The objective of this study is to investigate Napa soil?s potential as an alternative additive in producing Portland composite cement. The Napa soil of Tanah Datar district, West Sumatra, Indonesia is a natural material which contains SiO2 and Al2O3 as its major components. The parameters used were the fineness of the cement particles, the amount left on a 45 �m sieve, the setting time, normal consistency, loss on ignition, insoluble parts, compressive strength and chemical composition. The composition of Napa soils (% w/w) used as variables include 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Furthermore, 8% pozzolan was used as a control in this research. The results showed that the compressive strength of Napa soil cement which contained 4% Napa soil was much better compared to that of the control on the 7th and 20th day. Furthermore, all the analyzed Napa soil cements met the standard of cement as stipulated in Indonesian National Standard, SNI 7064, 2016. ? 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switz.....

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The Muslim Maranaos in Mindanao, Philippines established the Lanao Sultanate in 1616 and it continues until today as a traditional governance. It shows that there is a sizeable research gap on the Lanao Sultanate practices on land grant, moreover, the Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate practices on land grant has been little represented in the Philippines literature, in fact, there is not a single published paper focusing on this subject. Thus, this research will explore the Lanao Sultanate practices on land grant with special reference to the political thought of al-Māwardī to establish the Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate practices on land grant. Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Ali Ibn Muḥāmmād Ibn Habīb al-Māwardī was born on 972 C.E. in Basra, Iraq. He worked as a qādī (judge), and juridical adviser at the court of the caliph al-Qa’im. He has immense knowledge on fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Qur’ān interpretation, religion, government, public and constitutional law, language, ethics, a.....

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Kajian ini adalah untuk melihat keberkesanan teater tradisional Cupak Gerantang sebagai alternatif pendidikan watak di sekolah. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mencapai objektif kajian iaitu: (1) mengenal pasti tahap-tahap pendidikan watak pelajar di Madrasah Aliyah NW Mercapada, (2) meneroka nilai pendidikan watak di Teater Tradisional Cupak Gerantang bagi mengatasi masalah tersebut. pendidikan watak pelajar bermasalah di Madrasah Aliyah NW Mercapada, dan (3) mengaplikasikan teater tradisional Cupak Gerantang sebagai kaedah alternatif membentuk pendidikan watak pelajar Madrasah Aliyah NW Mercapada. Ini adalah penyelidikan kualitatif. Kaedah yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah pengkaji memasuki persekitaran subjek kajian serta memerhati, temubual dan mendokumentasikan apa yang berlaku. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan teori keperluan Abraham Maslow. Berasaskan kajian dijumpa dapatan bahawa teater tradisional Cupak Gerantang boleh menjadi alternative bagi pendidikan watak ker.....

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