A new record of Sphaerolaimus macrocirculus (Filipjev 1918) in East Malaysian coastal water was described. The species was isolated from the muddy area of Muara Tebas, Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 47 species of Sphaerolaimus have been reported worldwide. Samples of Sphaerolaimus macrocirculus were previously recorded in the sublittoral mud area of temperate country. S. macrocirculus possesses a stout body (1.1 – 1.6 mm; De Man ratios: a (body length/body width) = 16.8 – 27.5; b (body length/oesophagus length) = 2.3 – 4.3; c (body length/tail length) = 5.6 – 8.6). The circular amphid is very clear and situated at the base of the cephalic capsule. In male, the amphid ranged from 11.3 – 14.3 μm in diameter (mean = 12.7 ± 1.3) and 0.4 c.d. (corresponding diameter). In female, the amphid ranged from 7.2 – 9.4 μm in diameter (mean 7.8 ± 0.9) and 0.2 c.d. The species is characterised by the presence of eight groups of subcephalic setae at the head region and three longer term.....

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The isolation and purification of the leaves extract of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm yielded four alkaloids; norisocorydine 1, isocorydine 2, 2-norobamegine 3 and obamegine 4. This phytochemical study involves extraction, separation by using various chromatographic methods and structural determination by spectroscopic technique such as ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) including 1D-NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMQC/HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The IC50 value of antiplasmodial activity for isocorydine 2 and obamegine 4 are 0.50 μmolL-1 and 0.14 μmolL-1 respectively...

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A phytochemical study on the leaf extract of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm involving extraction, separation by using various chromatographic methods and structural determination by spectroscopic technique such as ultraviolet spectra (UV), infrared spectra (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra (MS) was carried out. The isolation and purification from the leaves of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm yielded two aporphines: norlirioferine and lirioferine...

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Visual language or visual representation has been used in the past few years in order to express the knowledge in graphic. One of the important graphical elements is fractal and L-Systems is a mathematic-based grammatical model for modelling cell development and plant topology. From the plant model, L-Systems can be interpreted as music sound and score. In this paper, LSound which is a Visual Language Programming (VLP) framework has been developed to model plant to music sound and generate music score and vice versa. The objectives of this research has three folds: (i) To expand the grammar dictionary of L-Systems music based on visual programming, (ii) To design and produce a user-friendly and icon based visual language framework typically for L-Systems musical score generation which helps the basic learners in musical field and (iii) To generate music score from plant models and vice versa using L-Systems method. This research undergoes a four phases methodology where the plant is fi.....

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This study aims to examine whether the American elementary students increase their cultural understanding after a six-week multicultural music programme on China and Cuba, considering factors of age, gender and learning needs. The use of Edwards’ (1994) levels of cultural understanding as a research tool and the way in which this approach can motivate children learning were examined. Participants were 110 second and fifth graders of two schools in New Jersey. Interviews were administered before and after the programme and classroom observations were conducted. Data indicated that such multicultural music programme has increased children’s cultural understanding and reduce their stereotypes on other people. Different levels of cultural understanding have been demonstrated. It was easy for children to achieve the basic level (i.e. Level 1: Knowledge) but it became more and more difficult as the levels proceed (i.e. Levels 2-4: Awareness, Sensitivity and Valuing). Therefore, multicult.....

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Tujuan artikel ini bertujuan meneliti kepentingan dan peranan huiguan dalam komuniti Cina semasa pentadbiran British. Artikel ini berfokus kepada huiguan yang ditubuhkan sebelum tahun 1957 dan peranan huiguan tersebut terhadap orang Cina Bentong. Kaedah kualitatif telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Analisis kajian ini dilakukan berdasarkan kepada sumber primer dan sekunder daripada laporan tahunan dan manuskrip persatuan, buku, jurnal, serta majalah terbitan huiguan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Persatuan Dewan Perniagaan Cina Bentong, Persatuan Kwangsi Bentong dan Persatuan Dewan Perhimpunan Cina ialah huiguan yang paling awal ditubuhkan dan berpengaruh dalam komuniti Cina Bentong. Penubuhan Huiguan tersebut memainkan peranan penting dalam menyediakan kebajikan dan bantuan kepada anggota seperti menyediakan tempat penginapan sementara memberi peluang pekerjaan, menguruskan hal perkahwinan dan pengebumian ahli, mengadakan aktiviti tradisi, adat resam dan kepercayaan orang antara .....

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The digital preservation of cultural heritage of 3D reconstructed objects presents a new challenge due to difficultiesassociated with this technique. The importance of 3D reconstruction especially in the context of preservation and visualization of heritage buildings as many studies have been conducted that underlined its importance. To this effect, the present study proposed a new digital preservation best practice to visualize heritage monuments and buildings based on artistic considerations for the graphic designer responsible for this task. The best practices presented in this study includes the open standards, procedures, observations as well as considerations that are needed on the objects to be regarded as acceptable for visualization purposes. The proposed best practices were pilot tested by having 33 computer graphics students apply these practices to visualize heritage buildings as assigned..

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One of the heritages can be denoting to the values of human activity in the past and its cultural oral narratives. To virtualize these heritages, it means to actualize the heritage into the digital content. When attempting to understand a particular cultural heritage site, the challenge here is that the connection to the past is non-existence due to insufficient historical information of the heritage sites. On the other hand, crowd simulation has been widely applied for the purpose of construction and reconstruction of tangible and intangible digital heritage. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to bring past life into digital cultural heritage and it would need the inclusions of the visual information of the surroundings and the people in the past. This paper also investigates the phase-by-phase methodology to deal with crowd simulation of different ethnic groups with heterogeneous behaviors in digital cultural heritage. The crowd is modeled and simulated based on the cl.....

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