Purpose of the study-The major objective of the research is to analyse how the events from the epic poem Ramayana are used in three Malaysian Tamil modern poems to portray the dilemma of the present-day spinsters. Methodology: The design of this study is qualitative method and the method of descriptive analysis has also been used. Main Findings: The findings show that the selected three Malaysian Tamil modern poems have been written to illustrate the problems faced by spinsters by using two events from the Ramayana. Of the three poems, one poem uses the event featuring Akalikai waiting for Rama's arrival to release her from her cursed life and two other poems showcase Sita waiting for the coming of Rama to break the bow and marry her. Applications of this study: This study is useful in finding out the effectiveness of using situations from epics to the poems of modern days in drawing examples, guidances and reflections so as to understand and find solutions to the problems of spinsters.....

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Nigeria has not been able to generate adequate revenue to match her expenditure over the years. It is not surprising therefore, that the country frequently operates deficit budget with its negative consequences on the current account balance. This study investigates the twin deficits hypothesis (that is, budget deficits and current account deficits relationship) for Nigeria over the 1981-2017 period using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimation techniques. The result of the cointegration test indicates that there is a long-run relationship between budget deficits and current account deficits (along with oil prices and interest rate). The estimation results show that increases in budget deficits lead to increases in current account deficits in Nigeria in the short-run and the long-run. This finding validates the Keynesian assertion, but refutes the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis with respect to the relationship between the two def.....

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This study has brought a new dimension in engineering education where the researchers investigated the motivation of engineering undergraduates in using a specifically developed self-directed personalized learning environment utilizing WhatsApp application to overcome the issues that hamper the teaching and learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed that the respondents responded positively towards the intrinsic motivation and self-determination while the respondents responded negatively on assessment anxiety and grade motivation. The findings revealed that the developed platform need to be improved in order to bring forward as anal ternative teaching and learning platform in future.  ..

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A coastal tourist area is a natural resource of non-market goods where its economic value is important to assess and should be calculated due to the available resources to maintain for further generation use. The economic value of coastal tourist area was determined by the willingness to pay (WTP) among the tourist to assess to the tourist site. This article aims to determine the economic value of coastal tourist area in Pasir Bogak beach, Pangkor Island using Travel Cost Method (TCM). By adopting the travel cost method (TCM), the individual travel costs and expenses paid by local tourists for their visit to the coastal tourist area in Pasir Bogak beach were measured. A total of 64 local tourists were selected as respondents of the survey method. The findings suggested that the mean of the total expenses paid by an individual tourist for the duration of between two to three days stay in Pasir Bogak Beach was around RM 219.39 per visit. The studies show that Pasir Bogak beach receive le.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan membina Modul Love Biology dan menilai kesannya terhadap pencapaian kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) serta hubungan minat dengan KBAT pelajar. Pembinaan modul ini berdasarkan pembelajaran inkuiri dan koperatif dalam Bab 8: Ekosistem Dinamik. Kajian ini menggunakan dua jenis rekabentuk iaitu rekabentuk pembangunan bagi membangunkan modul menggunakan Model Sidek dan Jamaludin dan rekabentuk kuasi eksperimen untuk menentukan kesan modul terhadap KBAT. Pemilihan responden kajian dijalankan secara pensampelan rawak berkelompok melibatkan 86 orang pelajar tingkatan empat aliran sains yang mengambil mata pelajaran Biologi dari dua buah sekolah di daerah Betong, Sarawak. Responden kajian terdiri daripada 43 orang pelajar kumpulan rawatan dan 43 orang pelajar kumpulan kawalan. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan mendapat kesahan peratus persetujuan pakar yang tinggi untuk ujian pencapaian pra dan pasca (100%) dan soal selidik (93.2%) serta kebolehpercayaan yang.....

