The Indian labour movement in the estates in Kedah, occurs within a short period of time without bringing any new changes to them. The experience of Indian labourers who joined the INA during the Second World War enabled them to join the labour movements to overcome oppression against them. The Indian labour movement in the estates in Kedah has undergone radical and militant changes within a short period of time. This change has been manifested in the form of a strike and disruption due to the willingness of Indian estate workers to cooperate with any parties willing to work with them in particular CPM. The Indian labour movement in the estates in Kedah was also stunted as they did not act individually to achieve their goals. The Indian estate labour movement’s move to accept CPM as its counterpart is a major mistake as it has brought Indian labour movement particularly in the estates in Kedah and Malaya generally towards the brink of destruction...

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Creative movement is one of the teaching and learning methods that helps to develop one’s potential in communicating expressions creatively, applied through a series of movements. This type of learning relies on imaginations to explore movements, depending on the types of movements to be created. Exploration of creative movements by using variety of props lead to the freedom of ideas in creative imaginations. The ability to master the process of movements’ creation by using props is essential in giving interpretations and forming the thoughts towards active and dynamic levels, to improve imaginative abilities. Therefore, this research was conducted to discover how the use of props helped in improving children’s imaginative abilities through exploration of creative movements. Props were selected as tools and stimuli to enable the children to carry out imaginative explorations in movements, portraying their creative ideas. Important focus was given to kinesthetic stimulation in for.....

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A valid and reliable instrument is needed to assess the implementation of a program known as ‘Program Guru Penyayang’ in schools. The purpose of this study is to develop the instrument and validate it. The instrument is in the form of questionnaire distributed to a sample of 230 primary school teachers teaching Orang Asli students. The content validity is assessed by the experts and the construct validity is measured by Exploratory Factor Analysis. The reliability of the instrument is measured using internal consistence reliability, which is alpha coefficient reliability or Cronbach Alpha. Results of Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested that 23 items need to be removed due to their non-dimensionality as they have more or less equal loadings on several factors. Thus, the final draft of the instrument contains 46 items which is valid and reliable. It yielded high values of internal consistency as reflected by the Cronbach alpha values. Even though the validity and reliability of the.....

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Ta?abbudi and Ma?qulatul al-Ma?na are two topics of discussion among Usul al-Fiqh scholars pertaining to Qiyas chapter and it is utmost vital in the process of developing and forming the Shariah law. Looking at the current development of Islamic Law and the need to research on the processes of how the Shariah law (hukm) is formed, this study is done. With a concrete understanding of the Ta’abudi and Ma’qulatul al-Ma’na concepts along with both of its application will definitely assist those who are involve in deducing the law; Law which conforms to the existing methodology and accurate “instibat” law practices. Without a clear understanding of the two concepts, it is feared that the law will not meet the Syarak requirements and methodology that have been set by Islamic scholars especially from Shafie School of law.Utilizing entirely the library research method, this study tried to analyze these two concepts by looking at its meaning and understanding, as well as its applicati.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti kesan latihan kemahiran psikologi Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) ke atas tekanan emosi dalam kalangan pemain bola jaring berumur 10 dan 11 tahun. Sampel kajian adalah terdiri daripada 10 orang pemain yang berumur 10 tahun dan 10 orang berumur 11 tahun (N = 20). Data kajian ini diperoleh melalui skor borang soal selidik Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) untuk mengukur tahap tekanan emosi. Analisis nilai min dan peratusan digunakan untuk melihat tahap tekanan emosi manakala ujian Mixed Anova digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan latihan PMR terhadap kumpulan rawatan iaitu pemain bola jaring yang menyertai Karnival Tunas Mini Olimpik (KATMO). Subjek dibahagikan kepada kumpulan kawalan yang menjalani sesi menyejukkan badan seperti biasa manakala kumpulan rawatan menjalani PMR. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perbezaan kesan yang signifikan antara skor kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan, F(1, 18) = 50.22, p = .00, ηp 2 = 0.74) di mana kumpulan rawatan .....

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Artificial seed production technique for Carica papaya L. var Eksotika is considered as a valuable alternate technology of propagation. Limited availability of the elite genotypes apprehends the utility of the C. papaya L. var Eksotika plants, for industrial use and ecological improvement. Therefore, development of an efficient method for C. papaya L. var Eksotika artificial seeds production by encapsulation of micro shoots in sodium alginate matrix were produced. Artificial seeds of C. papaya L. var Eksotika were produced by encapsulated micro shoots of C. papaya L. varieties Eksotika propagated in vitro. The production of artificial plant seeds of this species offered ideal beads based upon stiffness, texture, size and shape of beads. It was found that 4% sodium alginate and harden in two hundred millimolar CaCl2.2H2O solution produced optimum beads with stiff, clear, round and homogeneous size for 30 minutes among the concentrations tested...

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The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the model that has been developed. This evaluation determines the suitability of the model to be used as a guide for preschool educators in raising the children's creative imagination through traditional Malay songs. In order to acquire the agreement value for each phase and their interrelation based on experts’ opinion, the Fuzzy Delphi Method was adopted. A set of questionnaire was administered to a group of 50 experts who are selected based on specified criteria. The defuzzification value obtained by the whole item belongs to the very agree group and extremely agree group. This is because all the items are within the range of 33.6 to 46.8. Overall, this construct has reached high consensus among experts based on the defuzzification values of each construct items...

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The study is a review of the medical references found in the Tamil proverbs of Cenkani (1996) in the text entitled, Tami?n???uppa?amo?ika? 2000. It is a small attempt, to reveal the medical references practiced among the ancient Tamil people, and to exhibit them in a simple and clear way to the contemporary people. The ancestors of Tamils inscribed the medical references in Siddar songs and in palm leaf manuscript. In the ancient days, people used the proverbs as a tool to solve the medical related problems. Since, the proverbs were short, simple and understandable by all; it was a great help for the laity people. Though the proverbs have a tiny structure, the concepts have in-depth connotation. They are applicable for all the people including male, female, children and adults. Due to the importance of medical references found in Proverbs, several studies have been conducted by both local and foreign researchers. Nevertheless, the study of proverbs in medicine is a new undertaking by r.....

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The historical of curriculum in Malaysia contains various of historical events whether it’s related to the things in Malaysia as well as in the world. The historical of curriculum arranged in such way so that all of the students can follow the curriculum throughout the national education system. In 2014, the Ministry of Education Malaysia created history when history subjects were introduced at primary school which started at the second level that is fourth year students by using a curriculum better known as Curriculum Standard Content and Learning (DSKP). Malay historiography is one of the historical events of traditional texts which the way it was written contrasts with the style of modern history writing based on western traditions. Hence, Malay historiography should be an important platform for the sustainability of the Malay tradition history in the context of the Nusantara and Malaya (Malaysia). This study aims to see the ability of students whether in primary or secondary scho.....

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Citizenship education is not just a matter of learning the basic facts about institutions and procedures of political life, but also understanding about politics, the law and the economy, and the civic skills to engage effectively and responsibly in public and democratic life. To meet these requirements, various pedagogical approaches including service-learning, community service and volunteerism have been designed. Service-learning in Civics and Citizenship Education (CCE) requires the students to involve themselves in the community, either within the school community or the neighborhood community. This paper attempts to discuss the use of service learning as a learning tools to promote a participative citizen in multi-ethnic Malaysia...

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