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Background This study aimed to observe the cartilaginous matrix production in SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9)- and/or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-transfected chondrocytes from monolayer to three-dimensional (3D) culture. Methods The genes were transferred into chondrocytes at passage-1 (P1) via lipofection. The post-transfected chondrocytes (SOX9-, TERT- and SOX9/TERT) were analysed at P1, P2 and P3. The non-transfected group was used as control. The 3D culture was established using the chondrocytes seeded in a disc-shaped PLGA/fibrin and PLGA scaffolds. The resulting 3D “cells-scaffolds” constructs were analysed at week-1, -2 and -3. The histoarchitecture was evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue and safranin o stains. The quantitative sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content was measured using biochemical assay. The cartilage-specific markers expression were analysed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results All monolayer cultured ch.....

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Conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) renders the latter with enhanced biocompatibility and broader overall capability in biomedical application. Novel miktoarm star polymers comprising PLGA and PEG segments are of interest for their potential as drug carriers. Thus, a series of miktoarm star copolymers, PLGA-(mPEG)2, with different PLGA arm molecular weights and methoxy-PEG (mPEG) arm (2000 g/mol), were synthesised via a four-step reaction using carbodiimide chemistry with a low steric hindrance trifunctional linker aminoadipic acid (AAA) and characterised by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show that the miktoarm star polymers PLGA17.0-AAA(mPEG)2 and PLGA43.4-AAA(mPEG)2 formed stable nanoparticles and PLGA4.6-AAA(mPEG)2 self-assembled into stable nanomicelles. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the critic.....

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Thisstudy wascarried out to prepareepoxy/ natural hydroxyapatite composite  for  potential biomedical application. Natura hydroxyapatite (nHAp) powder was extracted fromTilapia fishscales via the thermal method. Thenatural hydroxyapatite wasmilled for48 hoursanddriedby spraymethod. The nHAp particle size wasdetermined using mastersizer 2000 particlesizeanalyser and the chemical structurewas confirmed using XRD) and FTIR analysis.The particle sizeof nHAp wasidentifiedto bebetween1 and 10microns. Mechanicalpropertiesof epoxy/ naturalhydroxyapatitewereinvestigated by using impactand flexunral test. The highest flexural strength ofepoxy/nHAp composite was recorded when the nHAp filler was10 wt%which is 77%incrementascomparedtoepoxyalone.Theimpactstrength was increased up to two-fold as compared to neat epoxy.The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and EDX analysis showed uniform dispersion of nHAp particles within the epoxy matrix for the composites with 10 wt% filler loading..

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Polyalithagenus is predominantly rich with medicinal properties. The herbs, leaves, stems, twigs and other part of the plants are potentially rich with antibacterial properties. Many research works have proved that the polyalitha genus have been used by medicines to cure different types of diseases. The biological activities have provided antibacterial activity in patients and demonstrated successful results. Paleolithic genus has active antimicrobial agents with MIC values. Polyalthialongifolia leaves are rich with acetone, methanol and dioxin medicinal values. Predominantly Polyalthiagenus has been identified with important pathogenic microbial strains. The usage of Polyalthia genus is predominantly found in Ayurveda, siddha and Unani medicines to cure various diseases. These are also predominantly used for protecting the humans from environmental hazards. The biological activities of Polyalthia genus are predominantly used as foundations for modern and alternative medicines...

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The review was aimed to review the phytochemical of the Polyalithia longiflia. Phytochemical screening for all parts of Polyalithia longiflia have been done and shown most of the chemical group compounds such as glycosides, Sterol, Carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids. 174compounds have been isolated from five parts (leaves, steam bark, seeds, fruits, root) of Polyalithia longiflia, these compounds have been drown their structure. Leaves of Polyalithia longiflia were extracted and isolated 99 compounds most of these compounds were terpenoids, 59 compounds were isolated from the stem bark belong to different chemical groups such as Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Phenol, Fatty acids, and Steroids, 16 compounds were isolated from the fruit from several chemicals groups, 11 compounds were isolated from the root,7 compounds were isolated from the seeds which belong to different chemical groups which are Terpenoids, Fatty Acids, and Carbohydrate. Many of these compound have been used in medical fil.....

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