Metisa plana Walker and Pteroma pendula Joannis are important pests of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacquin, which is the primary agricultural crop in Malaysia. Although there is a history of integrated management of the bagworms, information gaps exist with regard to their incidence, biology, dispersion and population dynamics. Such new information is needed to improve the current integrated management of these pests. Analysis of historical records of bagworm infestations over 63 955 ha of oil palm in 69 estates in Peninsular Malaysia showed M. plana and P. pendula to be the primary pests. Infestations were of single or mixed species, and ranged from nil to 7811 ha yr-1. Cumulative infestations were 18 297 ha, 4904 ha and 14 607 ha for single species of P. pendula and M. plana, and for mixed species of P. pendula and M. plana, respectively. This shows P. pendula to be the predominant species, and is attributed to its ability to survive very wet weather (>200 mm rain per month) and .....

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An attempt was made to determine optimum sampling unit of between-palm and within-palm distribution of bagworms and their interspecific association distribution in oil palm using aggregation indices or distribution models. The within-frond distribution of bagworms varied significantly within the oil palm crown. Peak bagworm density was recorded between frond numbers 9 and 19. Through polynomial regression, standardised residual and relative net precision analyses, frond number 17 was established as the representative sampling unit for experimental work, and frond numbers 10-19 should be used when a greater precision is required as in life-table construction. A lack of interspecific association suggested these sampling units to be applicable for single and mixed infestations. Evaluation of between-palm dispersion revealed that Taylor’s Power Law gave a more appropriate fit with highly significant r2 values for all categories of assessment. The bagworms were regularly dispersed in oil .....

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This conceptual paper attempts to provide an understanding of the importance of outcome-based education (OBE) approach for teaching and learning development. As a theory of education, OBE has certain beliefs and assumptions about learning, teaching and the systemic structures within these activities. The results of OBE approach are expressed in terms of individual student learning and they are expected to achieve the two long-term benefits : i) OBE is able to measure ‗what the students are capable of doing‘ and ii) OBE goes beyond ‗structured tasks‘ by demanding that students demonstrate their skills through more challenging tasks. The OBE system also can be benefited when the outcomes are used to guide instructional planning. In Malaysia, the OBE system is implemented by the Malaysia Quality Agency (MQA). The Agency holds the task to improve the quality of human capital in the country from three main aspects namely, knowledge, skills and attitude...

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The isolation and purification of the leaves extract of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm yielded four alkaloids; norisocorydine 1, isocorydine 2, 2-norobamegine 3 and obamegine 4. This phytochemical study involves extraction, separation by using various chromatographic methods and structural determination by spectroscopic technique such as ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) including 1D-NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMQC/HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The IC50 value of antiplasmodial activity for isocorydine 2 and obamegine 4 are 0.50 μmolL-1 and 0.14 μmolL-1 respectively...

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A phytochemical study on the leaf extract of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm involving extraction, separation by using various chromatographic methods and structural determination by spectroscopic technique such as ultraviolet spectra (UV), infrared spectra (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra (MS) was carried out. The isolation and purification from the leaves of Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm yielded two aporphines: norlirioferine and lirioferine...

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The purpose of this paper was to foster the conceptual understanding through music videos among pre-service Economics teachers. Students’ learning interest towards music video was also examined. A quantitative research method with descriptive survey design was employed in this study. A total of 90 pre-service teachers were employed as respondents. The findings indicated that music video contributes significant results towards students’ performance, and interest. Further research will focus on qualitative research.  ..

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Kepemimpinan mempengaruhi tekanan kerja dalam kalangan tenaga pengajar. Tekanan kerja menyebabkan prestasi dan kualiti kerja menurun. Oleh itu, gaya kepemimpinan yang lebih fleksibel dan bercorak perkongsian perlu diamalkan dalam sistem pendidikan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan perkaitan di antara kepemimpinan yang bercorak perkongsian iaitu kepemimpinan distributif dan tekanan kerja dalam pendidikan teknik dan vokasional. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif iaitu temu bual separa berstruktur. Responden kajian dipilih dengan teknik persampelan bertujuan iaitu mempunyai minima setahun pengalaman mengajar dalam pendidikan teknik dan vokasional. Seramai empat responden iaitu tenaga pengajar daripada pendidikan teknik dan vokasional telah dipilih untuk sesi temu bual. Data kajian dianalisis dengan kaedah analisis kandungan. Data temu bual dikumpul dan dianalisis dengan mentranskripsi temu bual secara verbatim, dikod dan dikategorikan mengikut tema. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan.....

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