Calixarenes is widely used as a sensor material due to nanoporous film structure. We used a type of calix[4]arenes to observe the suitability of calixarenes paired with Pb2+ ions. Langmuir Blodgett technique was used to observe the surface pressure-area (Π-A) isotherm, surface potential-area (ΔV-A) isotherm and effective dipole moment (μ⊥) characteristic of the calixarenes due to the binding interaction. The radius of Calixarenes‘ cavity was determined from its isotherm and we found that the cavity‘s radius is inversely proportional to spreading volume. When the PbCl2 salt is introduced into the subphase, the Pb2+ions begin to interact with Mat 3 until stabilization is achieved indicating the greatest number of ions that can bind with Mat 3 has been reached. Hence, ion sensing of Pb2+ ions using Mat 3 can be achieved over the range of 0 - 6.50×10−2-2 mM..

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Hydrophilic backbone chains with substituted hydrophobic organic groups give rise to amphiphilic polysiloxane. This property is of great interest as it can form a Langmuir monolayer, an orderly arranged layer that can be utilised in any potential nanoscale application. Hence, a study was conducted on the surface pressure, surface potential and effective dipole moment of various homopolysiloxane and copolysiloxane Langmuir films to clarify some of their monolayer properties. A NIMA Langmuir 611D trough accompanied with a NIMA surface potential (S-POT) probe was employed in this work. The space filling model, generally known as the Corey, Pauling and Koltun (CPK) precision molecular model, was used to construct the siloxanes unit of each set of polysiloxanes to estimate the siloxane unit size. From the surface pressure isotherm, it was observed that copolysiloxanes are more condensed than homopolysiloxanes. By comparing the results extrapolated from the graph with CPK modelling, the stru.....

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The main objectives of this research is to design and develop the Solar Energy project module entitled SESTEM. In this 34 pages module, technologies were embedded which there are QRCodes and links of videos that were mainly made for this module by the research assistant. This research is design based on ADDIE model (analyse, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Firstly, we analyse the requirements and criteria for developing the hands-on activity related to solar project. Next, designing the hands-on STEM-based and in the same time develop the module consist of several projects. Furthermore, we developed a set of questionaire survey using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) method in order to evaluate the students’ perception of the complete Solar Energy STEM module...

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The versatilities of calixarenes have been known primarily in the host-guest world. In this work, two calix[4]arenes, namely C-DHC4 and N-DHC4, possess the same lower rim but are distinct in the upper rim. The Langmuir Isotherm and optical properties have been carried out using Langmuir?Blodgett trough and UV-Visible spectroscopy, respectively. The topographical image of the calix[4]arenes has been observed using FESEM, and lead cation entrapments of these calix[4]arenes have been inspected using the surface potential sensor. The isotherm graph revealed the size of each calixarene; C-DHC4 ~ 1.90 nm2 and N-DHC4 ~ 2.10 nm2 . The UV-Visible result demonstrated that each calix[4]arene has two firm absorption peaks where C-DHC4 has two broad peaks, which lie in 261 and 330 nm, while N-DHC4 has two shoulders at 275 and 282 nm. FESEM images have shown the formation of calix[4]arene nanocluster. Further monitoring on the surface potential and effective dipole moment indicate that C-DHC4 perfor.....

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Utilising an excellent teaching tool is vital for students education nowadays. In contrast to the traditional teaching way, Technology-Embedded Solar Energy STEM (SESTEM) module was created as a modern teaching tool for physics subject. In order to develop and evaluate the students perception towards the complete SESTEM module, developmental research and technology acceptance model (TAM) were applied in this research study. 52 randomly selected diploma students from Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) were involved as respondents in this work. After the development of the SESTEM module using the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) model, the perceptions of students as respondents towards this module were evaluated based on the TAM via questionnaire. Based on the responses from the respondents, the majority of the respondents demonstrated positive attitudes and behaviour intention, as well as agreed that the SESTEM module was useful as a teaching to.....

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The aim of this research is to formulate activated carbon monolith from hazardous waste of cigarette filter butts (CFB) for electrode material monolith design in solid-state supercapacitor application. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) was selected for activation. The ratio of CFB to KOH varied in terms of weight between 1:2 and 1:4, thereby obtaining activated cigarette filter carbon (ACFC). The carbon that has been obtained is designed to be solidly in the form of an additive-free monolith. Monolith-activated carbon is physically characterized to examine thermal decomposition profiles (pre-carbonized), structure, composition, morphology, surface area adsorption, and electrochemical measurements. The optimum precursor was marked with high wettability with self-O-doped of 5.44%.in carbon content of 94.56%. Activated carbon electrodes prepared from ACFCs showed an optimum specific capacitance of ~87.17 F g-1, which is a more ecologically responsible method of producing supercapacitors. 2023 Th.....

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Various efforts can be made to obtain clean water in the environment by utilizing semiconductor technology. This study aims to inform the synthesis and characterization of MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 photocatalyst for crystal violet degradation in wastewater. Nanocomposite was synthesized through a sol-gel process with three semiconductor materials doped. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the nanocomposite structure and determine crystal size. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to provide functional groups in the nanocomposite. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) can characterize surface morphology and particle size. The results of the SEM show that an increase in sintering temperature causes the smallest particle sizes to be 54.79 nm. The result of characterization using the ultraviolet-visible (Uv-Vis) spectrophotometry analysis the most effective band gap value in photocatalyst activity was 1.36 eV. The optimum percent of degradation MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 catalyst was 50.40% for .....

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