Despite a large amount of research on depression and abuse, there is still a controversy on how abuse is measured and on childhood trauma's effect on the physiological function of adults. Here, we attempt to clarify the relationship between different types of abuse and depression while focusing on childhood abuse. This article, unlike prior research, provides an overview that addresses physical, psychological, and sexual abuse and their psychological impact on the victims. Results show that abuse is a vulnerability factor for a variety of mental and physical health problems and that psychological abuse is strongly associated with depression. More research is needed to understand (a) the role of abuse in the development and maintenance of depression and, in particular, longitudinal studies that also account for the large number of risk and protective factors that influence this relationship and (b) how different types of abuse can influence response to treatment among survivors with dep.....

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This paper presents a preliminary report on an ethnographic study of the elements in Main Zapin (Zapin play-performance), based on extensive fieldwork conducted in Muar, Johor. The research employed a comprehensive ethnographic approach, utilizing a combination of observation, participant-observation, and non-structured interviews to delve into the multifaceted dimensions of Main Zapin performances. By engaging with the local community and performers, this study aimed to unravel the artistic elements and community dynamics that underpin this traditional dance form. The methodology incorporated rigorous observations to capture the nuances of Main Zapin performances. Participant-observation techniques immersed the researcher in the cultural context, fostering a deeper understanding of the art form. Additionally, non-structured interviews were conducted to gather rich qualitative data, enabling the exploration of personal perspectives, experiences, and insights of individuals involved in .....

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Main Zapin, a Malay folk dance form with deep cultural roots, embodied a multifaceted tradition interwoven with rich cultural, social, and historical dimensions. This research employed a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore the interconnected elements within Main Zapin: (a) adaptive competence, (b) value-oriented conduct, (c) constructive components, and (d) characteristics establishment, constituting the core of this dance tradition. The research objective was to delve into the concept of _Main_ in zapin-making practices, as practiced by Zapin Melayu (Malay Zapin) performers in Johor, within its traditional choreographic context of production. This exploration sought to conceptualize and evaluate the _Theory of Permainan Tari,_ revealing the intricate interplay between value-oriented conduct, adaptive competence, constructive elements, and characteristics establishment in Main Zapin performances. The research methodology encompassed a constructivist grounded theory appro.....

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