Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghuraikan kefahaman konsep nombor negatif serta mengenal pasti kesilapan-kesilapan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar Tingkatan 2 semasa melakukan operasi dengan nombor negatif. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kajian kes sebagai kaedah untuk mengumpul data. Kaedah pensampelan kes tipikal digunakan untuk menentukan sampel bagi kajian ini. Penyelidik dengan bantuan guru Matematik telah memilih 40 pelajar yang mempunyai keputusan gred B dan C dalam peperiksaan akhir tahun 2010 semasa di Tingkatan 1 untuk menjalankan Ujian 1. Nilai pekali α kebolehpercayaan yang diperoleh bagi 20 soalan yang terkandung dalam Ujian 1 dan 10 soalan yang terkandung dalam Ujian 2 ialah 0.702 dan 0.815. Penyelidik telah menyenaraikan 15 pelajar yang memperoleh skor tahap sederhana iaitu 10 hingga 15 betul dalam Ujian 1 yang diedarkan. Hanya 5 daripada 15 pelajar sahaja telah memberi persetujuan untuk ditemu bual. Dapatan kajian daripada 5 pelajar yang ditemu bual, did.....

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This study describes the fabrication and characterisation of a membrane based on palladium(II) dichloro acetylthiophene fenchone azine (I) as a cobalt(II) ion-selective electrode. The ion-selective electrode is simple, inexpensive, has good selectivity, shows a rapid response, and is long-lasting.The membrane fabrication process involved various membrane compositions, and the best membrane composition obtained was 10:60:5:21.12 (I)/PVC/NaTPB/DOP (w/w). The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response in the range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻⁷ M and a slope of 29.6 ± 0.2 mV per decade. The response time is within the range of 20–25 seconds, and it can be used for a period of up to 4 months.The electrode showed good selectivity towards cobalt(II) ions in the presence of various interfering cations and can be used in the pH range of 3–7. The proposed electrode can also be used for the determination of cobalt(II) ions in real samples. The .....

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Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka visualisasi mental pelajar Biologi apabila mereka diberi konsep abstrak osmosis. Objektif kajian ini adalah menghurai dan mengenal pasti perbezaan bentuk visualisasi mental serta proses penjanaan visualisasi mental pelajar terhadap konsep abstrak osmosis. Seramai sepuluh orang pelajar Biologi tingkatan empat telah dipilih dengan menggunakan persampelan stratifikasi bertujuan. Mereka dikategorikan kepada kumpulan yang berpencapaian tinggi dan rendah berdasarkan kepada pencapaian mata pelajaran Sains dan Biologi dalam ujian prestasi yang lalu. Instrumen untuk mengumpul data kajian ini adalah satu tugasan tentang konsep osmosis, protokol temu bual semi berstruktur dan jejak audit penyelidik. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan peratusan dan secara kualitatif dengan membina kategori informasi. Pengkategorian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan kaedah perbandingan konstan. Data ini seterusnya diinterpretasi dan dipersembahkan dalam bentuk deskrip.....

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of integrating the usage of GeoGebra software into the teaching of the Circle III topic involving Form Four students. This study employed the quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design, in which the experimental group (consisting of 29 students) was taught using the GeoGebra Strategy Teaching (GST) while the control group (consisting of 17 students) was taught using the Conventional Strategy Teaching (CST). Instrumentation that was employed included pretest, posttest, and questionnaire on attitude. One-way ANCOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of students with GST compared to the CST students, [F (1, 43) = 3.354, p > .05]. One-sample t-test showed that the experimental group had positive attitudes on the integration of GeoGebra into learning Circle III, [t (28) = 13.32, p < .05]. The Pearson product-moment correlation showed that there was a weak but insignificant relationship be.....

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This study aimed to investigate the usability of interactive whiteboard technology (Smartboard) as a tool to collect and gather data and next, to build an alternative method in doing research particularly in children and design field. The usability study will focus on three main aspects which are children, interaction and the features of Smartboard itself. The approach used is fun and enjoyable which will increase the involvement of children as active participants in research to contribute more accurate and meaningful data. An application using SMART Notebook software, entitled 'Introduction of Icon' has been developed based on DDD-E instructional design model. Target users for this research were primary school children aged 7 to 12 years old in Tanjung Malim area. Nine children were individually tested in a lab on this application. Effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction are the main aspects emphasized to measure the usability of application and this technology. Four type.....

