Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research is considered one of the significant interdisciplinary fields. It assists people with severe motor disabilities to recover and improve their motor actions through rehabilitation sessions using Motor Imagery (MI) based BCI systems. Several smart criteria, such as virtual reality, plays a significant role in training people for motor recovery in a virtual environment. Accordingly, Smart Training Environments (STEs) based on virtual reality for MI-BCI users provide a safe environment. They are cost-effective for real-life conditions and scenarios with severe motor disabilities. Fundamentally, the literature presents a lack of comparison of the STE applications considering the smart and effective criteria of the developed applications. Accordingly, three key issues faced the comparison process: importance, multi-evaluation criteria, and data variation, which falls under complex Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Performance issues increased compa.....

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Mobile learning (ML) is now involved in the creation of teaching and learning methods for higher education. However, this involvement is varied among countries. The objective of this research was to examine the factors that impact students' intentions to use ML in Iraqi higher education institutions (HEIs). Building on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and information system success model (ISSM), a conceptual model was developed. The population of this study are users in Iraqi univeristies. Using a stratified random sampling, a total of 323 responses were collected to examine the proposed hypotheses. The findings showed that variables of UTAUT such as effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), performance expectancy (PE), facilitating conditions (FC) as well as variables of ISSM such as satisfaction along with perceived enjoyment and self efficacy affected positively the intention to use ML (ITUML) which in turn affected actual use (AU). Gender and experien.....

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Assessment of trends and variability of atmospheric particles can help set the target for pollution reduction, robust air-pollution and climate change policy decision-making, and clean air. This study investigated the recent trends and variability of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations led by meteorological factors in fifteen major South Asian cities. It comprehensively assessed the influence of climatic factors through multiple statistical and time-frequency models. Trends were identified using the Mann-Kendal Test and innovative trend analysis methods. This study found the most critical air quality condition in Lahore (105.43 ?g/m3), safe condition in Ho Chi Minh City (25.97 ?g/m3), and most of the cities experience unhealthy to very unhealthy air conditions during winter. PM2.5 levels exhibited ascending trends in Dhaka, Jakarta, Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad, while descending trends in Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Kathmandu, Rangoon, Hanoi, Vientiane, and .....

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This study focused on the development of teaching aids for the topic of Isometric Transformations for Form 2 students in Malaysia. The first objective was to determine the usability of teaching aids in the isometric transformations kit integrates game-based learning (GBL) Method (KitTI Method) and the second objective was to examine the effectiveness of using the KitTI Method on students achievement and motivation. This study was directed by the Design and Development Research (DDR) model with survey and quasi-experimental designs. The sample selection was conducted by cluster sampling involving Form 2 students from schools in the district of Muallim and Batang Padang in the state of Perak. The instruments used were KitTI Method Teaching Aids Usability Questionnaire (KMTAUQ), Isometric Transformations Topic Achievement Test (ITTAT), and KitTI Method Motivation Questionnaire (KMMQ). The findings showed that the mean score of KitTI Methods usability was high, the treatment group obtained.....

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The present study was conducted to prepare the fish scales' hydroxyapatite/collagen beads (FsHA/FsCol) and characterize their biological, physical, and chemical properties. A new method was used to prepare FsHA/FsCol composite beads by infiltrating the beads of FsHA in the solution of FsCol as a green method. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), used to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of the synthesized samples. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic and attachment studies of the FsHA/FsCol beads were used to investigate the biological features against the MG-63 human cell line. The results specified the efficiency of the new method, functional groups of FsCol were indicated to be present inside the beads of FsHA according to the XRD analysis which shows the functional peaks of FsCol. The SEM image were conformed successfully use starch as a porous a.....

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Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is an undesirable complication of orthodontic treatment (OT) with an ambiguous aetiologic mechanism. This study aimed to identify OIIRR-associated biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using proteomic analysis. In this randomized clinical trial, the upper first premolars (UFP) were exposed either to light or heavy force. The GCF was collected at 1h, 1day, 7days, 14days, 21days, and 28days following force application. After extraction of UFP, roots were imaged and resorption premolar, was used to deliver either light forcecraters were measured. Proteomic analysis of GCF was performed using 2D gel electrophoresis with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. Results were further analyzed by bioinformatics analyses showing the biological functions and predicted pathways. The predicted canonical pathways showed that the expression of immunoglobulin kappa (IGKC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), neurolysin mitochondrial .....

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This study aimed to explore the effect of anxiety and self-efficacy on class performance in Arabic language online classes. This study used a quantitative research approach, and the data was collected through a survey instrument administered to 148 first-year Arabic learner students enrolled in an Arabic language online class. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as a structural equation model to examine the relationship between variables. The study?s results showed that anxiety had a negative effect on class performance, while self-efficacy positively impacted class performance. Therefore, anxiety is the main contributor to Arabic online learning performance. Additionally, self-efficacy was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between anxiety and class performance. The findings of this study suggest that anxiety and self-efficacy are important factors to consider in an online learning environment, as they can significantly impact class performan.....

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The study aims to optically trap a single chloroform (CHCl3) microdroplet in water using optical tweezers. The study also investigates the effect of the preparation procedure by sonication on the chloroform microdroplet size and its stability in water. This microdroplet can potentially act as a carrier containing active molecules and for sensor applications in a fluid. The chloroform is sonicated in deionized water to produce a chloroform microdroplet solution. The size of the resultant microdroplets is observed under the optical microscope. The stability of the chloroform microdroplets in water was studied by monitoring the absorption spectra within a specified duration of time for 1 hour. A single chloroform microdroplet in the water is trapped using a 976 nm continuous laser beam with optical tweezers. The finding shows that the average size of the produced chloroform microdroplets does not vary significantly when the sonication time is less than 10 minutes. Furthermore, Chloroform .....

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Diagonally implicit multistage integration methods (DIMSIMs) are widely utilized in finding the solution to any problems in the subject of ordinary differential equations. These methods are selected from the general linear methods, which is considerable potential for efficient implementations. The extrapolation is derived from the stability of the explicit Runge-Kutta methods. In this paper, the combination of DIMSIMs with Richardson extrapolation of different orders shows that numerical solutions give higher accuracy when the extrapolation is applied with the base method. 2023 Penerbit UTM Press...

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The genus Premna in Lamiaceae family was categorized into two groups namely P. serratifolia-group and P. trichostoma-group by de Kok in 2013. The division was based on three distinct morphological characters which are twigs, calyx and fruit. This group category lacks of anatomical and micromorphological evidence and solely based on those morphological characters. Therefore, in this study, anatomical and micromorphological characters were analysed on six Premna species (P. interrupta, P. serratifolia, P. trichostoma, P. tomentosa, P. parasitica and P. odorata) from few localities in Peninsular Malaysia. They were investigated to determine the size of stomata and some epidermal characters among the species members to provide some evidence towards the division. The methods involved in this research were epidermal peel preparation and field emission microscopy (FESEM) technique. The stomata were observed under the microscope and also photographed at different magnifications. Based on the o.....

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