Floods is a major hazard causing property damage, business and tourism loss, crop damage and negative effects on people in the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka. This study was conducted to identify the geographical characteristics that contribute to flood hazard potentials in the study area. Primary data was collected using focus group discussion and field visits, with data from government departments. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical method, and the results were mapped using ARC GIS 11.2 software. Rainfall variability, especially intensity, directly affects flood impacts. The geographical terrain of a place, whether low-lying, flat or in the form of depression has high flood potentials. The study revealed that 26% of the low elevation places of the district have experienced severe flooding during the last sixty years. Other geographical characteristics such as soil types, collapsed natural and human-made drainage systems, unplanned road development, railway track const.....

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Understanding the changes of long-term rainfall is vital for water resources management and climate mitigation strategies development. This study aims to evaluate the annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall trends of the northern region of Sri Lanka from 1970 to 2019. The Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests have been used to analyze the trend and magnitude changes, respectively. The results show that the historical annual rainfall of Northern Sri Lanka has increased from 18.76 mm/decade to 37.68 mm/decade from 1970 to 2019. As per the seasonal pattern, the rainfall of the northeast monsoon has been reduced, while South west Monsoon rainfall has increased gradually in the Northern Region of Sri Lanka. There are fluctuating patterns in the monthly rainfall pattern, and November dominates in the monthly rainfall pattern, receiving more than 350 mm as the average. Changes in the rainfall pattern of the study area impact the physical and economic living environment.  ..

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