The leaves and stem bark extracts of B. penangiana were screened to evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial,tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, and acetylcholinesterase activities. Evaluation of antioxidant activities were tested against DPPH, ABTS, and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial activity were investigated by microdilution method for determination of MIC, MBC, and MFC. Tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities were analysed using mushroom tyrosinase and lipoxygenase enzymes, respectively. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase activity was tested using cholinesterase enzyme. The methanol extract of stem bark showed the highest phenolic content (176.8 mg GAE/g), DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50 95.5 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 124.8 μg/mL), and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (I: 46.3%). All extracts showed from moderate to weak activity with MIC/MBC/MFC values in the ranged of 62.5-1000 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate stem bark extract revealed the highest percentage i.....

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A phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Calophyllum canum resulted in the isolation of a new xanthone dimer identified as biscaloxanthone (1), together with four compounds; trapezifoliaxanthone (2), tra-pezifolixanthone A (3), taraxerone (4) and taraxerol (5). The structures of these compounds were determined via spec-troscopic methods of IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 were screened against A549, MCF-7, C33A and 3T3L1 cell lines, wherein weak cytotoxic activities were observed (IC 50 > 50 μM).  ..

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In Malaysia, Alstonia spathulata Bl. is locally known as ‘Pulai Basong’ which distribute in peat forest. The separation of the chemical components from hexane and DCM crude extract of Alstonia spathulata was carried out using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TCL) techniques. A total of five known compound were isolated from the stem bark extracts and identified as: β-amyrin, β-amyrin acetate, lupeol acetate, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The elucidation structures of these compounds were established using 1D-NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT) and 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC) spectroscopic analysis, involving also comparison with data from the literature...

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[No abstract available]..

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Habits of mind (HOM) is one of the kind response to those questions and problems whereby the answers to which are not immediately known which can attribute to effective problem solvers and critical thinking development. However, the emphasis on this aspect is still low especially among science educators as well as secondary science students which in the long run will retard the production of knowledge worker who are able to behave when confronted with life’s problems. The study addressed the integration of Thinking Based Learning (TBL) and the 6E Instructional Model as a teaching approach in nurturing habits of mind among secondary students while doing their Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) project. The study involved 30 students from a Lower Secondary School in a sub urban school in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Students were given a STEM Raft Module integrating TBL and 6E Instructional Model for five weeks to come out with a model of a raft based on science concepts .....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan Komik STEM tahun satu untuk mata pelajaran sains dan matematik. Komik STEM ini dibangunkan berdasarkan kepada model Pengetahuan Teknologi, Pedagogi dan Kandungan (TPACK). Pembangunan kandungan komik ini melibatkan dua fasa iaitu fasa pembinaan komik STEM dan fasa penilaian Komik STEM. Walaubagaimanapun, artikel ini hanya membincangkan kepada fasa pembangunan komik STEM. 13 orang Guru Cemerlang sains dan matematik dari daerah Hulu Langat terlibat dalam analisis sukatan mata pelajaran sains dan matematik tahun satu dan penyediaan skrip manakala ilustrator komik STEM dibuat oleh 2 orang pensyarah dari Fakulti Seni. Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif dari Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Hasilnya, sebuah Komik STEM yang mengandungi 10 siri gabungjalin kandungan tajuk dalam matapelajaran sains dan matematik tahun satu telah berjaya dibangunkan. Komik ini dijangka menarik minat serta meningkatkan pencapaian murid tahun satu dalam matapelajaran sains da.....

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Engineering Design Process (EDP) is one of the strategies available to implement STEM education. 37 selected articles we systemically reviewed following the Five Stages framework to extract EDP effectiveness in school setting. Information was arranged in the following sequence: kind of research, designed product, measured variables, effectiveness result and characteristics of STEM teaching and learning. It is hoped that this review provides a guide for STEM education to design their owned classroom lesson using EDP and measure its effectiveness following examples in the comprehensive list analyzed in this paper. ..

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The application named AR Sistem Suria is developed to expose the Augmented Reality technology to the students that will gives the real world scene by having virtual 3D objects on the  smart phone’s screen especially in astronomy field that students learn Solar System in Science  Standard 4. The data result consist of several perception to be measured such as functionality,  effectiveness and application design testing to the Science teachers and students in Standard 4, 5  and 6 at primary school as the respondent for this research. The research instrument consist of  questionnaire for the teachers and the students and each perception consist 5 question itself. By  referring to Likert Scale, the result review mostly the higest mean for each of the perception for  both testing on teachers and students. It is concluded that this application is acceptable and  effective as the teaching and learning kits and it is also may enhance the students’ interest in STEM learnin.....

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