Proses penciptaan sebuah karya bermula daripada pengalaman batin pengarang melihat kehidupannya dari aspek sosial, budaya, politik, ekonomi, keagamaan, moral, mahupun gender. Lantaran itu, hasil penulisannya itu yang sering kali diwarnai dan didasari oleh oleh sikap, latar belakang dan keyakinan dan kepercayaan pengarang itu sendiri. Salah satu aspek yang menarik untuk kita kaji dalam karya yang dihasilkan ialah kehadiran watak dan perwatakan wanita. Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada kesedaran bahawa karya-karya sastera oleh pengarang lelaki sering menggambarkan wanita dengan tidak adil. Oleh itu, penelitian ini cuba menyelami sejauhmana pendirian ini menonjol dalam karya Re. Karthigesu dan melihat adakah kebenaran dalam tanggapan seumpama ini. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga cuba mendekati watak dan perwatakan wanita dalam novel Anthima kaalam membuktikan bahawa wanita mempunyai imej, pengalaman, suara, keinginan, wawasan, bahasa dan budaya mereka yang dicemari oleh ketidakadilan. Da.....

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Education plays an important role in a society. Each and every country around the globe has its own education system to educate their own society. In this way, Malaysia has its own education system. Here, students undergo education in different stages such as, kindergarten (pre-school), primary school (elementary), secondary school (high), and college or university. Of these, kindergarten, primary and secondary educations are in schools. School education is basic for a child. Hence, teacher role is very essential in teaching and learning process. Sultan Idris Education University is No.1 Education University which produces a lot of teachers and are been posted as teachers in various parts of the country. Thus posted teachers teach in secondary schools in Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the pedagogy knowledge of the secondary school teachers using testing and evaluation theory. The study is limited to the Perak state teachers of Malaysia. The researcher has use.....

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Sains perubatan hari ini menyatakan bahawa pembentukan janin terhasil daripadapersenyawaan antara sperma dan ovum. Dalam hal ini, air mani perempuan  yang dikeluarkan ketika hubungan jenis tidak mempunyai sebarang fungsi dalam pembentukan janin kerana air mani perempuan tidak mempunyai kromosom berbeza dengan air mani lelaki. Walaubagaimanapun, Imam Nawawiy ketika membuat huraian terhadap hadith Nabi s.a.w. ( ??? ??? ( ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? membayangkan kepada kita bahawa pembentukan janin terhasil daripada persenyawaan antara air mani lelaki dengan air mani perempuan yang dikeluarkan ketika berlakunya hubungan jenis. Pendapat ini bukan sahaja tersasar, malah membayangkan Imam Nawawiy terkeliru antara air mani perempuan dengan ovum, selain boleh mendatangkan fitnah ke atas junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad s.a.w..

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Tujuan – Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pedagogi guru awal Matematik dalam kalangan kanak-kanak di Pusat Anak PERMATA Negara (PAPN) dan mengenal pasti sejauh manakah pendekatanleksis berdasarkan Teori Prosodi Semantik dapat menjelaskan kekaburan kemahiran prosedur dan terminologi awal Matematik Metodologi – Kajian ini melibatkan 20 orang guru dan 60 orang 1. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah soal selidik dan senarai semak pencerapan dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc). Proses pencerapan PdPc hanya melibatkan 8 orang guru yang terpilih secara rawak. Kajian ini juga mengaplikasikan korpus daripada Pangkalan data Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) untuk meneliti kolokasi kata dan konteks berkaitan leksikal padanan, kumpul, mengasingkan dan banding. Dapatan – Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa PdPc, guru mengajar konsep padanan dengan menjelmakan perkataan cari yang sama, pilih yang sama, sama tak bentuk, sama dengan, dan tarik, manakala konsep kumpul dijelmakan dengan leksikal sepe.....

