Middlemen are often accused as unethical and oppressing the farmers. Nevertheless, they remain essential to the value chain of agriculture product. This article aims to examine the ethics of middlemen within the small-scale agriculture sector based on the Theory of Moral Sentiment. This study employs a semi structured interview method with four palm oil fruit entrepreneurs (FD) in Sabak Bernam, Selangor. The interviews are guided by semi-structured questions. The findings indicate that the middleman business possess the element of rational sympathy and benevolence prescribed by the Moral Sentiment Theory. The execution of moral sentiment found in two areas - the commercial and social services. The commercial services consist of normal business activities such as purchase of crude palm fruits (FFB), farm management, selling of farm materials and transportation. Although the activities are fee-based, the smallholders gain benefits from the offered services. On the other hand, the social .....

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Program integrasi sawit diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga pekebun kecil sawit. Program ini dilaksana melalui Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia (MPOB) dan dilaksanakan dalam dua bentuk, iaitu tanaman sawit bersama tanaman lain dan tanaman sawit bersama ternakan. Persoalannya ialah, adakah program integrasi sawit ini berupaya meningkatkan pendapatan pekebun kecil sawit. Artikel ini ditulis bagi menilai sejauhmana amalan integrasi dalam kalangan pekebun kecil sawit mampu meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga mereka? Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai sejauhmanakah proram integrasi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga pekebun kecil sawit. Bagi tujuan tersebut, seramai 130 orang pekebun kecil sawit yang mengusahakan integrasi sawit di Sabah telah dianalisis dalam kajian ini. Statistik deskriptif dan ujian khi kuasa-dua digunakan bagi menjawab objektif kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan sebahagian besar pekebun kecil sawit bersetuju dan sangat bersetuju bahawa integr.....

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The identification of proper nouns from text aims to classify named entities according to their respective groupings, an aspect included in Named Entity Recognition (NER). Proper noun disambiguation can adversely affect morphological analysis, a vital trait to improve the corpus availability via classification and new word assimilation. The occurrences of proper nouns can be annotated from the text resources using separate entity mapping from their fragments. This research was carried out to examine the impact of regex on text pattern identification sequence that queried and acquired proper nouns from a collection of unannotated Malay language news articles. This basis study envisions several techniques to improve text entities precision and accuracy, such as pre-processing and data clustering. The results showed that the F-scores of the output tested on the unannotated news dataset were between 30% and 60%...

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Cancer is the most rapidly spreading disease in the world, especially in developing countries, including Libya. Cancer represents a significant burden on patients, families, and their societies. This disease can be controlled if detected early. Therefore, disease mapping has recently become an important method in the fields of public health research and disease epidemiology. The correct choice of statistical model is a very important step to producing a good map of a disease. Libya was selected to perform this work and to examine its geographical variation in the incidence of lung cancer. The objective of this paper is to estimate the relative risk for lung cancer. Four statistical models to estimate the relative risk for lung cancer and population censuses of the study area for the time period 2006 to 2011 were used in this work. They are initially known as Standardized Morbidity Ratio, which is the most popular statistic, which used in the field of disease mapping, Poisson-gamma mode.....

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This study focus on the fisheries activities at the Terengganu coast among the Malay society in the early of 20th century. Terengganu shows fisheries industry’s improvement as a result of high demind from the local and non-local people on dried fish product. This research uses qualitative method by using the primary sources such as annual reports, letters, memos and government files. Those documents come from the British Colonial, the Terengganu Secretary Office, the Terengganu Legal Advisory Office and the Terengganu Chief Minister Office that have been analysed using the historical approach. Secondary sources like journals and books are also referred to support the results. The results find out that fisherman and dried fish entrepreneurs are the main jobs of coastal Malay people in Terengganu during the early of 20th century. The involvement of Malay society at the coastal area in fisheries has raised the Terengganu’s economy..

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Teaching practice can be regarded as that the practical section of teacher preparation programmes and it is valued as a critical component in the teacher education which enable preservice teachers to perform the theory acquired at their teacher training institution and put it into practice. During teaching practice, the pre-service teachers will be assessed by the institution supervisors and school mentors using formative and summative assessment to measure the development of their teaching skills as well as all the required skills to be a quality teacher according to the requirement by the teacher training institutions. The purpose of this paper is to study the assessment framework that available in the literature that can use to assess pre-service teacher during teaching practice placement in the school. This article reviewed current assessment literature on teaching practice assessment framework using a qualitative approach to analyse the result using 21st-century assessment fundame.....

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Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dan membina indikator bagi kesejahteraan hidup penduduk di kawasan pinggiran berdasarkan konstruk sosioekonomi. Pendekatan kuantitaif dengan menggunakan perisian SPSS dan AMOS telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan saiz persampelan adalah seramai 400 orang responden berdasarkan kepada pendapat yang digunakan oleh pengkaji yang lalu mengikut saiz populasi bagi menjalankan analisis pengesahan faktor. Responden yang dipilih merupakan ketua isi rumah dan menetap di kawasan pinggiran Wilayah Metropolitan Lanjutan (WML) Lembah Klang-Langat. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis faktor iaitu analisis faktor penerokaan (EFA) dan analisis faktor pengesahan (CFA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan selepas EFA dan CFA digunakan, hanya 2 sub konstruk daripada konstruk sosioekonomi dan 6 item yang mempunyai nilai kesahan yang tinggi iaitu CR melebihi 0.6. Dua sub konstruk sosioekonomi ialah i) sosial, dan ii) ekonomi. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahawa model penguk.....

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Transformasi strategi pembangunan luar bandar telah beralih dari fasa menekankan pembangunan fizikal kepada berorientasikan modal insan melalui program Gerakan Desa Wawasan (GDW). Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menilai pelaksanaan program GDW yang telah dilaksanakan di Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, data primer dikumpul melalui temu bual mendalam. Antara yang ditemu bual ialah Pegawai Jabatan Kemajuan Masyarakat (KEMAS) untuk mendapat maklumat tentang pelaksanaan program GDW berdasarkan perspektif pelaksana yang bertindak sebagai jentera penyelarasan GDW. Selain itu, data sekunder turut dirujuk untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan pelaksanaan GDW di Sabah. Kajian mendapati bahawa wujud perbezaan di antara Semenanjung Malaysia dan Sabah dalam memajukan kawasan luar bandar. Antara cabaran pelaksanaan program GDW di Sabah yang dikenalpasti ialah kelemahan dalam pemilihan JKKK, pertindihan kuasa di peringkat kampung, pertindihan kuasa di peringkat persekutuan dan negeri, .....

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Pembinaan landskap di taman rekreasi merupakan salah satu fasiliti yang perlu disediakan oleh Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) kepada komuniti sesebuah bandar. Pembinaan landskap taman rekreasi di negara ini masih lagi tidak mencapai tahap kepuasan yang dikehendaki oleh pengguna dan pengunjung. Oleh itu, kajian yang dijalankan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pembinaan landskap, dengan merujuk kepada Taman Rekreasi Tasik Darulaman, Jitra. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti kepentingan pembinaan landskap kepada pengguna, dan mengkaji persepsi pengguna terhadap pembinaan landskap di Taman Rekreasi Tasik Darulaman. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan adalah kaedah temubual dan soal selidik. Kajian ini melibatkan sebanyak 80 orang responden yang terdiri daripada pengguna/pengunjung yang berkunjung ke Tasik Darulaman serta temubual bersama pihak pengurusan Tasik Darulaman (BDB Land Sdn. Bhd). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa responden bersetuju dengan pembinaan landskap di taman rekreasi kerana.....

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