Mathematics is an essential subject for students. Teachers, therefore, need to provide innovative learning that develops students' mathematical skills. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a problem-based learning (PBL) model on students' mathematical representation competencies, selfconfidence, and habits of mind. It used a quantitative methodology and was conducted on eighth-grade students divided into an experimental class with a PBL model and a control class with a direct learning model. The results showed that the mathematical representation competencies of the students in the experimental class were better than those in the control class. Students' self-confidence and habits of mind also influenced their mathematical representation competencies. It shows that the PBL model positively affects students' mathematical representation competency, self-confidence, and habits of mind. Teachers can use the PBL model to develop their students' mathematical representation com.....

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This study aims to expand the existing research on empathic leadership and its impact on management effectiveness within Waqf institutions in Malaysia. This aim was achieved by including the concept of Rahmah in the analysis. Empathetic leadership exemplifies the manner in which the behaviours and emotional states of followers are impacted by the leaders' comprehension and provision of support. Data analysis was conducted via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Well-structured interviews were used to collect the opinions of the individuals entrusted with managing Waqf properties. Given the uneven distribution of Waqf employees across Malaysia, the study population was stratified into clusters based on the states. This practice ensured the suitability and sufficiency of the sample size obtained from each cluster, specifically referring to the states. The results indicated that Islamic leaders in Waqf organizations exhibit a notable degree of empathy, as seen by the m.....

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Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Since the introduction of the national vaccination program in Malaysia, vaccine hesitancy has become a serious problem for the public authorities. This study determined the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions (KAP) of COVID-19 vaccination among university students in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire of KAP on COVID-19 vaccination and distributed among targeted respondents. SPSS version 23 was employed for statistical analysis. 368 respondents were recruited. Results: Response rate of this survey was 95.58%. The mean age of participants in this study was 22.23 years (SD=2.35; range=18-33) with 286 female and 82 male respondents. Significant differences were detected between knowledge and area of study (p..

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This research aims to study the effect of adventure-based learning on students basic statistics achievement, critical thinking, and leadership skills. The quasi-experimental method was used in this study through quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 30 year 1 students of one of the Teacher Education Institutes. The institute itself determined this group of students. They are in the context of an intact group. The data were analyzed inferentially by using MANOVA. The results of the MANOVA test analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the mean post-test between groups for the achievement of Basic Statistics and leadership skills. At the same time, test analysis showed insignificant results for critical thinking skills. Thus, there was no significant difference in the mean post-test of critical thinking skills between the treatment group and the control group. There is a significant difference in the mean of the second post test between groups for basic s.....

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The operation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) relies on three major motions: yaw, theta, and depth, each requiring its own set of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller gain criteria. Thus, different issues arise, including the availability of multiple criteria for optimization algorithm evaluation, the importance of these criteria, the trade-off between criterion performance, and criterion critical values. These issues make the evaluation of optimization algorithms for AUV motion control a complex multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This research proposes a novel selection-integrated approach for AUV optimization algorithms in different motions using two MCDM methods: fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) for criteria weighting and fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM) for optimization algorithm selection. The approach comprises three main phases: development of PID, FWZIC-based criteria weighting, and FDOSM-based optimization algorithm selec.....

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Natural products have played a significant role in drug discovery and continue to be an important source of lead for new drugs. In recent years, computer-based drug discovery methods have emerged as an effective approach for identifying small molecule leads with desirable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. This study investigated the pharmacological and bioactivity of five furofuran lignans, namely, epiexcelsin, sesamin, sesartemin, syringaresinol, and yangambin, isolated from the plant Beilschmiedia pulverulenta. In silico studies were conducted to predict the pharmacological activities, toxicity, and drug likeliness properties of the lead compounds. The results showed that all compounds had promising pharmacokinetic activities, with epiexcelsin exhibiting strong binding affinity (-8.13 kcal mol-1) and inhibitory activity (1.1 M) against estrogen receptor-?, and predicted to be bioavailable and effective lead. The findings of this study provide important insights into the potentia.....

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Copolymers are materials with contrasting properties such as mechanical stability and electrical performance that can be linked together to enhance the flexibility of the polymer chain. In this present work, a series of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAA)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) containing iodide/triiodide (I?/I3) redox mediator from sodium iodide (NaI) dopant salt was synthesized. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of the GPEs was observed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of 303363K. The GPE with 50 wt% of NaI salt (PAA-50) achieved the highest ionic conductivity (?) of 3.79 10?2 S cm?1 at ambient temperature with an activation energy of 0.098eV. FTIR was utilized to evaluate the formation of complexes between the copolymer and additives in the GPEs. The DSSCs were assembled by sandwiching the GPEs between a photoanode and platinum (Pt) counter electrode for photovoltaic studies. PAA-50 achieved the highest photovoltaic conve.....

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Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been placed under the conditions for further study segment in DSM-5. The purpose of the current study was to develop a preliminary psychosocial model as a reference for providing appropriate intervention, particularly for adolescents with IGD. A total of 5290 adolescents from secondary schools in seven states in Malaysia were recruited by using proportionate random sampling. A standardized set of validated questionnaires such as DASS-21, BIS-11, and IGDS9-SF were distributed to participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of IGD among Malaysian adolescents was 3.5%. The bivariate analysis summarized that factors such as stress, impulsivity, gender, time spent using the internet, and relationship with parents and friends; have statistically significant associations with IGD. The logistic regression model revealed that adolescents with IGD were 9 times more likely to experience extremely severe stress (p < 0.001). Several psychosoc.....

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Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are commonly employed to mitigate network security threats in various fields, including federated learning applications within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). However, IDSs face challenges owing to the sheer volume of network traffic, high-dimensional datasets and the necessity for real-time detection. Although machine learning integration assists IDSs in overcoming these challenges, modelling difficulties persist due to varied evaluation criteria and levels of conflict and importance. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) solutions have been utilised in IoMT and IDS, yet they fall short in capturing the subjective judgements of experts and rely on normalisation approaches, which can impact results. This study seeks to address these issues through the integration of robust MCDM methodologies, namely fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC) and fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM). Utilising rough Fermatean fuzzy sets (RFFSs), this in.....

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The artificial intelligence (AI) trend to embrace Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has dramatically transformed the landscape of medical diagnosis. People often exhibit fear and apprehension towards conditions they lack understanding of, and ASD being a complex affliction, poses challenges in comprehending its intricacies. Researchers have harnessed AI applications to improve the precision of disease diagnosis by utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), genetic, sociodemographic, and medical data. However, the development of AI systems for early diagnosis and triage in healthcare is still in its nascent stages. In particular, studies have revealed a global increase in the prevalence of ASD, with an estimated 1 in 59 children being diagnosed. However, there is a lack of up-to-date information regarding the current status of ASD. This study aims to provide a systematic review of AI applications in early diagnosis and triage for ASD, supplementing the findin.....

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