This research aims to understand the art discourse that is the foundation for developing modern fine arts in Surabaya. Art discourse represents the fundamental ideas behind the creation of art-works, which are developed and dialectically discussed within the context of the art ecosystem in Surabaya. The research design is based on an analytical, historical research method with a socio-historical approach. The findings reveal the existence of continuity and change in art discourse from the Aksera generation (Academy of Fine Arts Surabaya) in the 1970s to the post-Aksera generations, namely the 1980s and 1990s generations. Three bases of art discourse emerged as the core expressions of aesthetics in modern fine arts in Surabaya during the 1970s to 1990s: 1. The discourse of nationalism (identity) underlies the art discourse of the Aksera generation; 2. The discourse of the market (commodification of art) becomes the main concern of the 1980s gen-eration; 3. The social-political discourse.....

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This paper parses the problem that art education for autistic children in Indonesia is only a compliment. Furthermore, it invites us to explore the nature and essence of art education as a solution again. Art education, which offers the concept of play, actually becomes "mathematical" learning and removes the essence of creative freedom from art education itself. The teacher does not understand the nature and essence of art education, which causes a shift towards the objectification of autistic children as students. This is due to the fact that the paradigm of art education for children with autism in Indonesia is still a discourse. Thus, the intimacy between teacher and student is no longer visible. Therefore, this paper argues about the need to take specific steps towards understanding art education by art teachers, prospective art teacher-students, and parents. It aims to restore the essence and essence of fine arts education as a medium of expression that can help children with aut.....

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