

Khaerana, A. S. A., & Nurdin, N. N. (2018). The Effectiveness of Story Telling and Story Reading Methods In Teaching Speaking. Eternal (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 4(2), 181. https://doi.org/10.24252/Eternal.V42.2018.A4 

 

Khamkhien, A. (2010). Teaching English Speaking and English Speaking Tests in the Thai Context: A Reflection from Thai Perspective. English Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v3n1p184 

 

Khan, H. R. (2007). Problems of Oral Communication in English among Bangladeshi Students. Vol l Journal. http://dspace.ewubd.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/326/Harunur_Rashid_Khan.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 

 

Khan, N., & Ali, A. (2010). Improving the speaking ability in English: The students’ perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3575–3579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.554 

 

Kim, S. (2014). Developing autonomous learning for oral proficiency using digital storytelling. Language Learning and Technology. 

 

Kim, T. K. (2015). T test a as a parametric statistic. Korean Journal Pf Anesthesiology, Table 2, 167–206. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315686875-6 

 

Komaria. (1998). The history of English teaching in Indonesia. Atma Jaya Chatolic University Jakarta. 

 

Kozulin, A. (2015). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 25, 322–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23094-8 

 

Kozulin, A., Gindis, B., Ageyev, V. S., & Miller, S. M. (2003). Introduction: Sociocultural theory and education: Students, teachers, and knowledge. Vygotsky’s Educational Theory in Cultural Context. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840975.002 

 

Kumar, K. (2005). Research methodology a step by step guide for beginners. Sage Publications. 

 

Lambert, W. E., Genesee, F., Holobow, N., & Chartrand, L. (1993). Bilingual education for majority english-speaking children. European Journal of Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172860 

 

Lantolf, J. P., & Aljaafreh, A. (1995). Second language learning in the zone of proximal development: A revolutionary experience. International Journal of 

Educational Research, 23(7), 619–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(96)80441-1 

 

Larsen-Freeman, D. (2011). Technique & Principles in Language Teaching. 318. 

 

Leong, L.-M., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2017a). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English Speaking Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijree.2.1.34 

 

Leong, L.-M., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2017b). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English Speaking Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 2(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijree.2.1.34 

 

Lev Vygotsky, Kozulin, A. (1986). Thought and Language - Revised Edition. In The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science (Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 351). http://www.amazon.com/Thought-Language-Lev-S-Vygotsky/dp/B00AZ83YYQ 

 

Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X99001776 

 

Li, T., & Lynch, R. (2016). The relationship between motivation for learning and academic achievement among basic and advanced level students studying Chinese as a foreign language in years 3 to 6 at Ascot International School in Bangkok, Thailand. Scholar: Human Sciences, 8(1), 1–1. http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/2181 

 

Li, W. (2011). Validity Considerations in Designing an Oral Test. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2(1), 267–269. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.1.267-269 

 

Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Achieves of Psychology, 22(140), 55. 

 

Listyani, L.-, & Kristie, L. S. (2018). Teachers’ Strategies to Improve Students’ Self-Confidence in Speaking: A Study at Two Vocational Schools in Central Borneo. Register Journal. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v11i2.139-153 

 

Littlewood, W. (2011). Communicative Language Teaching: An Expanding Concept for a Changing World. In E. Hinkel (Ed). Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 541–557). 

 

Lopez-Fernandez, O., & Molina-Azorin, J. F. (2011). The use of mixed methods research in the field of behavioural sciences. Quality and Quantity, 45(6), 1459–1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9543-9 

 

Lopez, Miguel, A. M. (2014). Participant Observation. The Continuum Companion to Anarchism. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781501301742.ch-005 

 

Mackey, A., & Gass, S, M. (2005). Second language research: methodology and design. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

 

Madey, D. l. (1982). Some Benefits of Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Program Evaluation, with Illustrations. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 4(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737004002223 

Mariani, L. (1997). Teacher support and teacher challenge in promoting learner autonomy. Perspectives: A Journal of TESOL Italy, 23(2), 1–10. http://www.learningpaths.org/papers/papersupport.htm 

 

Marriam Bashir; Muhammad Azeem; Ashiq Hussain Dogar. (2016). Factor Effecting Students ’ English Speaking Skills. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. 

 

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1989). Designing qualitative research. CA: Sage. 