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The phytochemical study on two Malayan plants viz., Ochrosia oppositifolia and Kopsia singapurensis Ridl. (Apocynaceae) was investigated for their chemical constituents, which involved extraction and separation using various chromatographic methods and structural elucidation by spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) including 1D-NMR (¹H, ¹³C, and DEPT), 2D-NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and MS (GC-MS). The structures of the compounds were also elucidated by comparison with previous works. Isolation of chemical constituents from the leaves of O. oppositifolia yielded two new indole alkaloids with corynanthean (C-type) skeletons, namely N(4)-hydroxymethylisoreserpiline 189 and N(4)-acetylisoreserpiline 190. Six known triterpenes were successfully isolated from the bark of K. singapurensis, which were identified as β-amyrin 191, β-amyrin acetate 192, β-amyrenone 193, lupeol 194, lupeol acetate 195, and stigmasterol 196......

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The purpose of this study is to extract, isolate and elucidate the structure of alkaloid constituents from barks of Alseodaphne pendulifolia Gamb. (Lauraceae) and to determine the biological activities (antiplasmodial, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant) against the isolated alkaloids. The samples were collected from Sg. Temau Forest Reserve, Kuala Lipis, Pahang and Sg. Tekam Forest Reserve, Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia. The isolation and purification of alkaloids were done using various chromatographic techniques including chromatotron, column, preparative thin-layer and thin-layer chromatography. The structure elucidations of the isolated alkaloids were established by NMR spectral data using various 1D-NMR (¹H, ¹³C, and DEPT) and 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC/HSQC, HMBC, H2BC, HSQC-TOCSY and NOESY) techniques, aided via UV, IR, MS data and also by comparison with data from the literature.Further isolation process of the plants yielded four types of isoquinoline alkaloids: aporphine, a.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pelaksanaan kaedah Tutor Rakan Sebaya (TRS) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran kimia di sekolah menengah harian. Kekangan dan faktor-faktor kekangan dalam pelaksanaan kaedah TRS serta hubungan antara pengalaman mengajar guru kimia dengan pelaksanaan kaedah TRS juga dikaji. Kajian ini melibatkan kesemua 87 guru kimia daripada 44 buah sekolah menengah harian di daerah Kluang dan Batu Pahat, negeri Johor. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk deskriptif, dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan melalui soal selidik. Data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan inferens. Pengiraan kekerapan diubah dalam bentuk peratusan dan mod ditentukan. Analisis statistik inferens yang terlibat ialah ujian Khi Kuasa Dua dan korelasi Cramer's V. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan kaedah TRS dalam kalangan guru kimia di sekolah menengah harian daerah Kluang dan Batu Pahat, Johor adalah pada tahap sederhana. Kekangan semasa pelaksanaan kaedah TRS adalah daripada aspek ma.....

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Dalam kajian ini, penyelidik telah membangunkan Perisian Multimedia Elektrokimia (PME) dan mengkaji keberkesanan PME sebagai bahan bantu belajar. PME direka bentuk selaras dengan kandungan sukatan mata pelajaran Kimia Tingkatan 4 dalam topik elektrokimia. Metodologi pembangunan PME dibuat berasaskan model reka bentuk Alessi dan Trollip (2001). Tutorial telah digunakan sebagai pendekatan pedagogi utama, selain latih tubi dan simulasi. Pembangunan PME dilakukan secara sistematik berasaskan teori-teori pembelajaran yang merangkumi teori behaviorisme, kognitif dan konstruktivisme. Perisian pengarangan Authorware 6.5 digunakan sebagai pelantar utama, manakala Macromedia Flash 5 digunakan untuk membina elemen-elemen animasi. Satu soal selidik telah dijalankan dalam kalangan guru-guru Kimia di sekolah-sekolah menengah daerah Batang Padang untuk menilai PME. Pada keseluruhannya, responden memberi penilaian yang positif terhadap isi kandungan, reka bentuk interaksi, reka bentuk persembahan dan .....

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This quantitative non-experimental study examined two major purposes involving students' approaches to learning, reflective thinking, and academic achievement in pre-university biology students. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning approaches and the progression of reflective thinking levels among pre-university biology students, as well as the influence of gender. The secondary purpose was to study the relationship between learning approaches, reflective thinking levels, prior academic achievement, and current academic achievement.The sample consisted of 36 students enrolled in an urban public secondary school in Ipoh. An independent-sample t-test and a paired-sample t-test were conducted to examine students' learning approaches and reflective thinking levels, respectively. A one-way ANCOVA was conducted to examine the effect of gender on their reflective thinking. For the relationship determination, a correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship.....

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