The paradigm shift from consumer to producer mindset to cultivate transversal competencies other than building a strong foundation in primary education is a major challenge for global educators and researchers. Therefore, as initial efforts, Malaysia has developed and strengthened the reasoning skill as one of the basic skills in primary education. The move to abolish examination by introducing classroom-based assessments has redirected the learning and teaching in the classrooms. Recently, project-based learning, problem-based learning and inquirybased learning are being studied and applied. However, the rapid growth of hands-on activities has questioned the effectiveness of these learning approaches. Additionally, direct instructions to promote the 21st-century skills and inadequate use of technology, materials and science laboratories in primary schools are still unsolved issues. The smart entrepreneurs have transformed this loophole into a commercial value by creating makerspace or.....

313 hits