The present study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activities from the isolated phytochemicals of Piper retrofractum and Piper arborescens. Fractionation and purification of the extract of P. retrofractum yielded piperine (1), methyl piperate (2) and N-isobutyl-2E,4E,14Z-eicosatrienamide (3), while extracts of P. arborescens yielded sesartemin (4), diayangambin (5), and 3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)- tetrahydrofuran-2-ol (6). The structures of the isolated phytochemicals were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as the comparison with that of reported data. The antibacterial activity of the isolated phytochemicals was also evaluated by using the micro-dilution method. Compound (1) was found to show the significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 225 µg/mL. This study reports amides and lignans as compounds that could be involved in antibacterial activity of Piper retrofractum .....

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Literature starting from its beginning has the usage of symbols. This paved the way to a literary concept symbolism. It is an art of using an object to describe or represent an abstract. All the abstract objects mentioned in literature have a symbolic meaning. Symbolism is used in different ways like colors, animals, birds, real objects, human, etc. In the classical stories one can find the use of caves, animals etc. and it is evident that the use of animals in our world from thousands of years ago, to today, has created deep meaning in our lives. The meanings of animals in literary works can be interpreted in different ways. The writers use animals which help them to write about subjects that are controversial and sensitive social issues which strengthen and emphasize their points and fulfil the purpose of their work. Jonathan Swift is one of the writers to use symbolism in his literary works. In his The Battle of the Books, the spirit of the controversy caught on towards the end of t.....

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This diachronic study aims to explore linguistics phenomena of verbs and tenses in English song  lyrics across genres and time via corpus-driven approach. This study has three  objectives;  to   identify  the  most  frequent  lexises,  to  analyze  the  use  of  most frequent verbs, and to  analyze the use of most frequent tenses in English song lyrics. A  specialized  corpus  named   Diachronic  Corpus  of  English Song  Lyrics (DCOESL) consisting of Country, Pop, Rock, and R&B  genres from the years 1960 to 2009, was built for the analysis. Linguistics analysis of English  song lyrics corpus was used as the research design. Computational corpus instruments were used to  generate data. AntConc   generated   frequency   distributions   of   frequent   lexises   and    adjacent collocations  of  frequent  verbs.  CLAWS  POS  Tagger  annotated  verbs  and  tenses.  USAS identified semantic categories of verbs. Frequency dist.....

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Kajian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  meneliti  kesan  aktiviti  kreatif  dan  manipulasi  arahan terhadap kreativiti murid tahun lima yang menghasilkan produk daripada peribahasa Melayu.  Kajian   ini  berbentuk  kuasi-eksperimen  dan  data  kajian  dianalisis  melalui pendekatan kuantitatif.   90 orang murid tahun lima daripada tiga buah sekolah di Hulu Selangor   yang   sama   ciri   dan    kategori   dipilih   sebagai   sampel   kajian.   Sampel dibahagikan   kepada   tiga   kumpulan    yang   menjalankan   aktiviti   kreatif   untuk menghasilkan  produk  peribahasa.  Kumpulan  1   menerima  arahan  standard  (AS), kumpulan 2 menerima arahan kreatif (AK) manakala Kumpulan 3  menerima arahan kreatif terperinci (AKT). Produk peribahasa Melayu yang dihasilkan dinilai oleh  tiga orang penilai menggunakan teori implisit dengan lima skala Likert. Min tertinggi bagi skor   kreativiti  adalah  bagi  kumpulan  AKTÂ.....

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Kebolehpasaran orang kurang upaya sentiasa dipersoalkan di dalam dan di luar negara. Namun,   usaha   yang   dijalankan   masih    tidak   dapat   menyelesaikan   masalah  kebolehpasaran mereka. Tambahan lagi, kurang kajian empirikal yang boleh dirujuk bagi meneliti  permasalahan ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan model   kemahiran  generik    ke   arah   mempertingkatkan  kebolehpasaran  graduan Pendidikan  dan  Latihan  Teknikal   Vokasional  (PLTV)   bermasalah  pendengaran. Pemboleh  ubah  bebas  yang  dikaji  ialah  kemahiran   generik  dan  pemboleh  ubah bersandar ialah  kebolehpasaran. Pemboleh ubah penilaian kendiri dan   pengalaman diskriminasi  pula  merupakan pemboleh  ubah  moderator  dalam  hubungan  antara  kemahiran generik dan kebolehpasaran. Kajian eksplorasi ini berbentuk tinjauan untuk menentukan   kemahiran  generik,  penilaian  kendiri,  pengalaman  diskriminasi  dan .....

