The paper discusses the development of the agricultural production model for the agricultural sector based on the model suggested by the Libyan Government underlining the country policy in promoting this sector. The development of this agricultural production model is through the method of Cobb Douglas production function. As a step of precaution, the robust partial least squares is incorporated in the Cobb Douglas production model to avoid the effect of multicollinearity and outliers in the data. The new model is known as Robust Partial Least Squares of Cobb Douglas Production Function (RPLS-CDF). This study shows that the RPLSCDF overcomes the problem in Cobb Douglas production model when multicollinearity and the outliers exist in the data as compared to the conventional method namely the log transformation. It is found that the pernicious effect of the outliers have been reduced considerably by the proposed robust estimators. Keywords Cobb Douglas Production Function, Robust Parti.....

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Tin-doped float glass samples were made by remelting the float glass with varying amounts of tin(II) oxalate (SnC2O4) under ordinary conditions. These samples mimic in terms of tin content, the tin oxide distribution found along the tin diffusion region of float glass. The effect of tin oxides (SnO and SnO2) content on thermal expansion, density, refractive index and microhardness of tin-doped float glass samples were found to be related to SnO acting as modifier oxide and SnO2 as intermediate oxide. Keyword Tin-doped float glass, modifier oxide, intermediate oxide, physical properties of float glass..

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We generalized the Kaluza-Klein theory of massive real scalar spin-0 field in five dimensions with self-interaction term _4 . Fifth coordinate undergoes compactification and periodical. In potential term, we derived the self-interaction of different modes of field with strength 2_ and the complete Lagrangian. We determined the mass of field related to their modes. We also discussed the dimensional reduction D = 5 _ D = 4 of real scalar field, where in four dimensional spacetime we just observed the five dimensional zero mode of real scalar field. Keywords Kaluza-Klein theory, real scalar spin-0 field, five dimensions..

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Ligan-ligan terbitan-terbitan berfluorin 1-fenil-3-metil-4-benzoil-5-pirazolona (HPMBP), 1-fenil-3-metil-4-(2-fluorobenzoil)-5-pirazolona(HPMoFBP),1-fenil-3-metil-4-(3- fluorobenzoil)-5-pirazolona(HPMmFBP) dan1 -fenil-3-metil-4-(4-fluorobenzoil)-5- pirazolona (HPMpFBP) telah disediakan bagi tujuan mengkaji kestabilan komplekskompleks La(III), Pr(III), Eu(III), Ga(III), Er(III) dan Lu(III). Didapati pemalar kestabilan untuk semua kompleks adalah mengikut turutan: La(III) < Pr(III) < Gd(III) < Eu (III) < Lu(III) < Er(III). Dapatan ini sepadan dengan pemecahan orbital f apabila komplekskompleks ini terbentuk. Kata kunci Pemalar kestabilan kompleks-kompleks lantanida, terbitan berfluorin 5-pirazolona...

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The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the intellectual level of application in observing and sketching skills in laboratory practical class of Biology and Agricultural Science first year student teachers at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. It was conducted to find means to improve the learning of plant anatomy by determining observing and sketching skills. A total of 40 student teachers were given monocotyledon (Zea mays) and dicotyledon (Helianthus sp.) leaf cross-section slides, which were then observed under the microscope and the images, were sketched. These skills were evaluated using two performance indicator scales data sheet modified from performance indicator scales modified from the Pentaksiran Kerja Amali Biologi SPM (PEKA) and were analysed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result of the research showed that the level of application for observing skill was moderately high (mean = 2.08, SD = 0.7), while the level of application for sketching skill was moder.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti alergen utama kepada masalah kesensitifan alergi dalam kalangan Penduduk Bandar (PB) dan Penduduk Orang Asli (POA) di Tanjong Malim, Daerah Batang Padang, Perak. Seramai 323 orang penduduk bandar dan 141 orang penduduk orang asli telah ditemu bual untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang sejarah kesensitifan mereka. Seterusnya ujian cucuk kulit telah dijalankan ke atas responden untuk mengenal pasti kesensitifan alergik mereka terhadap 45 jenis alergen. Kajian mendapati prevalens kesensitifan terhadap sekurang-kurangnya satu jenis alergen bagi PB mengatasi POA. Kesensitifan makanan didominasi oleh makanan laut (udang dan ketam) bagi kedua-dua PB dan POA. Kesensitifan inhalens yang tertinggi ialah terhadap tungau debu rumah diikuti lipas, bulu haiwan dan rumput. Reaksi kesensitifan PB kepada produk lebah lebih ketara berbanding POA. Kesensitifan inhalens seperti tungau debu rumah, lipas dan bulu haiwan dalam kalangan kanak-kanak orang asli lebih rend.....

