In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the utilization of augmented reality within educational settings. However, there is still room for improvement in early childhood education. This study aims to investigate how current augmented reality works in early childhood education between 2017 and 2022 using library research methodology. The study's content was analyzed based on the case studies on integrating augmented reality in early school education between 2017 and 2022. 26 studies were found when the keyword "Augmented Reality in early school" was used to start the study (in primary school). With a sample size of fewer than 21 kids, early literacy discovered that Science (Animals, Newton) was the most frequently used subject. Regarding data collection techniques, testing has emerged as the dominant technique in research of "marker-based" augmented reality on mobile devices. These findings help to clarify the best ways to use this technology in early learning settings. Over t.....

149 hits

Based on SNI 5015:2019, the estimation of coal resources is based on geological conditions, as well as the distance of information points for each geological condition and resource class. PT. AMNK is a coal mining company and has now started mining. The mines are divided into three blocks, north, middle, and south. Drilling activities have been carried out in the middle block, with 66 drilling points resulting in 4 main seams namely, H seam, I seam, J seam, and K seam. The average drill hole distance is 150 m. This type of coal deposit belongs to the moderate geological group characterized by the presence of a fault in the middle block. Further analysis of optimum drill hole distances is carried out as a basis for the estimation and classification of resources, which in 2024 will be used as an exploration target for the southern block. Analysis of the optimum drill hole distance based on the "relative error" value using the GEV (Global Estimation Variance) method and the size of the si.....

79 hits

There has been tremendous research progress among scientists in the development of hybrid solar cells (HSC) as green solar energy. The research aims to investigate the influence of several types of transparent conductive electrodes on the performance of fabricated HSC. Single-layer graphene (SG)-based film has been identified as a potential replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO)-based film as anode transparent conductive layer (ATCL) in HSC. In this work, we have fabricated ITO-based HSC (ISc), SG-based HSC (GSc), and heat-treated SG-based HSC (HGSc). It was observed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was significantly dependent on the types of ATCL. These significant findings are measured by Raman spectroscopy, a UVVis spectrophotometer, and a solar simulator. The HGSc possesses the best PCE of 1.960%, compared to 1.225% in the ISc, with an open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.5V, a short-circuit photocurrent density (J sc) of 11.2mAcm?2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.35. The proper.....

75 hits

Background: The original Family Resilience Scale (FRS) is a reliable tool to assess family resilience. However, the FRS is based on the United States and parental context. Thus, the usefulness of the FRS for the adolescent and young adult population in Asian countries, particularly Malaysia remains unknown. This study translated the FRS into the Malay language and validated it on Malaysian adolescents and young adults to identify its potential as a self-report tool to assess the resilience level of their family. Methods: A total of 351 participants (Mage = 19.75, SDage = 3.29) were recruited in the study using purposive sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the Family Resilience Scale-Malay (FRS-Malay) and measurement invariance between adolescents and young adults. Then, the scales reliability was investigated using Cronbachs alpha, McDonalds omega coefficients, and composite reliability index. Finally, we examined the discriminant .....

119 hits

One of the issues in manufacturing is implementing the standard for the exchange of product data-numerical control (STEP-NC) data interface model on computer numeric control (CNC) machines. The most often used STEP-NC programming techniques for this implementation are indirect, interpreted, and adaptive. Because of the ease of integration with existing control systems, the performance of the interpreted method was noticeably superior to that of the indirect and adaptive approaches. This concept has resulted in the creation of several tools, systems, designs, algorithms, and methods. In this study, a new STEP-NC implementation system has been created, in which the interpretation has been done using entity-plus string-based (double layer) for more precise data extractions, the tool paths system can create facing, pocket, drill, bore, ream, countersink, side, slot, and contour operations, the output file generation system can create output as per interpreted and hybrid programming approac.....

85 hits

The psychological aspect is essential in determining success in sports. Mental toughness is one factor that can affect athletes' psychological state during training and competition. Mental toughness can play an essential role in managing and minimizing the anxiety of athletes in competing athletes so that it can help athletes be able to show their best performance. This study aims to determine the mental toughness of student-athletes to improve achievement in sports. This type of research is survey research, using questionnaires in the data collection process. The questionnaire contains several demographic questions about respondents: age, gender, sport involved, and athlete level. Respondents in this study were student-athletes from West Sumatra with a total of 128 people, with an average age of 13-24 years, and all participants signed the free and informed consent term (ETHIC). Data collection uses a questionnaire consisting of a Mental Toughness scale. The mental toughness of studen.....

81 hits

This study was conducted to identify the critical factors that cause conflicts and division among the Muslim community in Malaysia. As the disputes among Muslims in Malaysia are acknowledged by religious scholars and national leaders to become more serious in recently, a formula for forming a more united and harmonious generation in diversity needs to be devised. Thus, the identification of the root cause of the problem and conflict mechanism can lead to religious harmony in society. This study tries to answer the question of why the phenomenon of religious conflict is formed in the Muslim community in Malaysia. This study uses a qualitative approach through a thematic analysis of transcripts from in-depth interviews. The study also conducts a systematic review of articles related to religious conflict from a social psychology perspective to support the argument. The result of the study is a model of the mechanism of religious conflict that uses a system model as the framework. Its imp.....

127 hits

This research aims to understand the art discourse that is the foundation for developing modern fine arts in Surabaya. Art discourse represents the fundamental ideas behind the creation of art-works, which are developed and dialectically discussed within the context of the art ecosystem in Surabaya. The research design is based on an analytical, historical research method with a socio-historical approach. The findings reveal the existence of continuity and change in art discourse from the Aksera generation (Academy of Fine Arts Surabaya) in the 1970s to the post-Aksera generations, namely the 1980s and 1990s generations. Three bases of art discourse emerged as the core expressions of aesthetics in modern fine arts in Surabaya during the 1970s to 1990s: 1. The discourse of nationalism (identity) underlies the art discourse of the Aksera generation; 2. The discourse of the market (commodification of art) becomes the main concern of the 1980s gen-eration; 3. The social-political discourse.....

113 hits

The quality of education is heavily influenced by the professionalism of teachers and the effectiveness of educational leadership. Previous studies have examined educational leadership, and most concentrate on the roles of principals and head teachers. There is a need to delve into a more comprehensive examination of leadership by middle leaders who served as the backbone of the educational system to improve the education quality in the country. Thus, this study aims to establish a consensus among experts regarding the construct of professional leadership competencies for middle leaders in matriculation colleges, employing the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). An instrument comprising elements related to professional leadership competencies was administered to a panel of 30 experts from diverse fields. The studys outcomes reveal the agreement among expert panels concerning the proposed constructs and elements of professional leadership competencies. All 13 elements met the condition of d ? 0......

152 hits

Background: The serious implications of asthma stem largely from inadequate control of the condition, affecting individuals with both regular and irregular physical activities. Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of Continuous Run (CR), Circuit Training (CT), and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) over a 3-month period on reducing, controlling, and improving fitness in individuals with asthma. Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental study design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The treatment involved physical exercise programs (CR, CT, and HIIT) conducted at the athletic field of Padang State University from June 2023 to August 2023. A total of 21 participants (16 males and 5 females) were recruited to participate in this research. They were chosen after meeting inclusion criteriaasthma diagnosis, physical inactivity, between 17 and 40 years old, willingness to refrain from other treatments except using an inhaler in case of relapse, and providin.....

87 hits