Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan   penggunaan Token Ekonomi untuk meningkatkan pencapaian, motivasi dan penglibatan murid dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu di sebuah  Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk kuasi eksperimen digunakan  dalam kajian ini. Data daripada pemerhatian dan temubual juga digunakan untuk menyokong data  kuantitatif. Pemilihan subjek kajian melibatkan 63 orang murid tahundua di sebuah sekolah Daerah  Klang, Selangor. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada 31 orang murid kumpulan rawatan dan 32 orang murid  kumpulan kawalan. Data kuantitatif diperoleh daripada ujian pra dan pasca, soal selidik dan kuiz,  manakala data kualitatif diperoleh daripada pemerhatian dan temu bual. Data dianalisis dengan  menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferens. Analisis deskriptif menjelaskan kekerapan, min,  sisihan piawai, manakala statistik inferens melibatkan ujian-t bebas. Dapatan kajian mendapati  bahawa terdapat peningk.....

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Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh pengetahuan mengurus, sikap dalam mengurus dan pengalaman terhadap kemahiran mengurus mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan guru novis bukan opsyen Bahasa Melayu. Pendekatan kajian ialah kajian kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan untuk menjawab tujuh persoalan kajian dan tiga hipotesis. Sampel kajian ialah 80 orang guru novis yang mengajar mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu dari 35 buah Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) daerah Kinta Utara, Ipoh, Perak yang dipilih menggunakan teknik pensampelan rawak mudah. Satu set instrumen digunakan untuk menentukan pengaruh pengetahuan mengurus, sikap dalam mengurus dan pengalaman terhadap kemahiran mengurus mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan guru novis bukan opsyen Bahasa Melayu. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, ANOVA satu hala, kolerasi Pearson dan regresi linear. Secara keseluruhannya, guru novis bukan opsyen Bahasa Melayu mempunyai tahap.....

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This study aims to investigate the phytochemicals and biological activities from the bark and leaf of Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou. The samples were air-dried, ground, and gradient  extracted by cold extraction using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol successively.  The  bark   and  leaf  crude  extracts  were  purified  via chromatographic techniques to produce pure  compounds. The chemical structure of compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods such as  nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry and comparison from the  literature review. The crude extracts and isolated compounds were tested for their anti-lipase,  antioxidant and anticancer activities through colorimetric test, DPPH free radical scavenging and  cytotoxicity assay, respectively. This study has successfully afforded 22 compounds, including  three new compounds, namely aquilene A, aquilene B, and subintegranol.  Other compounds were  5-hydroxy-7,4�.....

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The present study was conducted to better understand aggressive traits and experiences of bullying victimisation amongst a group of at risk female adolescents in a welfare home setting. The objectives of this study were to determine if the presence of aggressive traits in victims provoke bullying, and to explore their experiences of bullying within a setting where their bullies also reside. The sample consisted of fifty two female adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 years old, from one children’s welfare home in Perak. A self-administered questionnaire and focus-group interviews were used to collect data. As a group, the adolescents scored higher in all subdomains of aggression, particularly hostility; compared to the norm reference. Mann-Whitney U test indicated significant differences in the subdomains physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility; between adolescents who had experienced bullying victimisation and those who had never been bullied. 71% of the adolescents in .....

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Topic theory in musicology examines how musical elements and structures convey emotions or topics in music. Despite its potential to provide a framework for understanding musical expression, topic theory has rarely been applied to piano pedagogy. This study aimed to explore participants’ perceptions of Raymond Monelle’s topic theory, specifically the hunt, military, and pastoral topics, in piano interpretation and teaching. Participants included six music lecturers from Chinese universities and nine university music students from Bulgaria, China, France, Germany, and the United States. Data was collected through a listening survey and semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The listening survey used excerpts from Dussek’s La Chasse, C.146, Beethoven’s Piano Sonata in A Major, Op. 101, Second Movement, and Liszt’s Années de Pèlerinage, Première année - Suisse, No. 3, Pastorale. The results showed that more than half of the participants matched the .....

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Historically, notation in Southeast Asia has been used for musical documentation and preservation rather than functioning as a medium for realising music during performance. As a consequence, today both heritage and hybrid forms of script such as Balinese ding dong notation and Javanese kepatihan cipher notation play only a minor role in the musical expression of this region’s predominantly aural-based forms. When musical notation is used, it may be found written on a variety of traditional and modern medium including palm leaves and plain paper to computer programs with specialised fonts or even cell phone text messages. In this article, I observe notation in three distinct traditions existing along a continuum from preservation to innovation. Despite technological advancements and the availability of Western staff notation, diverse forms of indigenous musical notation primarily serve to sustain traditions and aide the memory of musicians for teaching and learning...

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The present study reports on the isolation, purification and antioxidant activity evaluation of the dichloromethane extract of Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou leaves. Four compounds were successfully isolated and purified from the dichloromethane extract using column chromatography. Purification was monitored by thin layer chromatography, and four isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analyses such as NMR and mass spectrometry. These compounds were 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, luteolin-7,3',4'-trimethyl ether, ?-sitosterol and friedelin. Their antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). All compounds exhibited weak antioxidant activity, with inhibition values of less than 30 % at the highest tested concentration (500 ?g/mL). To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to report on the DPPH radical scavenging activity of isolated secondary metabolites from A. subintegra leaves. 2024 Malaysian Institute of Chemistry. Al.....

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Li Y u, a playwright in the early Qing Dynasty, proposed the signific ant “structural theory” for the development of Chinese drama. This paper begins by discussing the concept of structural organization in his vernacular novel Twelve Towers , exploring how Li Y u, prior to putting forth the “structure comes first” theory, used the construction of “towers” as a narrative framework in the novel, to establish the spatial and thematic significance for the characters and activities within the story. Applying literature analysis of Twelve Towers as the research method, and supplement ing it with Li Y u’s structural theory from Random Thoughts and Essays and his expertise in incorporating garden art, the paper delves into the conceptualization and construction process of the “tower” in Li Y u's novels. Li Y u emphasized the novelty of buil ding a narrative like constructing a house, diverging from conventional themes of talent and honour. His narrative strategy n.....

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The genus Anisophyllea belongs to the class Magnoliopsida, order Cucurbitales of the Anisophylleaceae family. The species are distributed widely throughout the Old World tropics, including Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Sumatra and Borneo. Literature reviews indicated that only a small number of species in the genus Anisophyllea have been investigated for their chemical compounds and biological activities. Phytochemical investigation of the Anisophyllea species led to the isolation of triterpenoids and phenolic compounds that showed antifungal, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, and cytotoxicity activities [1]. Anisophyllea corneri Ding Hou is locally known as delek or peparah in Malaysia and is a small to medium-sized tree that can reach up to 30 m height and 67 cm in diameter. This species can be found throughout Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan). It grows in primary lowland dipterocarp forests to upper hill dipterocarp forests up to 1,06.....

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