Kajian ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan Modul Latihan Ubahsuaian berasaskan Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) dalam permainan bola sepak. Modul tersebut bertujuan menilai tahap pemain semasa latihan dan pertandingan. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimen pra dan pasca ujian bagi kumpulan seimbang. Persampelan rawak berstrata digunakan untuk memilih seramai 30 orang pemain bola sepak bawah 15 tahun dan dua orang jurulatih dari dua buah sekolah menengah daerah Kinta Utara. Kajian ini menggunakan instrumen senarai semak pemerhatian, modul latihan ubahsuaian berasaskan TGfU, soal selidik penilaian kendiri pemain dan soal selidik maklum balas modul. Hasil kajian mendapati tahap pencapaian pemain dalam strategi menyerang dan strategi bertahan serta rumusan keseluruhan permainan menunjukkan tahap yang sangat baik (M=209.33, SD=4.28). Hasil analisis Ujian-t tidak bersandar menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan iaitu [t (25.31) = 28; P ..

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It is very important to check for validity and reliability of self-report scales or measures. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of an instrument which is adapted from Harris and Brown (2008) known as ‘Teachers' Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) inventory’. The instrument consists of 37 items from 9 constructs namely irrelevance, improvement, accountability, encouragement and self-type, task, process, self-regulation, peer and self-assessment and timeliness. One hundred and eighty-five (N=185) undergraduate students who are also the student teachers had completed the questionnaire. Respondents used a six-point agreement rating scale coded as strongly disagree=1, mostly disagree=2, slightly agree=3, moderately agree=4, mostly agree=5 and strongly agree=6. The content was validated by three experts in the field of measurement and evaluation. Data analysis was completed using the Rasch measurement model. The findings revealed that most items fit the model as their.....

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Prismatomeris is a genus of the family Rubiaceae, which is mainly distributed in Southeast Asia. Some of the species were used to treat wounds, hepatitis, anemia, leukocythemia, pneumoconiosis, bronchitis, and as aphrodisiac. Up to now, the reported constituents from the genus Prismatomeris include anthraquinones, iridoids, and triterpenoids. Among them, anthraquinones, the characteristic components of this species become an intention due to their complex structures and significant biological features such as cytotoxic, antitumor, anticancer, antifungal, antimalarial, antiplasmodial, and antituberculosis activities. This review presents a systematic compilation of available data of secondary metabolites and their bioactivity studies of the genus Prismatomeris. It may lead to upcoming drug design, and therefore, provide a reference for advanced study and application of Prismatomeris...

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Background: Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, we attempted to isolate the phytochemicals from Piper caninum and Piper magnibaccum and evaluate their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Methods: Phytochemical constituents of the extract were investigated using various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. The structures of the isolated phytochemicals were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as compared to that of reported data. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was also tested on the extracts and selected compounds using mushroom tyrosinase as the enzyme. Results: Fractionation and purification of the extracts of Piper.....

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The chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Alseodaphne perakensis (Gamble) Kosterm (Lauraceae) growing in Perak, Malaysia was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 37 components (90.9 ± 2.5%) were successfully identified in the essential oil which were characterized by high proportions of bicyclogermacrene (15.8 ± 0.5%), d-cadinene (11.7 ± 0.2%), c-cadinene (6.3 ± 0.4%), and aromadendrene (5.6 ± 0.5%)...

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Chemical constituents and biological activities of the aerial parts of Piper erecticaule C.DC. have been studied for the first time. Fractionation and purification of the extracts afforded aristolactam AII (1), aristolactam BII (2), piperolactam A (3), piperolactam C (4),piperolactam D (5), together with terpenoids of β-sitosterol, β-sitostenone, taraxerol, and lupeol. The structures of these compounds were obtained by analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as the comparison with that of reported data. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity revealed that compounds 1 and 3 showed strong AChE inhibitory effects with the percentage inhibition of 75.8% and 74.8%, respectively..

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Kajian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengenalpasti  hubungan  amalan  pengajaran  guru  mengikut persepsi   pelajar  dan  sikap  pelajar  terhadap  pencapaian  Ekonomi  Asas  di antara  Sekolah Menengah  Kebangsaan (SMK) dan Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SMJK) di Pulau Pinang. Persampelan  kajian terdiri daripada 125 pelajar Tingkatan 5 daripada empat buah sekolah SMK dan 125 pelajar  Tingkatan 5 daripada tiga buah sekolah SMJK di Pulau Pinang.  Kajian  menggunakan  kaedah  tinjauan   dan  data  diperoleh  dengan  menggunakan soal  selidik.  Instrumen  yang  digunakan  dalam  soal   selidik  kajian  ini  mengandungi  dua bahagian  iaitu  amalan   pengajaran   guru   mengikut    persepsi   pelajar  yang  dibangunkan berdasarkan  instrumen  soal  selidik  Wan  Mohd  Rani   Abdullah,  (1989) dengan  nilai alpha Cronbach 0.875 dan sikap pelajar terhadap Ekonomi  Asas yang  dibangunkan  berdasarkan instrume.....

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Phytochemical investigation from the leaves and stem extracts of Piper maingayi Hk.F. resulted in the isolation of a new amide,N-isobutyl-15-(3??,4??-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,12Z-pentadecatrienamide (1), together with sesamin (2), piperumbellactam A (3), cepharadione A (4), cepharadione B (5), piperolactam A (6), oleic acid (7), methyl linolenate (8), β-sitosterol (9), butyl dodecanoate (10), and isovanillic acid (11). Their structures were established by the analysis of their spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric (MS) data, as well as by comparison with those reported in the literature. Compound (1) exhibited strong inhibition against lipoxygenase (15-LOX) at IC50 42.5 μM and antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtillis and Pseudomas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg/mL each.  ..

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This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil of Pseuduvaria macrophylla (Oliv.) Merr. (Annonaceae) from Malaysia. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis led to the identification of thirty-four chemical components that represented 87.7 ± 0.5% of the total oil. The essential oil was found to be rich in germacrene D (21.1 ± 0.4%), bicyclogermacrene (10.5 ± 0.5%), d-cadinene (5.6 ± 0.2%), a-copaene (5.1 ± 0.3%), and a-cadinol (5.0 ± 0.3%). Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated using Ellman method. The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (I%: 32.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (I%: 35.4%) assays. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of the essent.....

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The purpose of this study is to acquire expert reviews regarding a comparison between fine motor skills traditional activities with multi-touch gestures screen design. The multi-touch gestures enables children to perform multiple finger gestures such as free rotate, pinch and spread on touch screen design. The gestures are often selected because it is similar to reallife movements. Furthermore, it can enhance the interaction between users and virtual objects. Free rotate gesture enables children to rotate the objects on screen. Pinch gesture enables children to focus on the objects on screen by moving two fingers toward each other. Spread gesture enables children to make the objects look bigger on screen by moving two fingers away from each other. As these gestures involved small muscle movements, it was believed to be related to fine motor skills development. Therefore, this study aimed to get expert reviews about the pre-school children’s fine motor skills development by comparing .....

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