 

Mathers, N., Fox, N., & Hunn, A. (2005). Using interviews in a research project. Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao/Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 26(11), 1184–1187. 

 

Maxwell, J. A. (2018). Qualitative Study. December. 

 

Maxwell, J., & Loomis, D. (2003). Mixed method design: An alternative approach. Thousand Oaks. January 2003. 

 

McConney, A., Rudd, A., & Ayres, R. (2002). Getting to the bottom line: A method for synthesizing findings within mixed-method program evaluations. American Journal of Evaluation, 23(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-2140(02)00164-9 

 

McDrury, J. (2003). NStorytelling as a theory of learning. Learning through storytelling in higher education: using reflection and experience to improve learningo Title. Kogan Page Limited. 

 

McDrury, J., & Alterio, M. (2002). Leaning through storytelling: using reflection and experience in higher education contexts. 

 

McKenzei, J. (1999). Scaffolding for success. The Educational Technology Journal, 9(42). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040327 

 

McLeod, S. (2015). Lev Vygotsky. Nursery World, 2015(23), 26–27. https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2015.23.26 

 

Megel, M. E., & Heermann, J. A. (1994). Methods of data collection. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 14(2), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13075_10 

 

Menggo, S., Suastra, I. M., Budiarsa, M., & Padmadewi, N. N. (2019). Needs Analysis of Academic-English Speaking Material in Promoting 21st Century Skills. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 739–754. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12247a 

Miguel, C. S., Rogan, F., Kilstoff, K., & Brown, D. (2006). Clinically speaking: A communication skills program for students from non-English speaking backgrounds. Nurse Education in Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2006.02.004 

 

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (1998). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook. In Biophysical Chemistry (3rd ed., Vol. 74, Issue 2). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4622(98)00172-0 

 

Miles, M.B & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oakks: Sage Publications. 

 

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Drawing Valid Meaning from Qualitative Data: Toward a Shared Craft. Educational Researcher, 13(5), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X013005020 

 

Miller, E. (2009). Digital Storytelling in Department of Curriculum and Instruction. University of Northen lowa. 

 

Mitchell, R., Myles, F., Marsden, E. (2014). Second Language Learning Theories. In Second Language Learning Theories (Third Edit). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203770658 

 

Morell, L. (n.d.). Linda Morell. 3(1), 1–23. 

 

Morgan, D. L. (1998). Practical strategies for combining qualitative and quantitative methods: Applications to health research. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), 362–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973239800800307 

 

Moseley, C., Gdovin, R., & Jones, K. (2013). The Use of Digital Storytelling in Exploring Mental Models of Science Teachers. Electronic Journal of  …, 17(1). http://ejse.southwestern.edu/article/download/11266/8112 

 

Murphy, M. (2016). Population definitions for comparative surveys in education. Australian Council for Educational Research, January, 33. 

 

Nairne, D. C., & Thren, J. (2017). Storytelling : A Unique Approach to Developing Partnerships with Students. The Vermons Connection, 38, 115–123. 

 

Nation, P., & Newton, J. (2008). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. In Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203891704 

 

Neu & Reeser. (1997). Using information gap activities in the second language classroom. http://www.caslt.org/print/gapp.htm 

 

Newton, J. M., & Nation, I. S. P. (2020). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. In Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203114 

Ngeow, K. Y.-H. (1998). ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading English and Communication Bloomington. Digest, 138. http://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/motivation.htm 

 

Normann, A. (2011). Digital Storytelling in second language learning, in Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 

 

Northern Illinois University, F. D. and I. D. C. (2008). Instructional Scaffolding to Improve Learning. Spectrum, 1–6. 

 

Nunan, D. (1998). Second language teaching learning. Heinle ELT. 

 

Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English language teaching. McGraw-Hill. 

 

Ohler, J. (2006). Digital Storytelling in the classroom. Educational Leadership, 63(4), 44–47. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ745475&site=ehost-live&scope=cite 

 

Okano et al., (2006). The Use and Int. J Am Med Inform Assoc., 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749.Background 

 

Oluwtayo, J. (2012). Validity and reliability issues in educational research. Journal of Education and Social Research, 391–400. 

 

Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal, 78, 12–28. 

