Bridelia ferruginea (Benth., Euphorbiaceae), prominently found in Savannah regions, is commonly used as an ethnomedicine for the treatment of several ailments in many parts of Africa. Piliostigma thonningii (Schum., Fabaceae) is used for various medicinal purposes in African countries with some pharmacological activities established from the crude extracts including antibacterial, antihelminthic, antiinflammatory and antilipidemic activities. In the present study, crude methanolic extract and fractions of B. ferruginea and P. thonningii were examined for their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity using standard protocols. Qualitative phytochemical screening of B. ferruginea crude extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and resins while it tested negative for triterpenoids, carbohydrates, terpenoids and anthraquinones; the quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that it contained 1.5% saponi.....

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The essential oil of Litsea resinosa Blume (Lauraceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation and was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of twenty-eight components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 90.8% of the total oil. The essential oil consists mainly of β-caryophyllene (22.5%), α-humulene (15.4%), caryophyllene oxide (9.2%), germacrene D (5.6%), and β-selinene (5.0%). The essential oil showed significant activity against acetylcholinesterase with a percentage inhibition of 72.4%. Keywords: Litsea resinosa, Lauraceae, essential oil, caryophyllene, acetylcholinesterase..

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Previous studies have reported the use of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds to treat malaria. Interestingly, quinolone and 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds demonstrated an outstanding capacity to target at least two stages of the malaria parasite life cycle, especially when they are hybrid with other nitrogen heterocycles. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the drug susceptibility of Plasmodium knowlesi A1H1 parasites to certain 1,2,4-triazoles and benzoquinones that bear pyrrolidinones using a plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay. All synthesized compounds showed moderate activity against P. knowlesi A1H1 with EC50 values in the range of 13.39-28.85 μM. Both 1,2,4-triazoles and quinolone derivatives were synthesized using commercially available pyrrolidinones. Keywords: 1,2,4-Triazoles; quinolones; antimalarial, Plasmodium knowlesi A1H1..

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This paper presents the simulation of numerical solutions to the navigational problem of an agent traveling safely in its environment. The approach is based on the numeric solutions of the boundary value problem (BVP) that generate harmonic potential fields through a differential equation whose gradient represents navigation routes to the destination. Two methods, namely KSOR and KAOR, were tested to solve the BVP. KSOR and KAOR are variants of the standard SOR and AOR methods, respectively. In this work, the KSOR and KAOR methods were used to solve the BVP by applying Laplace's equation to obtain harmonic functions. The generated harmonic functions are then utilized by the searching algorithm to find a smooth navigational route for an agent to travel in its environment without colliding with any obstacles. The numerical results from the solutions of BVP demonstrate that the KAOR provides a faster execution time with fewer iterations compared to the KSOR method. Keywords: KSOR, KAOR, .....

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The objectives are to derive the stability analysis theoretically and to set up the stability analysis numerically for radiation effects on Marangoni convection boundary layer over a permeable surface. The stability analysis is used to determine which branch solutions are stable and physically realisable. The stability can be tested via the smallest eigenvalue. Negative smallest eigenvalue produces an initial growth of disturbance and the flow becomes unstable. In contrast, the positive smallest eigenvalue results in an initial decay of the disturbance, thus the flow is stable. The research has an implication in order to identify which solution is stable, whether the first or the second solution. Keywords: permeable surface, dual solution, stability analysis..

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Kajian ini melihat hubungan di antara daya tindak perkahwinan dan personaliti di kalangan 170 orang  (N = 110 wanita, 60 lelaki) subjek yang berkahwin, dan berumur di antara 22 hingga 55 tahun (M =  40.0, SP= 7.82). Bagi tujuan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan dua alat ukur iaitu Marital Coping Inventory (Bowman, 1990) sebagai alat ukur  daya tindak perkahwinan dan NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa &  McCrae, 1992) bagi melihat  personaliti.  Dimensi daya tindak adalah konflik, menyalahkan diri, mementingkan diri, pendekatan  positif dan pengelakan. Manakala  personaliti  pula  merangkumi  neurotik,  ekstrovert,   keterbukaan, kebersetujuan dan ketekunan. Analisis kajian menunjukkan wujudnya hubungan di antara   beberapa  dimensi  personaliti  dengan  daya  tindak.  Hanya  dimensi mementingkan diri tidak  mempunyai hubungan dengan personaliti. Pengkaji turut melihat perbezaan daya tindak mengikut  jantina, tempoh perkahwinan dan kategori umur. Implikasi.....

