This study aimed to identify the level of state anxiety among football players of a Malaysian premier league and a university football players. This study involved 40 players aged between 18 to 32 years old. The questionnaire used in this study was Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Reverse Survey (CSAI-2R) to measure the level of athlete's somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence. The findings showed that the premier league players has a lower level of somatic and cognitive anxiety than the university players. Premier league players also were shown to have higher levels of self-confidence. Based on the findings, experience and achievement level are the contributing factors in determining the level of anxiety and increasing self-confidence. The more experience and skills the athlete has, the easier it is for athletes to control the level of anxiety...

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Wakaf merupakan elemen penting dalam perkembangan Islam. Namun, wujud pelbagai isu dalam pengurusan dan pembangunan wakaf kini yang menyebabkan manfaat pembangunan tidak dapat dinikmati oleh masyarakat. Wakaf Perak Ar-Ridzuan (WPAR) telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 2015 bertujuan untuk menguruskan pembangunan wakaf di Perak secara efisien.Walau bagaimanapun, isu kekurangan dana untuk menyegerakan pembangunan merupakan isu penting. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti tahap kesedaran masyarakat Islam di Perak berkaitan WPAR dari aspek penubuhan, perancangan pembangunan, kaedah berwakaf dan lain-lain. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui borang soal selidik sebagai instrumen mendapatkan data yang mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu profil responden pada bahagian A dan tahap pengetahuan berkaitan WPAR pada bahagian B. Seramai 312 responden terlibat dalam kajian ini. Analisis deskriptif dan analisis silang diaplikasi bagi menganalisis data-data diperoleh. Hasil kajian men.....

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This study aimed to identify and compare the level of mental toughness that consisted of five subfactors namely the reversal of mistakes, pressure control, focus, self-confidence, and motivation among football players of a state and university football team. The questionnaire used in this study was Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) that measure the level of mental toughness among the players. The findings showed that the state players scored greater mistake reversibility, pressure control, focus concentration, and self-confidence compared to university players. No significant differences of motivation between those two clubs. The findings of this study can provide guidance to coaches especially to identify the level of mental strength among their players and provide appropriate mental training.  ..

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Reka bentuk flat dan skeuomorphism merupakan pendekatan yang seringkali digunakan dalam pelbagai bentuk medium komunikasi. Kedua pendekatan ini juga menjadi asas kepada reka bentuk emoji yang dikatakan berjaya menjana emosi dalam komunikasi teks. Namun, komunikasi teks yang dimaksudkan hanya merangkumi komunikasi secara digital atau dalam talian sahaja. Komunikasi lain yang juga berorientasikan teks, seperti poster kesedaran juga seharusnya boleh menggunakan emoji bagi menjana emosi positif pengguna. Namun, timbul persoalan mengenai pendekatan reka bentuk yang bagaimana dapat memberi kesan emosi positif yang seterusnya mampu mencetus empati dalam kalangan pengguna? Oleh itu, bagi menjawab persoalan ini, suatu kerangka konseptual awal dibina dengan bersandarkan tinjauan literatur yang dilakukan dalam penulisan ini. Kerangka konseptual ini boleh dijadikan panduan dalam membina persoalan-persoalan kajian lanjutan terhadap isu ini...

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Psychological well-being is fundamental to the overall health of undergraduates, particularly to enable them to address challenges at the university. A review of related literature showed that there are various factors influencing individual’s psychological well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of resilience on the psychological well-being of university undergraduates. For this purpose, a total of 200 undergraduates from local public universities (male = 90, female = 110) participated in this exploratory study. Responses were analysed using Smart PLS 3.0 to model the influence of the two variables. Results demonstrated two significant findings. Firstly, reliable and valid adapted instruments measuring resilience and psychological well-being were established, and secondly, resilience is a significant predictor and it explained 48.2% variance in psychological well-being. The findings are discussed in relation to the development of a model that relates th.....

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Anionic surfactants are one of the pollutants derived from particulate matter (PM) and adversely afect the health of living organisms. In this study, the compositions of surfactants extracted from PM and vehicle soot collected in an urban area were investigated. A high-volume air sampler was used to collect PM sample at urban area based on coarse (>1.5 µm) and fne (..

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The purpose of this study is to design a questionnaire instrument for an attribute assessment on communication skills, leadership and teamwork for the students in Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Malaysia. Four variables are used to measure the attributes of communication skills, leadership and teamwork, including oral communication, written communication, leadership and teamwork. A number of 212 Sports Science students have been selected as the study sample. The study analysis uses Cronbach's alpha test to obtain reliability of the instrument. Factor analysis is also used to obtain validity on social skill and responsibility instruments. Finding from the factor analysis shows that only 59 questionnaires items from the overall 65 items are valid for the assessment. All of the assessment items on communication skills, leadership and teamwork questionnaires obtained high reliability value which is r = .93.  ..

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The aim of this study is to determine and develop health related physical fitness criterion reference norm for Form Six Sports Science students in Kedah. Health related physical fitness should be evaluated among these students to make sure potential candidates selected to study in form six. The purposive sampling method used to select 225 subjects, consists of 107 male and 118 female students. The Prudential FITNESSGRAM® was used to measure cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility and body mass index (BMI). Researchers used the mean, standard deviation, z scores and t scores to produce the overall health related fitness norm. Base on the norm produced the result for male and female students showed there were clear differences among both genders in each and every component of health related physical fitness level. The findings also proved that gender plays a major role in physical fitness and there should be separate norms by gender for all the fitne.....

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A good educational digital game should be error free and engaging to ensure it can increase students’ learning motivation. While there is an abundant of educational digital games available in the market, many seem to not fulfil players’ need and some contain technical or content errors, which will defy their purpose as education games. Thus, this study aims to validate eMufradat which is an educational digital-game application for learning Arabic vocabulary. This study is a qualitative study and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with nine experts in instructional design and technology and Arabic as a second language. The subject matter experts were selected purposively from various universities in Malaysia. The finding indicates that e-Mufradat is aligned with multimedia learning theory and embedded digital game-based learning principles. ..

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This manuscript reports results of an empirical assessment of a newly developed measure designed to assess apprentice teaching proficiency. In this study, Many Facets Rasch model software was used to evaluate the psychometric quality of the Framework for Equitable and Effective Teaching (FEET), a rater-mediated assessment. The analysis focused on examining variability in (1) supervisor severity in ratings, (2) level of item difficulty, (3) time of assessment, and (4) teacher apprentice proficiency. Added validity evidence showed moderate correlation with self-reports of apprentice teaching. The findings showed support for the FEET as yielding reliable ratings with a need for added rater training.  ..

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