 

Ozcelik, E., Cagiltay, N. E., & Ozcelik, N. S. (2013). The effect of uncertainty on learning in game-like environments. Computers and Education, 67, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.009 

 

Paradis, E., O’Brien, B., Nimmon, L., Bandiera, G., & Martimianakis, M. A. T. (2016). Design: Selection of Data Collection Methods. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8(2), 263–264. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-16-00098.1 

 

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed). Sage. 

 

Pearson, B. Z., Conner, T., & Jackson, J. E. (2013). Removing obstacles for African American English-speaking children through greater understanding of language difference. In Developmental psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028248 

 

Pembentukkan Badan Koordinasi Sertifikasi Profesi - BKSP. (2006). 

 

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (1990). PP Nomor 28 Tahun 1990 tentang Pendidikan Dasar. 1–21. 

 

Pennock-Speck, B. and C. G.-S. (2007). Online Reading Comprehension in English 

for Spanish University Students: Student and Teacher Strategies. In Proceedings of the 30th Internationa l AEDEAN Conference, Ed. by María Losada Friend, Pilar Ron Vaz, Sonia Hernández Santano & Jorge Casanova. Huel. 

 

Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Republik Indonesia Nomor 22. (2006). 1–48. 

 

Podolskij, A. I. (2012). Zone of Proximal Development. Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, January 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6 

 

Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2011). Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic Learning Styles and Their Impacts on English Language Teaching. Journal of Studies in Education, 2(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v2i1.1007 

 

Raptou, V. (2001). Using Information Gap Activities in the Second language classroom. Canadian Association of Second Language Teachers. http://www.caslt.org/ 

 

Razaghi, M., Bagheri, M. S., & Yamini, M. (2019). The impact of cognitive scaffolding on Iranian EFL learners’ speaking skill. International Journal of Instruction, 12(4), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.1247a 

 

Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital storytelling: A powerful technology tool for the 21st century classroom. Theory into practice. The Ohio State University. 

Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital storytelling: a powerful technology tool for the 21st century classroom. Theory into pract (pp. 220–228). 

 

Robin, B. R. (2016). The power of digital storytelling to support teaching and learning. Digital Education Review, 30, 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1344/der.2016.30.17-29 

 

Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. In Korean Journal of Medical Education (1st ed., Vol. 21, Issue 2). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2009.21.2.197 

 

Ropi, I. (2017). Religion and Regulation in. UIN Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2827-4 

 

Rositari, I. (2017). The Use of Digital Storytelling To Improve Students ’ Speaking Skills in Retelling Story the Use of Digital Storytelling To Improve Students ’ Speaking Skills in Retelling Story. 

 

Rossiter, M., & Garcia, P. A. (2010). Digital storytellng a new player on the narrative field. New Directions for adult and continuing education (pp. 37–48). 

 

Rossman, G. B., & Wilson, B. L. (1985). Numbers and words: Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in a Single Large-Scale Evaluation Study. Evaluation Review, 9(5), 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841X8500900505 

 

Rusdiningsih. (2012). a Study on the Techniques for Teaching Speaking To the Second Year Students of Smp N 1 Trangkil School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta a Study on the Techniques for Teaching Speaking To the Second Year Students of Sm. 

 

Sadik, A. (2008). Digital storytelling: A meaningful technology-integrated approach for engaged student learning. In Educational Technology Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-008-9091-8 

 

Saeed, K. M., Khaksari, M., Eng, L. S., & Ghani, A. M. A. (2016). The Role of Learner-learner Interaction in the Development of Speaking Skills. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0602.03 

 

Samantaray, P. (2014). Use of Story Telling Method to Develop Spoken English Skill. International Journal of Language & Linguistics. 

Sarudin, I. H., Zubairi, A. M., & Ali, A. M. (2009). A Comparative Analysis of Engineering Students’ Problems in Speaking and Writing. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Teaching and Learning. 

 

Schank, R. (1990). Tell me story. Scribner. 

 

Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017). Wie man ein Mixed Methods-Forschungs-Design konstruiert. Kolner Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie Und Sozialpsychologie, 69, 107–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1 

 

Scott, J. W. (2011). Storytelling. 50(1), 203–209. 

 

Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching (Second Edi). Macmillan Books for Teachers. 