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The teaching and learning environment in the new millennium has tremendously employed modern teaching aid to generate interest and acceptance by the Z generation. Among others is the need for a smartphone that is dominated by android operating systems. This article describes the process of building an android application for geography subjects at school and university’s bachelor degree level. This research seeks to explore how an android-based application can be developed to support the teaching and learning process of geography courses by focusing on the calculation of bearings. The exploration approach methodology was chosen in explaining the process of building a GeoSudut android. Three stages involved in this study are (i) analysis of android building requirements documents, (ii) construction of waterfall model-based software and (iii) android application testing. However this article will not cover the third objective. The development of the android application fully utilizes th.....

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Al-Fawasil is a science related to the positioning of Quranic verses. Adad scholars have discussed this topic in detail, which has led to various views on the overall number of verses and how they determine the positioning (fasilah) of a Quranic verse. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the verses or position of the verses, and how adad scholars determine the position of a Quranic verse in two surahs, which are al-fatihah and al-mulk. Qualitative methods are used to obtain the necessary data, which is referring to the primary books related to the ulum al-Quran. Comparative methods are also used especially when comparing the views of adad scholars regarding the position of a verse. This study is intended to provide the necessary information to the scholars of the al-Quran, especially in the field of tilawah and interpretation and can serve as a reference in scientific writing related to the knowledge of fawasil. In conclusion, the study of this chapter is a treasure .....

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Kinta Valley is both a valley rich with tin ore and a unique tourist attraction among local and foreign tourists. Hence, this article aims to identify the potential and attraction of Kinta Valley as one of the heritage tourism centres in Malaysia. A total of 375 local tourists were selected as respondents through simple random sampling. A questionnaire instrument was used to obtain feedback. It comprised tourists' background, visit duration profile and objective when visiting Kinta Valley, the frequency of location announcements of Kinta Valley, as well as other potentials and attractions of Kinta Valley; a heritage tourism centre in Malaysia. The results of the study show that the majority of local tourists to Kinta Valley stayed one day only, and the main intention of the visits for most of the tourists is to relax or to go sightseeing. The announcement frequency for Kinta Valley showed that social media played a very important role among the tourists visiting Kinta Valley, followed .....

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The price movements of commodities are determined by changes in the expectations about future economic variables. Crude oil price is non?stationary, highly volatile, and unstructured in nature, which makes it very difficult to predict over short?to?medium time horizons. Some analysts have indicated that the difficulty in forecasting the crude oil price is due to the fact that economic models cannot consistently show evidence of a strong connection between commodities and economic fundamentals, and, as a result, regarded the idea that economic fundamentals help predict price values as random luck. This study aimed to overcome the limitations of the economic models through the detection of structural changes as well as breaks in the data, using a breakpoint test. The Markov switching model is used to address the price patterns that led to a different market state. The results show that there are several changes as well as breaks in the estimated model. Moreover, there is an asymmetric co.....

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COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). Certain Muslims associated the emergence of Al-?ur?yya with the fading of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This article aimed to discuss the text and context of the Hadith Al-?ur?yya (????????????????????) and its link to the termination of COVID-19. Classical and contemporary scholars’ opinions were analysed in this study. The methodology used involved inductive and deductive supplemented with critical analysis determining the most appropriate opinion on this matter. Further empirical study of the visibility of Al-?ur?yya in the Islamic history were analysed using Stellarium Astronomy Software 0.20.0. The findings of the study revealed that the hadith refers to the disappearance of disease pertaining to fruits and crops and not to related to the end of any pandemic. Additionally, the rise of Al-?ur?yya showed no connection with pandemic termination in the Islamic history. In conclusion, the claim.....

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