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Kajian mengenai penglibatan ibu bapa telah banyak dijalankan, terutamanya di luar negara. Walau  bagaimanapun, kajian mengenai penglibatan ibu bapa dari aspek psikologi jarang didapati di  Malaysia.  Penglibatan ibu bapa dalam pendidikan anak-anak mereka merupakan aspek penting yang  sering diabaikan. lbu bapa memainkan peranan signifikan dalam proses perkembangan anak-anak mereka.   Kajian ini mengupas penglibatan ibu bapa dari tiga aspek  psikologi  iaitu sokongan emosi,   perapatan dan  jangkaan dan hubungannya dengan kesediaan membaca kanak-kanak pra sekolah.  Kajian  ini adalah satu kajian kes berbentuk kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian  dan  temubual. Seramai 20 orang pelajar pra sekolah yang berusia lima tahun diberi ujian Konsep Cetakan  untuk menguji kesediaan membaca mereka. Selepas markah diperolehi, 5 pelajar yang mendapat markah tertinggi, sederhana dan terendah dipilih untuk sesi pemerhatian  dan  seterusnya  ibu  dan  bapa  me.....

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The implementation of the Literature Component in the new Malaysian syllabus for English Language  provides ample impetus for the promotion of a reading culture and improvement of competence in the  English Language.  Therefore, it is important for ESL students in Malaysia to study literature.  However, this poses problems for most students as a majority of them have not been exposed to any  genre of Literature in their six years of primary education. Thus this study was postulated to  explore whether graphic organizers could be used as a tool in enhancing the learners' comprehension  of literary texts such as a novel.  It also attempts to find out if this teaching strategy could be  utilized in the classroom to promote better comprehension of this literary text. Both the learning  and teaching aspects are essential in this study as there is a wealth of knowledge to be gained  from the proceedings in the classroom. Besides that, this study was conducted over a perio.....

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The measurement of scientific literacy is very focused, this is shown by the urgency of preparing scientific literacy test instruments. This research develops a proper scientific literacy test instrument on particle dynamics material. This research is a development research adapted from the Borg and Gall model. The test subjects of this study were 202 students. Design validation, instrument validity, instrument reliability, instrument difficulty level and instrument differentiability are data analysis techniques. The product produced is a material science literacy test instrument for particle dynamics totaling 10 questions in the form of reasoned multiple choice questions. The results showed that (1) the questions were in the valid category, (2) had reliability with very good criteria of 0.83 (3) the difficulty level of the questions obtained 1 item in the difficult category and 11 questions with moderate criteria, (4) the results of the discriminating power of the questions show that .....

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Kajian ini telah membangunkan dan menguji jujukan tumpuan serta kesannya terhadap pembelajaran di  antara dua antaramuka koswer yang menggunakan strategi paparan berbeza. Topik yang dipilih bagi  tujuan ini ialah Mod Penghantaran dalam matapelajaran Rangkaian Komputer. Sampel kajian melibatkan  44 orang pelajar ljazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan,  Universiti  Pendidikan  Sultan  Idris.  Pelajar   dibahagikan  kepada  dua kumpulan sampel iaitu Kumpulan I melibatkan 22 orang pelajar menggunakan  koswer Antaramuka Strategi Paparan Animasi Dikawal (AK) dan kumpulan 2 juga melibatkan 22 orang  pelajar yang menggunakan koswer Antaramuka Strategi Paparan Animasi Tidak Dikawal (ATK). Kedua-dua  kumpulan sampel ini diuji bagi mengesan jujukan tumpuan pelajar terhadap antaramuka  berbeza  strategi paparan animasi dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik. Bagi menguji  kesan strategi   paparan animasi berbeza di atas antaramuka koswer terhadap pencapaian pelajar pula, pelaj.....

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