 

Sembiring, N., & Ginting, F. Y. A. (2019). Improving Students’ Speaking Achievement by Using Storytelling Technique. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.505 

 

Shabani, K., Khatib, M., & Ebadi, S. (2010). Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development: Instructional Implications and Teachers’ Professional Development. English Language Teaching, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v3n4p237 

 

Sheskin, D. J., & Crc, H. (2004). Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures. Technometrics, 46(3), 369–370. https://doi.org/10.1198/tech.2004.s209 

 

Signes, C. G. (2010). Practical Uses Of Digital Storytelling. Universitat de Valencia, January 2010, 10. http://www.uv.es/gregoric/digitalstorytelling/DS_files/DST_15_ene_08_final.pdf 

 

Sitorus, C. R. G. (2018). The Application of Storytelling: A Solution to Overcome the Students’ Speaking Problem. JET (Journal of English Teaching). https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v4i1.786 

 

Smagorinsky, P. (1995). The Social Construction of Data: Methodological Problems of Investigating Learning in the Zone of Proximal Development. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 65, Issue 3, pp. 191–212). https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543065003191 

 

Smagorinsky, P. (2013). The development of social and practical concepts in learning to teach: A synthesis and extension of Vygotsky’s conception. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 2(4), 238–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2013.07.003 

 

Smagorinsky, P. (2018). Deconflating the ZPD and instructional scaffolding: Retranslating and reconceiving the zone of proximal development as the zone of next development. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 16(October 2017), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2017.10.009 

 

Smagorinsky, P., Clayton, C. M., & Johnson, L. L. (2015). Distributed Scaffolding in a Service-Learning Course. Theory into Practice, 54(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2015.977665 

 

Smeda, N., Dakich, E., & Sharda, N. (2014). The effectiveness of digital storytelling in the classrooms: a comprehensive study. Smart Learning Environments, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-014-0006-3 

 

Stone, C. A. (1998). Its Utility for the Field of. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(4), 344–365. http://web.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.worc.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=3cc4fd83-3209-4134-9c8e-c85c64b81859@sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4206 

 

Strand, P. S., Pula, K., Parks, C. D., & Cerna, S. (2011). Shyness-anxiousness and receptive language skills development in Spanish- and English-speaking preschoolers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2011.06.002 

 

Sullivan, G. M., & Artino, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-5-4-18 

 

Sung, Y. T., Chang, K. E., & Liu, T. C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers and Education, 94, 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.008 

 

Swan, M. (2018). The Practice of English Language Teaching, 5th edition. In ELT Journal (Vol. 72, Issue 1, pp. 105–108). https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx060 

 

 

Swee, S., & Connie, H. (2017). Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of Storytelling as a Language Teaching and Learning Resource. 

 

Tabalajun, B. S. (2002). The Indonesian legal system: An overview. Law Library Resource Exchange (LLRX). http://www.llrx.com/features/indonesia.htm 

 

Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument ; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire / Survey in a Research Hamed Taherdoost To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-02546799 Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument ; How to Test the. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28–36. 

 

Teijilingen Van, E. R. (2001). The importance of conducting and reporting pilot stuides the example of the scottiesh British Survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 289–295. 

 

Tessmer, M. (1993). Planning and conducting formative evaluations. Routledge. 

 

Thorbury. (2005). How to teach speaking. Person Educational Limited. 

 

Thornbury, S., & Scott, T. (2012). How to Teach Speaking - Scott Thornbury. In Journal of Education and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1093/eltj/cci025. 

 

Tokoz-Goktepe, F. (2014). Speaking Problems of 9 th Grade High School Turkish Learners of L2 English and Possible Reasons for those Problems: Exploring the Teachers and Students’ Perspectives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1875–1879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.487 

 

Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 5, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158 

 

Torres-Velásquez, D. (2000). Sociocultural Theory. Remedial and Special Education, 21(2), 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193250002100201 

 

Tse, S. K., Chan, C., Kwong, S. M., & Li, H. (2002). Sex differences in syntactic development: Evidence from Cantonese-speaking preschoolers in Hong Kong. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6), 509–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000463 

Tuff, K., & Tuff, T. (2012). Introduction to population demographics. Nature Education Knowledge, 3, 3. 

 

Ugoni, A., & Walker, B. (1995). THE t TEST: An Introduction. 4. 

