The computational thinking (CT) skills of students will be revised, increasing their future viewpoint in the sphere of scientific activities, notably in education interest. Game-based learning (GBL) appears to have the potential to improve students’ motivation to learn. Students’ GBL is associated with higher mathematics performance, and GBL’s strong relationship with CT may have an even larger effect. The entirety of this CT education research is focused on undergraduate classrooms; little is revealed about how GBL support CT in K-12, particularly in primary schools. This study utilized a Structural Equation Model (SEM) in modelling the relationship between CT and GBL among primary school students. A sample of 90 primary school students from Malaysia was chosen. In this study, the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was employed to develop the model. The results demonstrate that empirical evidence, coupled with prior observations verified the model develope.....

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The English curriculum is the basic part of the curriculum system of vocational higher education institutions (VHEIs) in China, and it is the public compulsory curriculum that students of all majors must study. It not only cultivates students’ ability to learn and apply English but also lays an English foundation for students’ future further learning and lifelong development. The purpose of this study is to validate the evaluation instrument for English curriculum system. This is a quantitative research and the questionnaire has adapted from previous scholars. A stratified random sampling technique has been employed to select 350 English lecturers from a total of 864 English lecturers at 20 vocational HEIs in Shandong Province, China. The results showed: i) Each dimension Clonbach alpha coefficient and McDonald’s omega (Composite reliability) are more than 0.70. ii) For the convergent validity, each item factor loading >0.5, each dimension AVE >0.5. iii) For the discriminant vali.....

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TheAsia Rugby Men's Championship (ARMC) is a well-known platform for rugby teams in the area to exhibit their abilities and compete on an international level. The tournament's physical and psychological strains on competitors may have consequences for their overall health. The purpose of this study is to look at the training load and the acute-to-chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and to evaluate the wellness on the Malaysia Rugby squad during the Asia Rugby Men's Championship 2023. The study enlisted the participa-tion  of  30  Malaysia  Rugby  squad  members.  Throughout  the  competition,  training  load  data  such  as  session  time,  session  rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and numerous wellness indicators such as fatigue, sleep quality, mood, muscular soreness, and stresslevel were thoroughly evaluated. The ACWR was determined by dividing the chronic workload rolling average by the acute workload rolling average. The data demonstrated differences in training lo.....

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Calix[n]arenes was utilized to detect PABA, the primary sunscreen component. This study investigates the interaction of calix[4]arene (C4), calix[6]arene (C6), and PABA using the Langmuir method and first-principle density functional theory (DFT). Using the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique, an ultrathin film composed of calix[n]arenes and their complexes with PABA was deposited on various substrates. Based on the Langmuir study, the PABA molecule was bonded to the lower rims of both C4 and C6 with the host-guest ratio of 1:1. All of the LS films formed were then characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur elemental analyzer (CHNS). The band gap reduction obtained in the DFT study denotes the charge transfer interaction with promising reactivity between the calix[n]arenes and PABA. The sensing of PABA by C4 and C6 is successful based on the formation of bonding between them due to the h.....

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Classroom assessment is essential for tracking students’ progress and improving teaching and learning in the classroom. However, the lack of clear documentation to guide teachers in assessing student mastery often hinders effective communication between teachers and stakeholders about the students’ progress. This study aimed to develop and test the digital classroom assessment document (CA-Do) for form one mathematics to improve classroom assessment practices. Design research and development method, based on ADDIE model, was used to create the digital CA-Do, and 55 mathematics teachers from 55 schools were sampled using stratified sampling. The data collected was then analyzed using SPSS version 27. The digital CA-Do received a satisfactory expert validity score of content validity index (1.00), and found all four tested sub-constructs (i.e., usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction of use) to be of high level. There were significant differences in teachers’ kn.....

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The current study was undertaken to investigate how fresh graduates perform in English and why they were successful, reserved, or unsuccessful in job interviews from the perspective of the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Appraisal Theory namely from the Attitude subsystem. The theory focuses on the English language proficiency of the candidates in terms of their ability to express their stances in English. A qualitative method was employed in the present study. The data of the study comprised of walk-in interview transcripts of 10 fresh graduates for the post of Administrative Officer (s). An Appraisal analysis was conducted to reveal stances for the answers to the general interview question, “How do you face challenges?” and it was used as a theme to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the Appreciation subsystem of Attitude was used predominantly by candidates who were successful. The current study is expected to advance knowledge on the performance of graduates in .....

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Shorea is a genus of about 196 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is the most important timber genus in tropical Asia and species grow in Sri Lanka, to South China, Malaysia and throughout Indonesia. Many species of this genus have localized distributions on one or only a few islands and so are particularly vulnerable to over exploitation [1]. The genus is a well-known source of oligostilbenoids as principal chemical markers [2–4]. Shorea siamensis (Miq.) Kurz locally known as ‘Temak Batu’ is a shortly deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 m in height. It is commonly found in a canopy tree of dry dipterocarp forests, especially on skeletal soils and overlying granite in Southeast Asia such as Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The bark is astringent and the decoction is used in the treatment of dysentery. Besides, the tree is a source of red resin which is used for caulking boats [5]. The plant is classified as ‘Least Co.....

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The genus Cratoxylum is a small to medium-sized tree in the Hypericaceae family. It is found mainly in peat and freshwater swamps from Southeast Asia to Celebes and the Philippines. Several Cratoxylum species were used by the local communities for their diuretic and tonic effect for the treatment of stomach aches, fevers, coughs, diarrhoea, itches, ulcers, food poisoning, and internal bleeding [1]. Most of the species of the genus are unexplored, both pharmacologically and phytochemically. Previous phytochemical investigation of Cratoxylum has resulted in the isolation of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones, anthraquinones, flavonoids and sterols [2–4]. Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume locally known as ‘geronggang’ or ‘serungan’ in Malaysia, is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 60 metres in height with a diameter of about 120 cm. It is mainly found in undisturbed to slightly mixed dipterocarp and sub-montane forests up to 1000 m altitude. The plant is suitable for maki.....

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The genus Lindera consists of approximately 100 species, and is a member of the Litseeae tribe of the Lauraceae family. Many Lindera species have been used in traditional medicine for their healing and curing capabilities for several health-related implications, such as pain, cold, urinary tract disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, gastric ulcer, abdominal pain, and cholera [1]. The Lindera genus is widely distributed all over the world, particularly in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of Asia and midwestern America [2]. This extensive geographical distribution allows Lindera species to produce diverse secondary metabolites with novel structures. Phytochemical investigations have shown that Lindera plants produce various constituents, including sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, butanolides, lucidones, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. Studies have shown that Lindera genus plants possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and analgesic properties [3]. Lindera subumb.....

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Background: The birth year is a criterion for grouping competitive categories in various sports. Children born in the early months of the calendar can benefit during their formative process because they have a higher chronological age and are more likely to be in more advanced stages of biological maturation. Objectives: To test the association between skill-related fitness performance and birth quartiles for understanding the relative age effect (RAE) among 12-year-old children in Malaysia. Method: A total of 462 school children (226 boys and 236 girls) with mean age of 12.5 ± 0.5 years were involved in this study. The children underwent four skill-related fitness assessments: 30-metre run, agility t-test, stork balance stand test, and standing broad jump test. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) was used to assign participants to the high performance (HPG), moderate performance (MPG), and low-performance (LPG) groups. The groups were split into a contingency table according .....

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