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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic growth, inflation, and unemployment. One notable feature of empirical research is the rarity of studies that examine the effects of unemployment and inflation on economic growth in different economic environments, despite the large number of studies that look into these two variables. The study also incorporates interest rates and exchange rates as control variables. This study employs time series data spanning from 1994 to 2020 for selected 5 countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, under diverse economic conditions. The analysis utilises the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to examine the relationships between economic growth and its determinants. The empirical results of the study reveal: (1) Economic growth benefits from reducing inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates, underscoring their positive i.....

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This research investigates the impact of Non-digital Gamification (NDG) techniques on students' math achievement, focusing on Fractions. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 100 primary school students in Perak. Two groups were formed: the control group, which followed traditional teaching methods, and the experimental group, which experienced NDG learning approaches. The findings indicate that students using NDG perform better in math (fractions) assessments compared to those using conventional methods. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of NDG in teaching Fractions. The results underscore the potential for educators to innovate and enhance gamification tools, particularly in mathematics, contributing to educational advancements aligned with the goals of the Malaysian Ministry of Education. © 2024, STKIP Siliwangi Bandung (IKIP Siliwangi). All rights reserved...

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Education in Malaysia has undergone transformation and reformation over decades to meet contemporary needs. In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) has brought direct impact to the field of education, as a steppingstone for generating future workforce. To meet these demands, 21st century learners who have the potential to shape a competitive future nation by possessing 21st century skills: critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. Therefore, the transformation in learning and teaching practices is necessary following the rapid development in information, communication, and multimedia technology. Even now, Malaysian mainstream educators continually report that they need better understandings and knowledge to be proficient in supporting individualized, personalized, and differentiated learning to stimulate the improvement of learner-centred learning, not the traditional teaching and learning process with teacher-centred. This study upholds a new defining on.....

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Background: Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia), Labisia pumila (L. pumila), and Orthosiphon stamineus (O. stamineus) are popular species known for their therapeutic properties. An increase in local demand for herbal products makes them susceptible to adulteration, which poses a risk to their safety and efficacy. Current identification methods, such as organoleptic, microscopic, and macroscopic analysis, need to be revised to identify plant species in highly processed herbal products due to their limited ability to detect morphological features and provide comprehensive plant taxonomy information. Methods: This research objective was to develop a simple, reliable, and accurate DNA molecular identification method based on polymerase chain reaction_restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR_RFLP) for E. longifolia, L. pumila, and O. stamineus, used to validate the species identification for herbal products. PCR_RFLP was developed for rapid identification using restriction enzymes TaqI.....

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This article aims to address the challenge of predicting the salaries of college graduates, a subject of significant practical value in the fields of human resources and career planning. Traditional prediction models often overlook diverse influencing factors and complex data distributions, limiting the accuracy and reliability of their predictions. Against this backdrop, we propose a novel prediction model that integrates maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), Jeffreys priors, Kullback-Leibler risk function, and Gaussian mixture models to optimize LSTM models in deep learning. Compared to existing research, our approach has multiple innovations: First, we successfully improve the model’s predictive accuracy through the use of MLE. Second, we reduce the model’s complexity and enhance its interpretability by applying Jeffreys priors. Lastly, we employ the Kullback-Leibler risk function for model selection and optimization, while the Gaussian mixture models further refine the capture o.....

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The rapid advancements in technology have opened up new doors for both teachers and students to explore, learn, and create in innovative ways. However, this progress has also brought forth new challenges and complexities that demand a deeper understanding of the use of technology in art education. In this context, bibliometric analysis has emerged as a potent tool to examine emerging trends in the intersection of technology and art education. Employing the PRISMA approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) and utilizing relevant Scopus databases with standardized procedures that ensure comprehensiveness and replicability, this bibliometric study identified 29 articles. The number of published articles in 2022, at 12, exceeded that of 2021, with only 6. Furthermore, the study highlighted the top 10 countries conducting research in technology and art education, with China having 17 studies, followed by the United States with 3 and Australia with 2. The to.....

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The University Course Timetabling Problem presents a complex optimization problem as it seeks to meet the diverse requirements and constraints of a university's academic program through efficient timetabling. The objective of this research is to conduct comprehensive review of existing studies on optimization approaches in optimizing university timetable problems. The aim of the comprehensive studies is to further analyse the existing studies to discuss comparative studies to compare the performance of the approach methods in satisfying the constraints involved in university timetabling. The methodology used for this paper is systematic literature review which brought three main themes such constraints, optimization approaches, and datasets involved in University Course Timetabling Problem. The result shown that the majority of approaches involved hybrid approaches. In conclusion, this comprehensive review summarizes the constraints, optimization approach and datasets involved Universi.....

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