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In medical systems for patient’s authentication, keeping biometric data secure is a general problem. Many studies have presented various ways of protecting biometric data especially finger vein biometric data. Thus, It is needs to find better ways of securing this data by applying the three principles of information security aforementioned, and creating a robust verification system with high levels of reliability, privacy and security. Moreover, it is very difficult to replace biometric information and any leakage of biometrics information leads to earnest risks for example replay attacks using the robbed biometric data. In this paper presented criticism and analysis to all attempts as revealed in the literature review and discussion the proposes a novel verification secure framework based confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) standard in triplex blockchain-particle swarm optimization (PSO)-advanced encryption standard (AES) techniques for medical systems patient’s auth.....

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This paper presents comprehensive insights into mobile patient monitoring systems (MPMSs) from evaluation and benchmarking aspects on the basis of two critical directions. The current evaluation criteria of MPMSs based on the architectural components of MPMSs and possible solutions are discussed. This review highlights four serious issues, namely, multiple evaluation criteria, criterion importance, unmeasurable criteria and data variation, in MPMS benchmarking. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis techniques are proposed as effective solutions to solve these issues from a methodological aspect. This methodological aspect involves a framework for benchmarking MPMSs on the basis of MCDM to rank available MPMSs and select a suitable one. The benchmarking framework is discussed in four steps. Firstly, pre-processing and identification procedures are presented. Secondly, the procedure of weight calculation based on the best–worst method (BWM) is described. Thirdly, the developmen.....

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The main objective of this study is to propose a novel verification secure framework for patient authentication between an access point (patient enrolment device) and a node database. For this purpose, two stages are used. Firstly, we propose a new hybrid biometric pattern model based on a merge algorithm to combine radio frequency identification and finger vein (FV) biometric features to increase the randomisation and security levels in pattern structure. Secondly, we developed a combination of encryption, blockchain and steganography techniques for the hybrid pattern model. When sending the pattern from an enrolment device (access point) to the node database, this process ensures that the FV biometric verification system remains secure during authentication by meeting the information security standard requirements of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Blockchain is used to achieve data integrity and availability. Particle swarm optimisation steganography and advanced encryp.....

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The evaluation and benchmarking processes of active queue management (AQM) methods are complicated and challenging. Several evaluation criteria/metrics must be considered before an AQM method can yield satisfactory performance using speci¯c metric(s). Further investigations are required to highlight the limitations of how criteria/metrics are determined and how their procedures accord with the evaluation and benchmarking processes of AQM. In this paper, we presented comprehensive insights into the multi-criteria evaluation and benchmarking of AQM methods based on two critical directions. First, current AQM evaluation criteria are collected, analyzed and categorized. Second, these AQM evaluation criteria highlight con°icting issues and benchmarking techniques to identify weak points, and possible solutions are discussed. The ¯ndings of this study are as follows: (1) The limitations and problems of existing AQM evaluation and benchmarking methods, such as multi-evaluation criteria, cr.....

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The new and disruptive technologies for ensuring smartphone security are very limited and largely scattered. The available options and gaps in this research area must be analysed to provide valuable insights about the present technological environment. This work illustrates the research landscape by mapping the existing literature to a comprehensive taxonomy with four categories. The frst category includes review and survey articles related to smartphone security. The second category includes papers on smartphone security solutions. The third category includes smartphone malware studies that examine the security aspects of smartphones and the threats posed by malware. The fourth category includes ranking, clustering and classifcation studies that classify malware based on their families or security risk levels. Several smartphone security apps have also been analysed and compared based on their mechanisms to identify their contents and distinguishing features by using several evaluatio.....

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The emerging technology breakthrough of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to offer promising solutions for indoor/outdoor healthcare, which may contribute significantly to human health and well-being. In this paper, we investigated the technologies of healthcare service applications in telemedicine architecture. We aimed to resolve a series of healthcare problems on the frequent failures in telemedicine architecture through IoT solutions, particularly the failures of wearable body sensors (Tier 1) and a medical center server (Tier 3). For improved generalisability, we demonstrated an effective research approach, the fault-tolerant framework on mHealth or the so-called FTF-mHealth-IoT in the context of IoT, to resolve essential problems in current investigations on healthcare services. First, we propose a risk local triage algorithm known as the risk-level localization triage (RLLT), which can exclude the control process of patient triage from the medical center by using mHealth .....

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