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Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara kepuasan kerja dengan komitmen organisasi dalam kalangan Ketua Panitia sekolah rendah di Zon Keramat, Kuala Lumpur. Kajian ini menggunakan Inventori Kepuasan Kerja Herzberg dan Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Seramai 251 orang Ketua Panitia daripada 25 buah sekolah yang terpilih terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferens. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepuasan kerja mempengaruhi komitmen organisasi (β = 0.772, p < 0.05). Kajian juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara kepuasan kerja berdasarkan jantina t=(251; p=0.363) = 0.911, p > 0.05 dan umur, F(3,247; p=0.297)= 1.23, p > 0.05. Pengalaman mengajar didapati mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan komitmen organisasi F(2,248; p=0.044) = 3.171, p < 0.05. Pengalaman sebagai Ketua Panitia didapati mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepuasan kerja F(2,248; .....

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Kajian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  memencilkan  dan  mencirikan  aminoasilase  termostabil daripada bakterium termofilik.  Dalam pemencilan bakterium, sampel air dan sedimen telah   diperolehi   dari  Air  Panas  Ulu  Slim,  Perak.  Aminoasilase   SZN  termostabil diekstrak   secara intrasellular dan ditulenkan sehingga homogen dengan menggunakan kromatografi   pertukaran    ion  dan  pengasingan   saiz  dalam  eksperimen   seterusnya. Aminoasilase  SZN yang tulen telah  dicirikan pada pelbagai  suhu, pH, ion logam dan perencat.  Kajian  struktur  lebih  lanjut   menggunakan  spektrokopi  sirkular  dikroisma dilakukan  bagi menentukan  kestabilan  a-heliks dan  lembaran     dalam pelbagai  suhu. Penghasil    aminoasilase    termofilik    yang    dipencilkan     itu    dikenalpasti    sebagai Geobacillus  sp.  strain  SZN.  Aminoasilase  SZN  dicirikan   sebagai  enzim  termostabil dengan  aktiviti  .....

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Analisis tekstual hadis Rasulullah SAW masih tidak meliputi seluruh aspek kepemimpinan baginda. Kajian kritis wacana kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga baginda perlu sebagai model masyarakat. Konflik timbul dalam rumah tangga akibat kurang persefahaman antara pasangan. Permasalahan ini perlu kembali kepada rujukan agama yang telah dipraktis oleh baginda Rasulullah SAW sebagai model qiwiimah rumah tangga. Praktis kepemimpinan baginda terangkum dalam bentuk wac ana hadis terutamanya hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Aisyah r.a .. OIeh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenaI pasti ciri-ciri bahasa kepemimpinan rumah tangga baginda dan amalan wacana dalam periwayatan hadis. Data dikumpuI daripada sebelas buah hadis mengenai peristiwa-peristiwa utama yang berlaku dalam rumah tangga baginda yang diambil daripada kitab hadis Sahih Al-Bukhariy. Analisis dibuat menggunakan pendekatan Model Tiga Dimensi Fairclough (1995) dalam analisis wacana kritis yang menganggap bahasa adalah satu bentuk.....

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Up to now, no individual study on Kuwait with respect to the underground economy and tax evasion has been conducted using the recent adjusted form of currency demand function model (CDFM) before. This paper estimates the size of underground economy behind tax evasion from 1991: Q1 to 2010: Q4. It applies the Zivot-Andrews (ZA) procedure for the stationarity analysis, and Gregory-Hansen (GH) long run cointegrating technique for estimating the underground economy based on the adjusted currency demand function approach. While the general-to-specific technique is used to estimate the short-run error correction model. Toda-Yamamoto test is also used to explore the causal relationship between the underground economy and the non-oil tax revenues' variable. It finds that the averaged sizes of the underground economy and the tax evasion to the official gross domestic product (GDP) in Kuwait constituted about 24.95%, and 2.83% respectively.    ..

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Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is an illustration of effective partnering and collaboration practices between upstream and downstream points in a supply chain. VMI policy is an integrating decision between a supplier and the customers in which the supplier takes the accountability of sustaining the customers’ inventory while confirming that no stock-out. The supplier indicates when each delivery time takes place, so that the customers are no longer responses to the customers' orders. Under the VMI system, the planning is proactive as it is based on the available information rather than reactive to customers' orders. Consequently, in this paper, we expected that the demand at the construction sites are constant and stationary, and the construction consolidation centre (CCC) is implementing a VMI system. The concentration of this paper is to minimize the transportation and inventory holding costs of the customers for a two-stage supply chain system in the construction industry. The pro.....

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