Trends in water quality, either increasing or decreasing over the long term, are becoming an essential guide to understanding water quality. This study aims to analyse the trends in water quality in the upstream part of the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia from 1998 to 2018. This study involved the collection of data on water quality from the Department of Environment, Malaysia. Six main parameters of the water quality index (WQI) were chosen, including the dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solids (TSS) and pH. The analysis methods applied are the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator of slope. The results of the WQI value trend analysis revealed that most stations have decreasing trends. A trend analysis of the parameters found that most stations had increasing trends for the DO, BOD, NH3-N and pH parameters, while decreasing trends for the COD and TSS parameters were observed. An increasing t.....

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Purpose: The prevalence of violence among students has become increase year by year. It is a dilemma because the phenomenon has already started to be found at the junior high school level. It is an anomaly because the culture of violence directly impacts academic achievement and several non-academic psychological attributes of students. The study's purpose was to validate and develop a questionnaire to measure the peaceful classroom atmosphere. Method: This study was conducted in 2020, involved 406 students junior high school as participants consisting of 176 males and 230 females, aged 12-14 years in Indonesia. The quantitative approach was used to research a survey design that distributes 25 questionnaires with a Likert scale 5-point as answer choices. The data analysis used the Rasch model, with Win steps 3.73 version. Findings: Study results show that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.94, which is the interaction between person and item is excellent. Furthermore, the person reliability.....

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Classroom assessment is continuously assessment throughout the teaching and learning process and used in totally in every subjects. Assessment is designed to provide the understanding and help school administrators and teachers in performing assessment process in order to obtain the feedback on students learning development and pedagogical effectiveness. However, there been an issue of assessment that faced by teachers which is the lack of training and skills in techniques that effect the level of confidence in implementation of school based assessment. Therefore, this study aims to identify the problems faced by teachers in implementing classroom assessment for one of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) subject area which is Design and Technology. Respondents comprised of 26 teachers were randomly selected from 15 secondary schools in Johor. Descriptive studies of qualitative research were selected to get an idea on experiences and the data would be segmented ac.....

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Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a native plant to Paraguay. The extracts have been used as a famous sweetening agent, and the bioactive components derived from stevia possess a broad spectrum of therapeutical potential for various illnesses. Among its medicinal benefits are anti-hypertensive, anti-tumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemia. Statins (3-hydro-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) are a class of drugs used to treat atherosclerosis. Statins are explicitly targeting the HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme in the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite being widely used in regulating plasma cholesterol levels, the adverse effects of the drug are a significant concern among clinicians and patients. Hence, steviol glycosides derived from stevia have been proposed as an alternative in replacing statins. Diterpene glycosides from stevia, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A have been evaluated for their efficacy in alleviating cholesterol levels. These.....

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The acidic microenvironment of tumour cells requires a pH-sensitive delivery mechanism for improving drug release. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using pH-sensitive ACC nanoparticles with sustained-release performance and slow degradability as carriers for lectins isolated from edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus (ABL) that exhibited anti-proliferating effects on tumour cells. ABL was purified and characterized using ion-exchange, gel filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. ABL-ACC nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple precipitation process coupled with mechanical grinding. The conjugated ABL-ACC-NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and zeta potential. Cytotoxicity of ABL-ACC-NPs was analyzed using methylthiazol tetrazolium assay against MCF-7 cells compared with ABL and A.....

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Industry 4.0 requires firms to adopt the latest technology to be more effective. However, previous studies have not addressed customer engagement (CE) and its direct benefit (buying) and indirect benefits (referring, influencing, and feedback) using modern technologies such as industry 4.0. The present study analyses customer engagement in regard to real-time information receiving (RTIR) in the downstream operations implemented through software-as-a-service technology. The data is collected from 533 customers of small businesses in retail, food & beverages, and accommodation sectors. The study's empirical model is validated using the theory of information sharing (ToIS). The outcomes specify that RTIR is the antecedent of CE. The results show the mediation effect of customer orientation on RTIR and CE relationship. The study also confirms that gender moderates three out of the four examined relationships between RTIR and CE. Subsequently, our outcomes offer a deeper understanding of RT.....

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Annotation. This study examines 290 elite athletes? stress on the training center, Indonesian National Sports Committee, Jawa Tengah. Self-rated questionnaire was used in this study, whilst data analysis used the IBM SPSS 20. Daily massive activity, interpersonal relationships, sense of self-loathing, and traumatic experience correlated to athletes? self-confidence and performance. This study addresses the competitiveness of athletes? self-esteem, positiveness, and constructi-veness into peak performance. ? 2021, Vilnius Pedagogical University. All rights reserved...

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Quality assessment of water resources is important to ensure the well-being of residents, especially the victims who are affected by floods and having difficulties in obtaining clean water supply when the floods hit. This paper seeks to discuss the quality assessment of water resources in the district of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Field methods were used to collect water samples during the northeast monsoon season in the month of December 2016/January 2017 involving six well stations, four flood water stations and four rainfall stations. The quality assessment of water resources involved six key parameters, namely DO, pH, BOD, COD, NH3N and SS using the Water Quality Index (WQI) analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the WQI percentage of well and flood water stations accounted for 61.31 to 75.95% which is Class III of moderately contaminated status, except the T6 station that recorded 80.99% of WQI value which is Class II of good status. The findings also showed that all WQI val.....

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Rotenone is a hydrophobic organic compound with the excellent insecticidal property. However, its hydrophobicity and the short period of efficacy due to rapid degradation in the presence of UV light and air have limited its application as an insecticide. This study studied the effects of hydrophobic alkyl groups on encapsulation and controlled release of rotenone by amphiphilic chitosan derivatives namely, octyl glycol chitosan (OGC) and lauryl glycol chitosan (LGC) were assessed. The physical and chemical properties of OGC and LGC were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, CHNO Elemental Analyzer, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fluorescence Spectrofluorometer, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The efficiency of OGC and LGC to encapsulate for rotenone in its micelles was determined by using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). FTIR and CHNO elemental analyses confirmed the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives were successfully synthesized.....

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This study aims to examine the usability of 'Algebraic Lab' as a learning aid in learning Mathematics topic of Algebra for Form Two. The method used is product design and development research by using ADDIE model. The approach of this study is quantitative. A total of 100 Form Two students around Perak were randomly selected for this study. Before the questionnaire was distributed, students were taught how to use the 'Algebraic Lab'. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Based on the mean analysis, the usability of 'Algebraic Lab' as a learning aid is 3.15 which is a moderate level. In conclusion, 'Algebraic Lab' is suitable for use as a learning aid for Algebra topics. The implication of this study shows that the process of teaching and learning in Malaysia through games can increase the understanding and attract students' attention to learn the topic of Algebra. In addition, the 'Algebraic Lab' gives positive impact to students, teachers, schools and the Ministry of.....

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