This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, diamond and knuckle push up among trained men. Thirty men that had at least one year experience in fitness training involved as participants in this study. Participants were required to perform all the three kinds of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias effects in exercise order. Electromyography method was used to obtain the pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoid muscle activation. Muscle activation was reported as percentages of maximal voluntary contraction. One way repeated measure analysis of variances (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the muscle activation between the three push up protocols. Results showed that the muscle activation of pectoralis major and anterior deltoid were highest during traditional push up while being the lowest during diamond push up. However, the muscle activation of triceps brachii was highest during diamond push up and lowest during traditional push up. .....

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This study was conducted to compare the muscle activation during traditional, clap and power push up among trained men. A total of thirty trained men that are physically active and have at least one year experienced in fitness training and having good techniques in push up exercises were recruited as study participants. Participants were required to perform all three types of push up in a randomised order to avoid bias in the exercise sequence. Electromyogram was used to detect the muscle activites of pectoralis major, triceps brachii and anterior deltoids. Muscle activation was reported as percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction value. The results showed that the muscle activation was highest during the clap push up followed by the power push up and traditional push up. As a conclusion, increasing the difficulty by applying plyometric technique during push up give a significant impact in terms of muscle activation in which is believed to be affect the muscle strength and size .....

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The aim of this study is to modulate the controlled release properties of zinc hydroxide nitrate?sodium dodecylsulphate?bispyribac (ZHN?SDS?BP) nanocomposite, by coating the nanocomposite using chitosan. This study was conducted as part of an effort to reduce the environmental problems caused by the over-use of pesticides. The characterisation study shows that chitosan had been successfully coated onto the outer surface of the ZHN?SDS?BP (BP concentration of 0.05�M) without changing the types of ions intercalated in its interlayer gallery. The chitosan-coated nanocomposite, ZHN?SDS?BP?Chi also possesses a better thermal stability compared to the uncoated nanocomposite. Owing to the polycationic, hygroscopic nature, and gelation ability of chitosan, the chitosan coating was found to significantly prolong the release of bispyribac. The ZHN?SDS?BP?Chi showed a better performance in releasing pesticides, with prolonged release time ranging from 462 to 5349�min, compared to 74 to 4117ï¿.....

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Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is a new trend in flexible education due to its flexibility to study anything, anywhere and anytime. It has the potential to attract a huge number of learners to study courses unlimitedly via the online platform. This is a design and development study where a Chemistry MOOC was developed in an OpenLearning platform using ADDIE Instructional Design Model. The purpose of this study is to (1) identify the validity of the e-content module and e-assessment module in the Chemistry MOOC, (2) identify the reliability of the e-content module and e-assessment module in the Chemistry MOOC and (3) gauge undergraduate students? perceptions on the MOOC, especially the instructional design elements, the acceptance and usage barrier. Instruments involved in the study are content validity evaluation form, module reliability questionnaire and perception questionnaire. Four content experts and 23 undergraduate students were involved in evaluating the validity and reliabi.....

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The chemical composition of the essential oil of Knema kunstleri Warb. (Myristicaceae) was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 36 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 91.7% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of ?-caryophyllene (23.2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.6%), ?-cadinene (7.3%), ?-humulene (5.7%), and germacrene D (4.3%). The essential oil showed moderate activity towards DPPH free-radical scavenging and lipoxygenase inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition and bioactivities of the essential oil report concerning the genus Knema. ? 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group...

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Plants of the genus Piper have long been used as medicinal herbs. The chemistry of Piper species has been widely investigated and phytochemical investigations conducted in all parts of the world have led to the isolation of a number of physiologically active compounds. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the phytochemicals from Piper abbreviatum and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, which has not been previously investigated. Fractionation and purification of the aerial parts of P. abbreviatum led to the isolation and identification of five methoxylated flavonoids, namely 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 4,5,7-Trimethoxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyflavone, together with lupeol, lupenone, ?-sitosterol, and ?-sitostenone. The structures of these compounds were obtained by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as the comparison with that of reported data. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity revealed.....

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