 

Undang- Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. (1945). 105(3), 129–133. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BDsuQOHoCi4J:https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/9138-ID-perlindungan-hukum-terhadap-anak-dari-konten-berbahaya-dalam-media-cetak-dan-ele.pdf+&cd=3&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id 

Undang-Undang 1950 No.4 - Undang Undang Tentang Dasar Dasar Pendidikandan Pengadjaran Disekolah. (1950). 4. http://simpuh.kemenag.go.id/regulasi/uu_04_50.pdf 

 

Underhill, E. (1993). Mysticism: The nature and development of spiritual consciousness (12th Ed). Oneworld Publication. 

 

University of Arizona Military Reach. (2014). t -T ESTS A H OW -T O G UIDE. HOW-TO GUIDE-UNDERSTANDING t-TESTSA, The Arizon. 

 

Ur, P. (2013). Language-teaching method revisited. ELT Journal, 67(4), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct041 

 

Utami. (2016). Teori Konstruktivisme dan Teori Sosiokultural: Aplikasi dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Prasi, 11(01), 4–11. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/PRASI/article/download/10964/7022 

 

UU RI Nomor 2 1989. (1989). 1, 17. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/46794/uu-no-2-tahun-1989 

 

Vasileva, O., & Balyasnikova, N. (2019). (Re)introducing vygotsky’s thought: From historical overview to contemporary psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(AUG). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01515 

 

Venkatesh, V., & Brown, S. A. (2013). Guidelines for conducting mixed methods Research In Informations Systems. MIS Quarterly, X(X), 1–34. 

 

Vlachopoulos, D., & Makri, A. (2017). The effect of games and simulations on higher education: a systematic literature review. In International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education (Vol. 14, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0062-1 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Harvard University Press. 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press. 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society (E. Cole, M., Steiner, V.J., Scribner, S., Souberman (Ed.)). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJY14M06_06 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. In R. W. Rieber & A. S. Carton (eds)., The collected works of L. S Vygotsky. Vol. 1. Problem of general psychology. Plenium. 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1997). The Historical meaning of the crisis in psychology: A methodological investigation. In the collected works of L. S. Vygotsky. Vol.3 Problem of the history of psychology (pp. 233-344). R.W. Rieber & J. Wollock. Plenium. 

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1999). Vygotsky ’s Sociocultural Theory. Education Psychology for Learning, 2007, 26925. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4065-5 

 

Wales, J & Clarke, P. (2013). Learning Citizenship Practical Teaching Strategies for Secondary Schools (Issue 9). RoutledgeFalmer Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 

 

Waller, R. T. (2015). Supporting personal narrative for school children with communication disorders. 

 

Walqui, A. (2006). Scaffolding instruction for english language learners: A conceptual framework. In International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050608668639 

 

Walshe, C., Ewing, G., & Griffiths, J. (2012). Using observation as a data collection method to help understand patient and professional roles and actions in palliative care settings. Palliative Medicine, 26(8), 1048–1054. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216311432897 

 

Ware, P.D and Kramsch, C. (2005). Toward an intercultural stance: Teaching German and English through telecollaboration. The Modern Language Journal, 2(89), 190–205. 

 

Wells, G. (1999). Dialogic inquiry: Towards a sociocultural practice and theory of education. Cambridge University Press. 

 

Wertsch, J. V. (1985). Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind. United States of America. 

 

Wertsch, J. V. (1991). Voices of mind: A sociocultural approach to madiated action. Harvard University Press. 

 

White, H., & Sabarwal, S. (2014). Quasi-Experimental Design and Methods. 8. 

 

Wood, D. (1998). NoHow Children think and learn: the social contexts of cognitive development. (2nd ed) Title. Blackwell. 

 

Worms, J., & Touati, S. (2017). Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistics for Program Performance Analysis and Comparison. https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01286112v3 

 

Wright, A. (1990). Pictures for language learning. Cambridge University Press. 

 

Wright, S., O’Brien, B. C., Nimmon, L., Law, M., & Mylopoulos, M. (2016). Research Design Considerations. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8(1), 97–98. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-15-00566.1 

 

Wright, T. (1987). Roles of teachers & learners. Oxford University Press. 

 

Zare-Behtash, E., Saed, A., & Sajjadi, F. (2016). The effect of storytelling technique on speaking ability of female iranian intermediate EFL learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.1p.209 

 

Zipes, J. (2004). Speaking Out: Storytelling and Creative Drama for Children. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53, Issue 9). Rotledge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 

 

Zuhriyah, M. (2017). Storytelling to improve students’ speaking skill. English Educational: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 10(1), 119–134.