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In this study, the in vitro tissue culture of the Sinningia speciosa callus was established at 25_1 _C with light intensity 1000 _mol m-2 sec-1 and 70-80% relative humidity with a 16/8h light/dark photoperiod. Additionally, gamma radiation of 10-60 Gy was applied and the effects of gamma rays on growth of Sinningia speciosa callus tissue were investigated. A 100% callus initiation was observed in petal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg L-1 BAP resulted in 100% callus induction after being cultured for 4 weeks. This medium was considered optimal medium for callus induction because it can produce normal growing healthy callus. Callus growth was based on callus weight and changing textures and colour of callus; determined following exposure of the calli to different doses of gamma rays. Results obtained indicated that callus growth was reduced when the dose of radiation was increased. It was found that increasing doses of gamma radi.....

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Artikel ini memperihalkan satu kajian untuk membangunkan perisian multimedia bagi kegunaan kanak-kanak disleksia. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa kanak-kanak yang menghidap disleksia bukan sahaja mempunyai masalah dalam bacaan, tulisan dan ejaan, tetapi juga matematik. Disebabkan masalah-masalah tersebut, kanak-kanak ini mempunyai motivasi yang rendah terhadap pembelajaran. Perisian kursus multimedia berkeupayaan untuk memotivasikan kanak-kanak disleksia, kerana multimedia mempunyai teknologi yang dapat menambat pelbagai modaliti deria kanak-kanak. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji dua aspek utama. Pertama, pembangunan perisian kursus multimedia (D-Matematika) yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang dapat memotivasikan literasi matematik dalam kalangan kanak-kanak yang mengidap disleksia. Yang kedua ialah melakukan satu kajian kes menilai keberkesanan penggunaan perisian D-Matematika tersebut berbanding dengan kaedah konvensional. Pembangunan D-Matematika berasaskan model Kitar Hayat Holistik Disleksia (K.....

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Rats_ activity level was monitored for 57 days continuously using a monochrome video camera with wide angle lens sensitive to infra red light. A time-lapse video cassette recorder was connected to the video camera and set at a recording resolution of 2 frames per second. Video monitoring of a single trap system provided evidence that rats are active during both day and night. Early dusk and midnight was the peak of diel activity. A comparison of the rate activity based on number of rat sightings per hour, showed there was no significant difference among time periods (ANOVA, F3,164 = 2.20, p = 0.09). The level of activity was relatively low in this study with an average of 5 sightings per day. Their direction of movement was not consistent and trapping appeared not to change rat behaviour. Keywords Rat_s activity, video surveillance, movement direction, trap..

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The Cobb-Douglas production function (Cobb and Douglas, 1928) is still today the most ubiquitous form in theoretical and empirical analyses of growth and productivity. The estimation of the parameters of aggregate production functions is central to much of today_s work on growth, technological change, productivity, and labour. Empirical estimates of aggregate production functions are a tool of analysis essential in macroeconomics, and important theoretical constructs, such as potential output, technical change, or the demand for labour, are based on them. It is usually fitted by first linearizing the models through logarithmic transformation and then applying method of least squares (Prajneshu, 2008), but the ordinary least squares (OLS) is not the best estimation method (Kahane , 2001). In statistics and econometrics, more and more attention is paid to techniques that can deal with data containing atypical observations, which can arise from outliers, miscoding, or heterogeneity and no.....

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