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The aims of this study were to determine the phytochemical constituents from the roots of Murraya koenigii and to test the antidiabetic activities. The isolation and purification of the chemical compounds involves extraction and separations by using various chromatographic methods and structural determination by specttroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) including 1D-NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT) and 2DNMR (COSY, HMQC and HMBC). The structure of the isolated compounds were compared with previous work done by other researcher. Isolation studies on the roots of Malayan M. koenigii collected from Jerantut, Pahang involving hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extract yielded eight compounds. Hexane crude extracts gave two compounds; girinimbine and murrayafoline A, while five compounds were successfully isolated from the dichloromethane crude extracts known as mahanimbine, murrayanine, 3-formylcarbazole, N-methox.....

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Research has proven that students produced by the institute of higher education were lack of soft skills, leadership skills, social skills, intellectual level, confident level which is required by the industry. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of outdoor education programs towards students’ life effectiveness skills among Sultan Idris Education University and MARA University of Technology. This study also investigates the socio demographic variables differences of life effectiveness skills and identifies outdoor education activity that preferred by the sport science and physical education students who participated in outdoor education program. This study utilized pre-test and post-test quasi experimental design. Life Effectiveness Questionnaire (LEQ- H) was administrated among 256 participants who were chosen as a sample by using purposive sampling. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis, paired sample t- test and MANOVA analysis. The primary findings .....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina dan menentusahkan Instrumen Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (i-PBS). Draf pertama instrumen ini mengandungi 50 item yang terdiri daripada kombinasi ujian aneka pilihan dan soal selidik berbentuk skala Likert 5- mata. Ujian aneka pilihan dibina untuk menilai tahap pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru melaksanakan PBS manakala skala Likert 5-mata pula dibina untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan kekuatan dan kekangan guru melaksanakan PBS. Populasi kajian terdiri daripada 1230 orang guru sekolah rendah di Daerah Rompin, Pahang. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 655 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak daripada kesemua 43 buah sekolah rendah di daerah tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Model pengukuran Rasch digunakan untuk menentukan kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan item melalui nilai-nilai kebolehpercayaan dan pengasingan item, kesesuaian item (item fit), polariti item, peta item individu dan taburan kesukaran item. Keselur.....

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